tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-72792400941596024712024-03-14T01:50:18.011-04:00The Occasional CEOOnce a blog about innovation, entrepreneurship, and business history. Now in proud disarray.Eric B. Schultzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03169391149462048777noreply@blogger.comBlogger211125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7279240094159602471.post-14744191947396930752023-10-08T09:03:00.004-04:002023-10-08T09:15:55.389-04:00Tweets for Tweets (7): My Favorite Bird Photos July 2022- Early October 2023<p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRtVb-3-I1lUSZmT6w9X-Ndf7-pk87pIL8NEvXFF2WjUnnD93RYeWTX8d93y6jcY76-QP5HmqQu8vvmL2puSS24ijKdGcOt9XV7Hh_D1GcUXDSC-m08eLX-7zVK8zGWVq_2PjgK1rsKxaHfitANt5vTlkkUqmCsMSeUo9PZUmAFPhNCO73K6bn9ekS1to/s4608/House%20Finch%202%20-%20Ridgewood%20Cemetery,%20N%20Andover%20-%2010-23-2022.JPG" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRtVb-3-I1lUSZmT6w9X-Ndf7-pk87pIL8NEvXFF2WjUnnD93RYeWTX8d93y6jcY76-QP5HmqQu8vvmL2puSS24ijKdGcOt9XV7Hh_D1GcUXDSC-m08eLX-7zVK8zGWVq_2PjgK1rsKxaHfitANt5vTlkkUqmCsMSeUo9PZUmAFPhNCO73K6bn9ekS1to/w400-h300/House%20Finch%202%20-%20Ridgewood%20Cemetery,%20N%20Andover%20-%2010-23-2022.JPG" width="400" /></a>It's been a busy 12 months as we head into the 2023 holiday season, and this blog suffered the consequences. Not that I've been lazy, mind you. Just a little distracted.</p><p>I've worked on several white paper topics for Carrier, <a href="https://www.shareddocs.com/hvac/docs/1001/Public/05/100-YEARS-CENTRIFUGAL-TECH.pdf" target="_blank">including a celebration of the 100th anniversary of the centrifugal chiller</a>. Carrier is 120 years old and reinventing itself, which is a fascinating process to watch (and cheer on).</p><p>I've also been writing for <a href="https://www.oldcolonyhistorymuseum.org/" target="_blank">the Old Colony Historical Society</a> blog. Articles include: </p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>"<a href="https://ochm.medium.com/the-horses-behaved-better-than-many-people-tauntons-fourth-of-july-d860b1ad878a" target="_blank">The Horses Behaved Better Than the People: Taunton's Fourth of July</a>" </li><li>"<a href="https://ochm.medium.com/we-talk-with-an-ai-historian-about-the-old-colony-17406f7e59ff" target="_blank">We Talk With an AI Historian About the Old Colony</a>" (in which I experimented with ChatGPT)</li><li>Three posts <a href="https://ochm.medium.com/fire-and-ice-some-calamities-of-the-old-colony-b9a41aba8745" target="_blank">here</a>, <a href="https://ochm.medium.com/fire-and-ice-some-calamities-of-the-old-colony-part-ii-dc3dff13dd3d" target="_blank">here</a>, and <a href="https://ochm.medium.com/we-talk-with-an-ai-historian-about-the-old-colony-17406f7e59ff" target="_blank">here</a> about calamities (hurricanes, fires, blizzards) that have visited the Old Colony in the last three centuries</li><li>A post about my great-uncle, "<a href="https://ochm.medium.com/charles-monroe-baker-tauntons-architect-of-big-buildings-45d7285fc660" target="_blank">Charles Monroe Baker: Taunton's Architect of Big Buildings</a>" </li><li>An article featuring Dighton, Anawan, and Plymouth Rocks called "<a href="https://ochm.medium.com/loves-me-like-a-rock-eight-old-colony-hunks-you-should-know-e37e346a9817" target="_blank">Loves Me Like a Rock: 8 Old Colony Hunks You Should Know</a>" <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjP10cYNCy0t1Ulxx2gUoiD9Re_g4mTurt0Lw8tgyKzvsyeHfZpnrg7TL5BYANjAYNjE0XGBQTCGxv_FU8ZQxBrlqaKYTVw2bmZB3LxpbfMZ1xdQNjJ7CRBle5IMijYCIus2_CMKU-4VdxIJeluqEI6QPf3SVa21YtAJln3dYHjS42Z3JcEbH-_rOMDgs8/s4608/Charles%20Baker%20-%201926%20First%20Parish%20Church,%20Framingham%205%20-%209-25-2022.JPG" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjP10cYNCy0t1Ulxx2gUoiD9Re_g4mTurt0Lw8tgyKzvsyeHfZpnrg7TL5BYANjAYNjE0XGBQTCGxv_FU8ZQxBrlqaKYTVw2bmZB3LxpbfMZ1xdQNjJ7CRBle5IMijYCIus2_CMKU-4VdxIJeluqEI6QPf3SVa21YtAJln3dYHjS42Z3JcEbH-_rOMDgs8/s320/Charles%20Baker%20-%201926%20First%20Parish%20Church,%20Framingham%205%20-%209-25-2022.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">One of Uncle Charlie Baker's most impressive buildings,<br />the First Parish Church in Framingham, MA</span></td></tr></tbody></table></li><li>A summer 2022 reading list, "<a href="https://ochm.medium.com/the-authors-of-the-old-colony-a-summer-reading-list-if-you-dare-50df1b48a476" target="_blank">The Authors of the Old Colony: A Summer Reading List (If You Dare)</a>"</li><li>And, a bit on "<a href="https://ochm.medium.com/the-golden-age-of-radio-in-the-old-colony-three-acts-2d4739160240" target="_blank">The Golden Age of Radio in the Old Colony</a>," where I got to mention another uncle, Eddie Litchfield. </li></ul><div>I also got to be an early reader of <a href="https://www.oldcolonyhistorymuseum.org/publications/#:~:text=Winding%20through%20the%20%E2%80%9COld%20Colony,empties%20into%20Mount%20Hope%20Bay." target="_blank">Bill Hanna and Katie MacDonald's nearly-published book</a>, a fascinating history of the Taunton River. It's a work of art, and I have yet to see all the archival pictures in the completed book.</div><p></p><p>Both <a href="https://www.oldcolonyhistorymuseum.org/product/king-philips-war-the-history-and-legacy-of-americas-forgotten-conflict/" target="_blank">King Philip's War</a> and <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Innovation-Tap-Entrepreneurship-Broadways-Hamilton/dp/1626346631" target="_blank">Innovation on Tap</a> book talks and speaking engagements have picked up, and that's been fun. </p><p>I've also been writing bunches of essays for our Family Tree Maker database, and one in particular to my family that summarizes fifty years of genealogical research. </p><p>I started essays on the Boxford match factory and researched ideas for three possible books, none of which panned out--<a href="https://theoccasionalceo.blogspot.com/search?q=good+work" target="_blank">but it was good work</a>.</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOqEq1dBcYqqEk64y0Q2l9-KpMNhivRPJE1q-Ao85-1faCFk3Mfe7FPTu9BnVC3C-MBHu3mwMVP8pNyQ6yJT8rfu9P2k4QKAanPl3nBpsklE8pWvh3dYZTsT8qkQGIq5E4CxwSZtNBm9EpwQldo8NX9YCgZdyj65bgGeRvLAckQCmRBbO-lkLNtPfAcxk/s1984/Theo's%20Birds%20-%20cover.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1808" data-original-width="1984" height="183" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOqEq1dBcYqqEk64y0Q2l9-KpMNhivRPJE1q-Ao85-1faCFk3Mfe7FPTu9BnVC3C-MBHu3mwMVP8pNyQ6yJT8rfu9P2k4QKAanPl3nBpsklE8pWvh3dYZTsT8qkQGIq5E4CxwSZtNBm9EpwQldo8NX9YCgZdyj65bgGeRvLAckQCmRBbO-lkLNtPfAcxk/w200-h183/Theo's%20Birds%20-%20cover.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>Oh--- I almost forgot. :) We were blessed with our first grandson, Theodore Schultz Lindquist. I have re-learned my Raffi lyrics, how to change a diaper, and where the best swings are located. It's. been. the. greatest. thing. since. the 1990s. I haven't taken Theo to Anawan Rock yet, or told him about Willis Carrier's "Rational Psychrometric Formulae" or the mistake Eli Whitney made in his cotton gin business plan, but soon. However, I did build few books for him on Shutterfly, including one to prepare him for birding.<p></p><p><a href="https://theoccasionalceo.blogspot.com/2021/07/i-got-pig-reflections-from-cutting-edge.html" target="_blank">My pig continues to behave</a>. I even met a gentleman on my last Mass Audubon trip who had a porcine valve inserted in 2008 (thirteen years before me), and he thinks he's got another five years before the pig konks out. I was hoping for a decade of steady oinks, so that news was very, very encouraging.</p><p>Our couples book club passed 22 years and 162 books, with <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Demon-Copperhead-Novel-Barbara-Kingsolver/dp/0063251922" target="_blank">Barbara Kingsolver's </a><i><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Demon-Copperhead-Novel-Barbara-Kingsolver/dp/0063251922" target="_blank">Demon Copperhead</a> </i>becoming one of my all-time favorites.</p><p>As for birding, I've hit the usual local hotspots, running my life list up to 725 species. I also </p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Traveled to <a href="https://birdsflyfree.blog/2023/10/04/block-island-a-birders-paradise/" target="_blank">Block Island with Mass Audubon earlier this month</a>, adding a Buff-breastedSandpiper and a Clay-colored Sparrow</li><li>Birded a little on Star Island (Isle of Shoals) as part of a King Philip's War book talk, getting to spend time with one of my favorite archaeologists and historians, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emerson_Baker" target="_blank">Dr. Emerson Baker</a></li><li><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0N-PpcTu4nLaQ3wPNhcK_0Uv8BG2ewMDYSP8IGr67hP1I85RbV7uppbnnAKst61otvf-JkzZEHwodIMY7h5vtxX7R9t5cfYJw76JMPyPnnySorpFOiXO1DI9jZqXquTTS4yeW4sfctDRC4B1CxwlmWRA-qI_OfUP9ghzLg4DecgcEOCptMi2-49AcYaw/s4608/IMG_0648.JPG" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0N-PpcTu4nLaQ3wPNhcK_0Uv8BG2ewMDYSP8IGr67hP1I85RbV7uppbnnAKst61otvf-JkzZEHwodIMY7h5vtxX7R9t5cfYJw76JMPyPnnySorpFOiXO1DI9jZqXquTTS4yeW4sfctDRC4B1CxwlmWRA-qI_OfUP9ghzLg4DecgcEOCptMi2-49AcYaw/s320/IMG_0648.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Bay View, August 2023, one of the<br />best handbell concerts all year</span></td></tr></tbody></table>Visited Rocky Mountain National Park last summer (while babysitting for a Taylor Swift concert) and was lucky to add a Violet-green Swallow, Mountain Chickadee, Pygmy Nuthatch, Mountain Bluebird, Western Tanager, Spotted Towhee, Black-chinned Hummingbird, and a Broad-tailed Hummingbird. That collection is big-time stuff for an Easterner!</li><li>Birded around Bay View in Petoskey, Michigan (though I am habitually three weeks late visiting Hartwick Pines to see a Kirtland Warbler), while my lovely and talented wife played handbells</li><li>And birded the Finger Lakes (including Montezuma, where we spotted a Trumpeter Swan) with a visit to Cornell's birding center last November.</li></ul><p></p><p>Here are some of my favorite bird photos taken during that period. First, from the aforementioned Finger Lakes:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguXEIxwdr5D22nA1fE41ZjJdpq22o2ZDWeChjPkfW_KRS5CCPBvGwy9WUzIaeEPSI0XeQkmJkylmJ4D9v1C6phlsjZSa3ZCpMAi30qKqTSAeKqovtaZ6srcG5QDtaAA30VvVn3l4uflWAYxu4aTgotL1QPdf2MjmgNu0emSzU_Milom9KEPPXVXi3KOHc/s4608/Bald%20Eagle%20E%20-%20Stewart%20Park%20-%2011-4-2022.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguXEIxwdr5D22nA1fE41ZjJdpq22o2ZDWeChjPkfW_KRS5CCPBvGwy9WUzIaeEPSI0XeQkmJkylmJ4D9v1C6phlsjZSa3ZCpMAi30qKqTSAeKqovtaZ6srcG5QDtaAA30VvVn3l4uflWAYxu4aTgotL1QPdf2MjmgNu0emSzU_Milom9KEPPXVXi3KOHc/w640-h480/Bald%20Eagle%20E%20-%20Stewart%20Park%20-%2011-4-2022.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTJk1j30xSeKbA5fty_fuFfYzn6JR-liCewgc9b4JCkq8fErf2Sd7XNKQsPEnIRyHQ2HYlMLKZhlht9tMe71-d9AKwa1O7wYmkiHcxEtJ0zLeY_Z5cth5rGQhuVFiuEGIdyF6nqLnmwyz5kcPcH9bCi0tFSvK1AsRY27yJQO9IBKytJCIRz9AwQB2Gyno/s3274/Northern%20Pintail%20-%20Montezuma%20Natl%20Wildlife,%20Seneca%20Falls,%20NY%20-%2011-6-2022.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2341" data-original-width="3274" height="458" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTJk1j30xSeKbA5fty_fuFfYzn6JR-liCewgc9b4JCkq8fErf2Sd7XNKQsPEnIRyHQ2HYlMLKZhlht9tMe71-d9AKwa1O7wYmkiHcxEtJ0zLeY_Z5cth5rGQhuVFiuEGIdyF6nqLnmwyz5kcPcH9bCi0tFSvK1AsRY27yJQO9IBKytJCIRz9AwQB2Gyno/w640-h458/Northern%20Pintail%20-%20Montezuma%20Natl%20Wildlife,%20Seneca%20Falls,%20NY%20-%2011-6-2022.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgh972M_8OIceJ13Fbh3KCNsapE7XnZghThwXYy6cq6mINdWVQEIwKfIyXIwdNBA-Jtw3X75-anTAEZZVJq0Oxx_VcmdJbeczrRHH27ezuAC3afyXk7KZ8HczLdUVTfJj73U_5f_rE6AkNoxfvWvtickTzf2MBbHubBpL1hEYq2zRd-hunCIt56tD9R9iE/s4608/Pileated%20Woodpecker%20B%20-%20Fuertes%20Bird%20Sanctuary,%20Ithaca,%20NY%20-%2011-4-2022.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgh972M_8OIceJ13Fbh3KCNsapE7XnZghThwXYy6cq6mINdWVQEIwKfIyXIwdNBA-Jtw3X75-anTAEZZVJq0Oxx_VcmdJbeczrRHH27ezuAC3afyXk7KZ8HczLdUVTfJj73U_5f_rE6AkNoxfvWvtickTzf2MBbHubBpL1hEYq2zRd-hunCIt56tD9R9iE/w640-h480/Pileated%20Woodpecker%20B%20-%20Fuertes%20Bird%20Sanctuary,%20Ithaca,%20NY%20-%2011-4-2022.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><span><a name='more'></a></span><div><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhm75ySyzMIMhRwE9f0DyAf5oDgbVYJpQ9fITCsjFjm34P9Wi3M5J5Sy2kfFKyBnwUJYfxHkEKFNlO_hayOWvkn1rtH1Q-bULroN7Z-XtzueEOvhe2xT336DOxRTPuFLweAqR7Kv9PTJA6p7uQhitalHMQ-7d_kCae7i0OPD5-4P2mfJiEjFg-i6E1okzc/s4608/Rusty%20Blackbird%20-%20Montezuma%20Natl%20Wildlife,%20Seneca%20Falls,%20NY%20-%2011-6-2022.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhm75ySyzMIMhRwE9f0DyAf5oDgbVYJpQ9fITCsjFjm34P9Wi3M5J5Sy2kfFKyBnwUJYfxHkEKFNlO_hayOWvkn1rtH1Q-bULroN7Z-XtzueEOvhe2xT336DOxRTPuFLweAqR7Kv9PTJA6p7uQhitalHMQ-7d_kCae7i0OPD5-4P2mfJiEjFg-i6E1okzc/w640-h480/Rusty%20Blackbird%20-%20Montezuma%20Natl%20Wildlife,%20Seneca%20Falls,%20NY%20-%2011-6-2022.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiayFb5gSEM7-GK_PCREXqMVtJZcgXr_xKmw4wPiyefjE_Vi1jsOIIC7dxAIggnybaNr-4QV_LnCZtcvBgWgivbtec-kPiEvf8-Q0nqlwtpUk0vKG3eLLi7k-CZHjot6rxeOQcL4yYZoKRFfOfGIWH-4PrxLaEfyyof6DOKNys5bo_jpIdBm_cn13bW3c/s4608/Wood%20Duck%20C%20-%20Fuertes%20Bird%20Sanctuary,%20Ithaca,%20NY%20-%2011-4-2022.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiayFb5gSEM7-GK_PCREXqMVtJZcgXr_xKmw4wPiyefjE_Vi1jsOIIC7dxAIggnybaNr-4QV_LnCZtcvBgWgivbtec-kPiEvf8-Q0nqlwtpUk0vKG3eLLi7k-CZHjot6rxeOQcL4yYZoKRFfOfGIWH-4PrxLaEfyyof6DOKNys5bo_jpIdBm_cn13bW3c/w640-h480/Wood%20Duck%20C%20-%20Fuertes%20Bird%20Sanctuary,%20Ithaca,%20NY%20-%2011-4-2022.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">And then, a stop at Cornell's lab (an amazing facility where the staff was most accommodating) and the surrounding Sapsucker Woods:</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLq4XH-oUjNkwtMRcgIi4m0XCiT00Kuo7sSq5prCU2ICGcCJw46ALiTuX5n_Kaca2Bh_YfzovZ0J3BpYM5Uz1O1iEQP1lrYmvN10MdU5GT-wUw3GJpybutRJqfJoUTWBUcBuOpvsYy0TvAgSKIsgZWl7uI3nuxMPav-m0EeDh-4_ydNDsuA6YqiDHzPQE/s4608/Cornell%20Lab,%20Ithaca,%20NY%20-%20Museum%20of%20Vertebrates%20C%20-%20Charles%20Dardia%20-%2011-4-2022.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLq4XH-oUjNkwtMRcgIi4m0XCiT00Kuo7sSq5prCU2ICGcCJw46ALiTuX5n_Kaca2Bh_YfzovZ0J3BpYM5Uz1O1iEQP1lrYmvN10MdU5GT-wUw3GJpybutRJqfJoUTWBUcBuOpvsYy0TvAgSKIsgZWl7uI3nuxMPav-m0EeDh-4_ydNDsuA6YqiDHzPQE/w640-h480/Cornell%20Lab,%20Ithaca,%20NY%20-%20Museum%20of%20Vertebrates%20C%20-%20Charles%20Dardia%20-%2011-4-2022.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5ON5K3Ee9Ty0oxnZtMvWTltyIl-pLmQzoIrXSribp0cPUNU9J8DzT8RWrMt4EYwcVfnvV06kO09pQr7Z0VsCTe1vjpW5z3jTQNgfA-nfVQdZfJiBELmH1Ik1zFKaILkV2nNX2Z2yTPJ8TKMrjDNDn5SotPG78gJ0AbojsNSJhGbbjd0fqIuUAFaVfBO0/s4608/Cornell%20Lab,%20Ithaca,%20NY%20-%20Museum%20of%20Vertebrates%20G%20-%2011-4-2022.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5ON5K3Ee9Ty0oxnZtMvWTltyIl-pLmQzoIrXSribp0cPUNU9J8DzT8RWrMt4EYwcVfnvV06kO09pQr7Z0VsCTe1vjpW5z3jTQNgfA-nfVQdZfJiBELmH1Ik1zFKaILkV2nNX2Z2yTPJ8TKMrjDNDn5SotPG78gJ0AbojsNSJhGbbjd0fqIuUAFaVfBO0/w640-h480/Cornell%20Lab,%20Ithaca,%20NY%20-%20Museum%20of%20Vertebrates%20G%20-%2011-4-2022.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAsPCCPt03ImODOXqwwgAfqJzN0bZhv_HnigYBHCAAUraB5huB7xXIXmL1kkLPqEh0QcfAsm8w4J6dOCXyufbIcxKtMwwzTylw0LYi7suasVckNdB3f6dxwbDavotWYPYaGIYpshThE2w6lpL6R_ebCrGKeZkOIn84DfpPTn_SUM97t1pa-wFWTCcZWy0/s4608/Cornell%20Lab,%20Ithaca,%20NY%20-%20Museum%20of%20Vertebrates%20I%20-%2011-4-2022.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAsPCCPt03ImODOXqwwgAfqJzN0bZhv_HnigYBHCAAUraB5huB7xXIXmL1kkLPqEh0QcfAsm8w4J6dOCXyufbIcxKtMwwzTylw0LYi7suasVckNdB3f6dxwbDavotWYPYaGIYpshThE2w6lpL6R_ebCrGKeZkOIn84DfpPTn_SUM97t1pa-wFWTCcZWy0/w640-h480/Cornell%20Lab,%20Ithaca,%20NY%20-%20Museum%20of%20Vertebrates%20I%20-%2011-4-2022.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimzaSSsXDdzn95j8kn7gt8dEzc92GkeMONa1l6703jIS7klrTQQkslkHg0XPf4Te5TFX2YL7BFSIcSCU8BZbmnXFkLb5uU13n0b7QQWTlVWjlf-WS62KWRsuOSv43vORbijx0pacXBuWUNZcf6beGmh1djYLxtObFz-AoOUQn3xSfwnjM_KKrqouqtXEI/s4608/Cornell%20Lab,%20Ithaca,%20NY%20-%20Museum%20of%20Vertebrates%20K%20-%2011-4-2022.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimzaSSsXDdzn95j8kn7gt8dEzc92GkeMONa1l6703jIS7klrTQQkslkHg0XPf4Te5TFX2YL7BFSIcSCU8BZbmnXFkLb5uU13n0b7QQWTlVWjlf-WS62KWRsuOSv43vORbijx0pacXBuWUNZcf6beGmh1djYLxtObFz-AoOUQn3xSfwnjM_KKrqouqtXEI/w640-h480/Cornell%20Lab,%20Ithaca,%20NY%20-%20Museum%20of%20Vertebrates%20K%20-%2011-4-2022.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhExmfRUxnw1go7GjI9qEuplFHnBdyLl37EgQKyNZCBmBIkpnsubhfb9WlLVBN8JQ4Sv0IEcjSAeATNrge5C-PbXSJqg9g4_NyH-Qk-b_mqp_3tpl1BZRJ5ANeOFYQ8SUcL6l_kMXAZAVTKCWK9_rxigzGjMDeeZesyj6LDWWEdMpoGavAjjwzESyAu1vM/s4608/Cornell%20Lab,%20Ithaca,%20NY%20-%20Museum%20of%20Vertebrates%20T%20-%2011-4-2022.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhExmfRUxnw1go7GjI9qEuplFHnBdyLl37EgQKyNZCBmBIkpnsubhfb9WlLVBN8JQ4Sv0IEcjSAeATNrge5C-PbXSJqg9g4_NyH-Qk-b_mqp_3tpl1BZRJ5ANeOFYQ8SUcL6l_kMXAZAVTKCWK9_rxigzGjMDeeZesyj6LDWWEdMpoGavAjjwzESyAu1vM/w640-h480/Cornell%20Lab,%20Ithaca,%20NY%20-%20Museum%20of%20Vertebrates%20T%20-%2011-4-2022.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF3IaMiHYQ7jyuJaMwaGVEd52ytw2PaJDcJS5G-t36sHq0nQyCqFfDgf0zje54pV-HD-J6rdYeXN7MGT3Fdbi6xHWv4icV5eRJD93Y2HknlaL41avcO8smMl64Q19ngPmVmWRkBC2zTVeI7pGt10IvYLoTmTcdlJ1pjdRadbMUmHJlU7iBnlzbOBPO42w/s4608/Cornell%20Lab,%20Ithaca,%20NY%20-%20Museum%20of%20Vertebrates%20ZA%20-%2011-4-2022.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF3IaMiHYQ7jyuJaMwaGVEd52ytw2PaJDcJS5G-t36sHq0nQyCqFfDgf0zje54pV-HD-J6rdYeXN7MGT3Fdbi6xHWv4icV5eRJD93Y2HknlaL41avcO8smMl64Q19ngPmVmWRkBC2zTVeI7pGt10IvYLoTmTcdlJ1pjdRadbMUmHJlU7iBnlzbOBPO42w/w640-h480/Cornell%20Lab,%20Ithaca,%20NY%20-%20Museum%20of%20Vertebrates%20ZA%20-%2011-4-2022.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Yes, these two are Ivory-billed Woodpeckers.</div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0juaKEA0-tDSc6XKIfCJrKYcQ3u6Qhk7i4TYIIY9yA5Grv2V986U4x4oGlp8HGPAx7zFhJxuGOTJ0-p3O3L3MlBQAjjGbPLcDNjG_fUsENtlYJwl_8tqoHfTHg2XwdP3FoWMa5cdism5BMXxvuI6zns7XD-uncK1HazNywVs55nnIq5QGRFomQptthYo/s4608/Cornell%20Lab,%20Ithaca,%20NY%20B%20-%2011-4-2022.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0juaKEA0-tDSc6XKIfCJrKYcQ3u6Qhk7i4TYIIY9yA5Grv2V986U4x4oGlp8HGPAx7zFhJxuGOTJ0-p3O3L3MlBQAjjGbPLcDNjG_fUsENtlYJwl_8tqoHfTHg2XwdP3FoWMa5cdism5BMXxvuI6zns7XD-uncK1HazNywVs55nnIq5QGRFomQptthYo/w640-h480/Cornell%20Lab,%20Ithaca,%20NY%20B%20-%2011-4-2022.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_hyphenhyphenQHSDiZAeyr03O-yt27LHfd6jqoAEuKsr-az3ZRO0WNXHu-XiP0q22YwerdtrS86OsvCuMTvQsxgi3PquDl74KQVIQs6LiycdHRvBRm8S6ekk_7lcprkknaSPCnizUmqKhJr5N15FXfsElBMQDcidQrWXZhZ-65t-SPy9e-8WnDfeJCaQ_5NKcP8Rk/s4608/Cornell%20Lab,%20Ithaca,%20NY%20E-%2011-4-2022.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_hyphenhyphenQHSDiZAeyr03O-yt27LHfd6jqoAEuKsr-az3ZRO0WNXHu-XiP0q22YwerdtrS86OsvCuMTvQsxgi3PquDl74KQVIQs6LiycdHRvBRm8S6ekk_7lcprkknaSPCnizUmqKhJr5N15FXfsElBMQDcidQrWXZhZ-65t-SPy9e-8WnDfeJCaQ_5NKcP8Rk/w640-h480/Cornell%20Lab,%20Ithaca,%20NY%20E-%2011-4-2022.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8K6SxMxiAkblVaVzmmBcVUQZhiqx9TQXk9cmbGSevZvRouFzAu9naeKhMN1KPP4LB58rnU-bruE1_yV5RyG-prQSxMEF17j4arnxx7KkYi71T8RsQ8VfSNU8LGyfDG0pvfDyBzEPBD_E5NBC0JtrLRV-e4kZrnsE2-eI1IR-dYRTl6XJ42IweOG59hcw/s2119/Eric%20Schultz%20B%20-%20Cornell%20Ornithology%20Lab,%20Ithaca,%20NY%20-%2011-4-2022.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1514" data-original-width="2119" height="458" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8K6SxMxiAkblVaVzmmBcVUQZhiqx9TQXk9cmbGSevZvRouFzAu9naeKhMN1KPP4LB58rnU-bruE1_yV5RyG-prQSxMEF17j4arnxx7KkYi71T8RsQ8VfSNU8LGyfDG0pvfDyBzEPBD_E5NBC0JtrLRV-e4kZrnsE2-eI1IR-dYRTl6XJ42IweOG59hcw/w640-h458/Eric%20Schultz%20B%20-%20Cornell%20Ornithology%20Lab,%20Ithaca,%20NY%20-%2011-4-2022.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">And here are my most recent bird photos in the order that they appear on my hard drive, July 2022 to early this month, more or less:<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPO2LcZfQLNVeE7a2T4pCLiRnjIlQ5cbPHZEJkFjivbfnjF9cFh2VbRiXgcO3RTuupyHXqa8p9JXBqrPJXoM85FBYynRa6cF1-peaGw5QaHziaF9ncmQ9nbAyxjmlPdsi_EK2yR5i2y6DprnVxWkHVO13IZya188RseeGKH3aOhxuOSRTNh48Yz0OyVA0/s4078/Yellow%20Warbler%202%20-%20Lowell%20Cemetery%20-%205-21-2023.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2917" data-original-width="4078" height="458" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPO2LcZfQLNVeE7a2T4pCLiRnjIlQ5cbPHZEJkFjivbfnjF9cFh2VbRiXgcO3RTuupyHXqa8p9JXBqrPJXoM85FBYynRa6cF1-peaGw5QaHziaF9ncmQ9nbAyxjmlPdsi_EK2yR5i2y6DprnVxWkHVO13IZya188RseeGKH3aOhxuOSRTNh48Yz0OyVA0/w640-h458/Yellow%20Warbler%202%20-%20Lowell%20Cemetery%20-%205-21-2023.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQdvytVju2RG06i4s7cf2C8TfO61045IIzNY9glJjQsJYJXeH0dt8RsjRuoyUrjcLqLXeBzt3Gzdrdn9bbAwwU2SEVV2disSlLm5EpkuAY51KHsRWOe18IcblW6Bjr1k8QLrpa3oLoV6ViRnfDycCYM_N3eO57SkHHcjw2GggKSszYfNHFp8_tKnUAXkc/s4608/Willett%20C%20-%20Treasure%20Island,%20FL%20-%204-13-2023.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQdvytVju2RG06i4s7cf2C8TfO61045IIzNY9glJjQsJYJXeH0dt8RsjRuoyUrjcLqLXeBzt3Gzdrdn9bbAwwU2SEVV2disSlLm5EpkuAY51KHsRWOe18IcblW6Bjr1k8QLrpa3oLoV6ViRnfDycCYM_N3eO57SkHHcjw2GggKSszYfNHFp8_tKnUAXkc/w640-h480/Willett%20C%20-%20Treasure%20Island,%20FL%20-%204-13-2023.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0CFVYMaSai4JoBvAsmGquq0D6jcGempi1ravJN9V1Ts2E858QN5TPuwEDV_T-PHoXuj6DRa9jp0o1rxcA2OovWKjLe0nz8EwCmA4_nqkdZN_I9-7TC-8z89nHpnD40gzQsehxnHhFp4d3HUAS1StJmkR7SFDuV_hhUdHoMb1syF97SdRKAysE8njqSdQ/s4608/White-throated%20Warbler%20-%20Ipswich%20Audubon%20-%204-15-2023.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0CFVYMaSai4JoBvAsmGquq0D6jcGempi1ravJN9V1Ts2E858QN5TPuwEDV_T-PHoXuj6DRa9jp0o1rxcA2OovWKjLe0nz8EwCmA4_nqkdZN_I9-7TC-8z89nHpnD40gzQsehxnHhFp4d3HUAS1StJmkR7SFDuV_hhUdHoMb1syF97SdRKAysE8njqSdQ/w640-h480/White-throated%20Warbler%20-%20Ipswich%20Audubon%20-%204-15-2023.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjInuutlPkFxB2sd8ZSI1XsE18xZ4lzgseX-EsIPdjNbiauFal8J67sExyhfL1wAeMGiLizdg2dxU2nRgRkHKwNaJldYOvZ9El_RF-i7RyYdhnH6WAP6_0_UATy-P8KHXC96DXpmfrXKBzrEVdS2XpkBHH_2on3mvKnsB-nRjAjAj_zCNwuJbWVmr54xak/s4608/White-breasted%20Nuthatch%20-%20Herrick%20Road%20Xmas%20Tree%20Farm%20-%204-25-2023.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjInuutlPkFxB2sd8ZSI1XsE18xZ4lzgseX-EsIPdjNbiauFal8J67sExyhfL1wAeMGiLizdg2dxU2nRgRkHKwNaJldYOvZ9El_RF-i7RyYdhnH6WAP6_0_UATy-P8KHXC96DXpmfrXKBzrEVdS2XpkBHH_2on3mvKnsB-nRjAjAj_zCNwuJbWVmr54xak/w640-h480/White-breasted%20Nuthatch%20-%20Herrick%20Road%20Xmas%20Tree%20Farm%20-%204-25-2023.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXYErdfW8k5mqKxDuHmevJydhuTc_YI26Pn_0plZ3BxOQSTRZJwr6gTZJz_uf_m48maYIAzmPoFrRDcnH0mFGRrI9lCnx_j_49gh0BQLIHjK-ZMk49wkFYclowRrdmRESHdIqJYFgzIh-MrH9oiIlrdhzGsK2DnrKUu_8KBwOyJz10yVuQDDZww7xWu_o/s4154/Tree%20Swallows%20-%20Veasey%20Park,%20Groveland%20-%205-17-2023.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2972" data-original-width="4154" height="458" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXYErdfW8k5mqKxDuHmevJydhuTc_YI26Pn_0plZ3BxOQSTRZJwr6gTZJz_uf_m48maYIAzmPoFrRDcnH0mFGRrI9lCnx_j_49gh0BQLIHjK-ZMk49wkFYclowRrdmRESHdIqJYFgzIh-MrH9oiIlrdhzGsK2DnrKUu_8KBwOyJz10yVuQDDZww7xWu_o/w640-h458/Tree%20Swallows%20-%20Veasey%20Park,%20Groveland%20-%205-17-2023.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHngs2i8Oo2IfMCKhX26lBcWFevtYDQwaUF7_ftTnVHdeJT5FOR5QNq44t3yqe_xyxiZPrlX7nNniTzklABwYSntKc_wGQJEq_clPYkBawawLPnZohsECNA9P_4j2rSqxzwp3JW0jWeXAGikFxNaQq6rQbAz_ycuhYETrr9eo2t-TJFhYppgONQd5Bwqo/s4608/Tree%20Sparrow%20-%20Ipswich%20Audubon%20-%204-15-2023.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; 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margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_wvyOpkSsW3-JJdvMftzRz88vuIQUHJuafOpz6bKFRO01Iz_aGw4IanOBZQP7I0wixcww0Zvu6IYocwCkU14LoOZTU3ICBId42-D-HNDYj_l7kspJYbo3R32ylNKFeRGwhDZNUUuGRkQ63w3uRBIrFmFcQIWSYnPyo15HJGSiQkDIb2taDB2Ow3RLfOE/w640-h480/Carolina%20Wren%202%20-%20Boxford%20-%209-10-2023.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiELhu7WomgvGtSl2MM-TjkqRkKgKRUVvT9aLkS4RfRjMTdon6dNhlUZmv-eBsXPsFVthIozPZZsRUQX81TM1-jqEP-AFA0rcy3N0BP7VMohATEzZcuu2QwHvf0pXkBU26jdzsXQQA8tv_RUweWdVgbWXN7Y53nsPljRCBuHBdRr6PrY0qGbiOHOuPOcOU/s4608/Herring%20Gull%203%20-%20Star%20Island%20-%208-28-2023.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiELhu7WomgvGtSl2MM-TjkqRkKgKRUVvT9aLkS4RfRjMTdon6dNhlUZmv-eBsXPsFVthIozPZZsRUQX81TM1-jqEP-AFA0rcy3N0BP7VMohATEzZcuu2QwHvf0pXkBU26jdzsXQQA8tv_RUweWdVgbWXN7Y53nsPljRCBuHBdRr6PrY0qGbiOHOuPOcOU/w640-h480/Herring%20Gull%203%20-%20Star%20Island%20-%208-28-2023.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwQwRfuLBUUiLZVLNG0Uud2MMcftrXwORoFALpvaXIWvFyGOk0GZ3foNmPA7gLfXSku5pmBTEsl3nSpC-u0SAretaAWGf658feJS4oy8r9cgurwUyIoQMr1QOHE30AdeBMNgb3gjEIU_6yf9zIkb_L6CuBMr-N3-C556E6MHWzzXQ8-ohxwVQl0-whEsc/s4608/Tree%20Swallow%20-%20Star%20Island%20-8-28-2023.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3296" data-original-width="4608" height="458" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwQwRfuLBUUiLZVLNG0Uud2MMcftrXwORoFALpvaXIWvFyGOk0GZ3foNmPA7gLfXSku5pmBTEsl3nSpC-u0SAretaAWGf658feJS4oy8r9cgurwUyIoQMr1QOHE30AdeBMNgb3gjEIU_6yf9zIkb_L6CuBMr-N3-C556E6MHWzzXQ8-ohxwVQl0-whEsc/w640-h458/Tree%20Swallow%20-%20Star%20Island%20-8-28-2023.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">We're moving into fall now. Cooler temperatures. Pumpkins. Vince Guaraldi. The Topsfield Fair (today). An amazing Thanksgiving planned. The best time of the year. A 40th wedding anniversary arrives in less than a year. And the 350th anniversary of King Philip's War is just around the corner. Lots and bells and birds, rocks and centrifugal chillers, and lots of swinging and building snowmen to be done between now and then.</div><br /><p><br /></p><span><!--more--></span><span><!--more--></span><span><!--more--></span>Eric B. Schultzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03169391149462048777noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7279240094159602471.post-71394778081172524652023-03-19T09:07:00.002-04:002023-03-19T09:21:57.417-04:00After This, Nothing Will Be the Same (Dick Fosbury RIP)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizQv_xpLKmbHtGCSppg1PYG-xw_OOTLI-GCFh8e3lDj60U5WkWkjDDhyphenhyphenyTzJAYBJXO-RyA4tjW9eSeUjLwYIvn1gTPzzL6qhdl_rsTAwcstIaf6VMbkZMrU8KjPkE5xN7Ea8NR2RFRu-0/s1600/fosbury+flop.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="251" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizQv_xpLKmbHtGCSppg1PYG-xw_OOTLI-GCFh8e3lDj60U5WkWkjDDhyphenhyphenyTzJAYBJXO-RyA4tjW9eSeUjLwYIvn1gTPzzL6qhdl_rsTAwcstIaf6VMbkZMrU8KjPkE5xN7Ea8NR2RFRu-0/s320/fosbury+flop.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><i>I first posted this piece on March 15, 2020. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/13/sports/olympics/dick-fosbury-dead.html">We lost Dick Fosbury recently</a>, so I am reposting in his honor. There are very few "singularities" in sports, a moment when there is a clear before and after. Babe Ruth's home runs. Seth Curry's 3-point shooting. Dick Fosbury's Flop. RIP.</i><div><br /></div><div>Remember Dick Fosbury? In 1967 he was ranked the 61<sup>st</sup> best high-jumper in the
world. At the Olympics in Mexico City
the following year, he cleared the bar at 7 feet 4.25 inches and won the gold
medal.<br />
<br />
He did it with a style so
different from the traditional "western straddle" that it came to be called<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s9yzHEx2qcU" target="_blank"> the Fosbury Flop</a>. People laughed. Coaches watched in
disbelief. One newspaper described it as
going over the bar "like a guy being pushed out of a 30-story window."<br />
<br />
Today, you cannot find a world-class high jumper who doesn't
do the Fosbury Flop. One moment it was
one thing; the next, it would never be the same.<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<a name='more'></a>In 2000, if someone on a commercial airline caused trouble, most of us let the flight attendants handle things. Since 9/11, however, if someone causes trouble on a plane, passengers respond with force and duct tape, and without hesitation. One day
changed everything.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Our parents and grandparents saw the first black baseball player in Major League Baseball (<a href="https://www.amazon.com/Innovation-Tap-Entrepreneurship-Broadways-Hamilton/dp/1626346631" target="_blank">a chapter in <i>Innovation on Tap</i>)</a>; today, it is impossible to conceive of baseball as a segregated sport. </div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Before McDonald's launched the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McMuffin" target="_blank">Egg McMuffin</a> in 1972, we all ate breakfast at home. And before Starbucks, we drank coffee there, too.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5-EYGjol5v7wgOs2YH9WlZnN2HoWfGPGUUV0-q96O5MzAJqu2uWVFOk6DFUvJBSkQsgxBexYqOz-HewjNYryey3C5ytfJhDCXYvxvE1k92fRpcLqEV0UTsGtyZjtw3CGuWQGjnW5zynw/s1600/chess-game-2427312_960_720.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="504" data-original-width="960" height="168" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5-EYGjol5v7wgOs2YH9WlZnN2HoWfGPGUUV0-q96O5MzAJqu2uWVFOk6DFUvJBSkQsgxBexYqOz-HewjNYryey3C5ytfJhDCXYvxvE1k92fRpcLqEV0UTsGtyZjtw3CGuWQGjnW5zynw/s320/chess-game-2427312_960_720.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
In 1996, <a href="https://mashable.com/2016/02/10/kasparov-deep-blue/" target="_blank">IBM's DeepBlue became the first computer to ever win a game against the reigning WorldChess Champion</a> under tournament conditions. Before that, nobody thought a computer could
ever beat a Grandmaster. Today, nobody believes a Grandmaster will ever beat a machine again. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
We are still being shaped by the Recession of 2008. Its<a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2017/12/great-recession-still-with-us/547268/" target="_blank"> unforeseen consequences</a> include declining fertility rates and increased morbidity. Last week, when a Nor'easter threatened New England, I was in the grocery store with a bunch of other Baby Boomers madly buying milk and bread. Just like we failed to do <a href="https://ochm.medium.com/fire-and-ice-some-calamities-of-the-old-colony-part-ii-dc3dff13dd3d">before the Blizzard of '78</a>. For lots of older New Englanders, there's a <i>before </i>February 1978 and an <i>after.</i><br />
<br />
Now we are facing a global pandemic. I joked on LinkedIn the other day that this would be good news for home athletic equipment manufacturers and jig-saw puzzle makers. Maybe marriage counselors. My friend, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Isenberg">Dan Isenberg</a>, wondered if there would be a baby-bump nine months from now--what some have called the "Coronalets." Introverts have found that what they thought was a weakness, social distancing, turns out to be a life-saving strength. Companies that have resisted telecommuting for years may find it to be a useful organizational tool after all.<br />
<br />
But those are the easy ones, the obvious predictions. The truth is, none of us can guess what the long-term implications of the pandemic will be. Only recall the first time Dick Fosbury did his flop: After this, nothing will be the same.</div>
</div>Eric B. Schultzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03169391149462048777noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7279240094159602471.post-77223233192886869002023-03-06T10:51:00.000-05:002023-03-06T10:51:48.313-05:00New Local History Posts for Old Colony Historical Museum<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1Lhb4gm_Ug0Usc7aT3917EfG_QW21U_XrIo1lhb6loaNbdruW0SK_4YfGC0sIIekSAo-_Cy13vr2ZJ0tkx524N0jj25qo0jhr7jPnatP2NHP99jrh_f1vdRR3PFamWJdLWPVG-8CwUWiGQZe5Rq9pH0tbC0WEO3LsFo2GR98uh1iwJqdarl1w6jQP/s4608/Old%20Colony%20History%20Museum,%20Taunton.JPG" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1Lhb4gm_Ug0Usc7aT3917EfG_QW21U_XrIo1lhb6loaNbdruW0SK_4YfGC0sIIekSAo-_Cy13vr2ZJ0tkx524N0jj25qo0jhr7jPnatP2NHP99jrh_f1vdRR3PFamWJdLWPVG-8CwUWiGQZe5Rq9pH0tbC0WEO3LsFo2GR98uh1iwJqdarl1w6jQP/s320/Old%20Colony%20History%20Museum,%20Taunton.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>For local history fans, I have six articles posted on Old Colony's "Medium" site, which (I think and hope) can be easily accessed. <div><br /></div><div>The first, posted in July 2022, is <a href="https://ochm.medium.com/the-golden-age-of-radio-in-the-old-colony-three-acts-2d4739160240">The Golden Age of Radio in the Old Colony (Three Acts)</a>. Not only is it a fun re-telling of the roots of commercial radio in the United States, but it's also a shout-out to my Uncle Eddie Litchfield, who was the voice of WPEP for 40 years. <div><p>The second article, posted in August 2022, is <a href="https://ochm.medium.com/the-authors-of-the-old-colony-a-summer-reading-list-if-you-dare-50df1b48a476">The Authors of the Old Colony: A Summer Reading List (If You Dare)</a>. I don't usually traffic in listicles so thought I'd try my hand. The line-up includes a little history, a little poetry, some biography, and even true crime. (What says summer reading like Lizzie Borden and forty whacks?)</p><p>The third post, from October 2022, is <a href="https://ochm.medium.com/loves-me-like-a-rock-eight-old-colony-hunks-you-should-know-e37e346a9817">Loves Me Like a Rock: Eight Old Colony Hunks You Should Know</a>. Counting backward, #3 is Anawan Rock and #2 Dighton Rock. I'll let you guess #1.</p><p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnvKbXS-ix4BMBuNdhVxVAFjhTcWtKjmlOBziIk-ueCkJdUbeyyJv80-vBzOoVqUJjxfjHHQiEHkNUYMDdWzE92xoL75ToyuL__F3KnVq3Y-owiglEME1SnTRd0qpoTgG-TASCnO-jt473D5VIXaWm8T3umcUo8ZjfCqbyF5Vk9qwH1qHAI0CjQWDz/s4608/Charles%20Baker%20-%201926%20First%20Parish%20Church,%20Framingham%205%20-%209-25-2022.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnvKbXS-ix4BMBuNdhVxVAFjhTcWtKjmlOBziIk-ueCkJdUbeyyJv80-vBzOoVqUJjxfjHHQiEHkNUYMDdWzE92xoL75ToyuL__F3KnVq3Y-owiglEME1SnTRd0qpoTgG-TASCnO-jt473D5VIXaWm8T3umcUo8ZjfCqbyF5Vk9qwH1qHAI0CjQWDz/s320/Charles%20Baker%20-%201926%20First%20Parish%20Church,%20Framingham%205%20-%209-25-2022.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Uncle Charlie's First Parish Church (1926)<br />in Framingham, MA</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br />In December 2022, Old Colony posted <a href="https://medium.com/@ochm/charles-monroe-baker-tauntons-architect-of-big-buildings-45d7285fc660">Charles Monroe Baker: Taunton's Architect of Large Buildings.</a> My great Uncle Charlie died before I was born, but he left a legacy of beautiful buildings all over eastern Massachusetts. My grandmother told me once that "Uncle Charlie was not a true Baker, as he always tried to preserve the amenities." I'll leave the implications of that comment to your imagination.</p><p>My two most recent posts are the first two parts of a three-part series called <i>Fire and Ice: Some Calamities of the Old Colony.</i> <a href="https://ochm.medium.com/fire-and-ice-some-calamities-of-the-old-colony-b9a41aba8745">Part one is all about famous fires</a>, including Brockton's Strand Theatre Fire and the Myles Standish State Forest Fire in 1964. <a href="https://medium.com/@ochm/fire-and-ice-some-calamities-of-the-old-colony-part-ii-dc3dff13dd3d">Part two focuses on famous snowstorms</a>, including the Blizzard of '78.</p><div>As you browse other Old Colony posts on <i>Medium</i>, you'll find all kinds of interesting history articles from Katie MacDonald (on <a href="https://ochm.medium.com/growing-local-history-the-ochm-garden-27388742e4b5">how museums can be redefined </a>in the 21st century) and Dr. William Hanna, including one on <a href="https://ochm.medium.com/defending-the-homeland-nike-missile-sites-in-southeastern-massachusetts-8f7dd13f18f">local Nike Missle sites</a>, the <a href="https://ochm.medium.com/basely-murthered-the-shocking-death-of-elizabeth-mckinstry-2523d6849e45">death of Elizabeth McKinstry</a> (at the future St. Thomas rectory), and <a href="https://ochm.medium.com/reverend-samuel-hopkins-emery-and-the-worlds-greatest-showman-b80238ed2630">the Reverend Samuel Hopkins Emery</a>, who was born in Boxford but made his name in Taunton.</div><div><p><span></span></p><a name='more'></a>The Old Colony website can be found <a href="https://www.oldcolonyhistorymuseum.org/">here</a>. And if you visit in person, it's got some terrific artifacts from King Philip's War (my weakness, of course).<p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkARkZtUuc7F-fdrpU8S0uIG0csmVRQ2cc6aanzJoVh2ackOTXbDYdlhdB1m9RD2dbGyz2DC9VwxfCIICwhww2eivFZjvbl65BUvgdnouT5J4R2yAFNXGVhxcGz9a27d8E7KqRWN2PIcJpS2yPEKAaStMY-iTrE0hx-FfXGcCet3Yc5viSQ31xfI0L/s4608/Old%20Colony%20Museum%20-Thompson%20Long%20Gun%20-%20Taunton,%20MA%20-2-23-22.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkARkZtUuc7F-fdrpU8S0uIG0csmVRQ2cc6aanzJoVh2ackOTXbDYdlhdB1m9RD2dbGyz2DC9VwxfCIICwhww2eivFZjvbl65BUvgdnouT5J4R2yAFNXGVhxcGz9a27d8E7KqRWN2PIcJpS2yPEKAaStMY-iTrE0hx-FfXGcCet3Yc5viSQ31xfI0L/w640-h480/Old%20Colony%20Museum%20-Thompson%20Long%20Gun%20-%20Taunton,%20MA%20-2-23-22.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Thompson Long Gun</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOLGG1o_EfIrNeH9poP5W1Jm1nmI0K24_7zGE4Xh58JFdGmmj06Kj7n0WOSQaUIlf1f34HPdA5M02jr7rud9NL9HnpTO7SG0m0iy240BQ6UG94MNbLQj8iyB_1tTFsVBktOUJ2u4tPAqQ4GXem25wpyapgmWv9F8xFE_8lZEZzvHCS4pPtWSkLq3SS/s4608/Bobet%20Stone%20-%20Old%20Colony%20Historical%20Museum%20-%20January%202022.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOLGG1o_EfIrNeH9poP5W1Jm1nmI0K24_7zGE4Xh58JFdGmmj06Kj7n0WOSQaUIlf1f34HPdA5M02jr7rud9NL9HnpTO7SG0m0iy240BQ6UG94MNbLQj8iyB_1tTFsVBktOUJ2u4tPAqQ4GXem25wpyapgmWv9F8xFE_8lZEZzvHCS4pPtWSkLq3SS/w640-h480/Bobet%20Stone%20-%20Old%20Colony%20Historical%20Museum%20-%20January%202022.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Bobet Stone</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><p><br /></p></div></div></div>Eric B. Schultzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03169391149462048777noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7279240094159602471.post-56373953990046159062023-03-05T19:21:00.005-05:002023-03-05T20:13:37.749-05:00The Day Music Was Invented: April 4, 1969<p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4SMKYCaNhw6qO0afhPH46jGZAuGRD7qqkP0J3xMvicYSv8QSmQdsV1bOU9AC111uKsVKjLpvmr5d8Y_DhM718ttCdyPjVFrjoadc0p-cQhcDWOBK_SdQC2a0Q5I8CDnbmWJIe6ZhXUdyxOROwibApmRAC39dy89dzV2v90fK1yJ4vG8bDD7o3fmw-/s316/CTA_album.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="316" data-original-width="316" height="316" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4SMKYCaNhw6qO0afhPH46jGZAuGRD7qqkP0J3xMvicYSv8QSmQdsV1bOU9AC111uKsVKjLpvmr5d8Y_DhM718ttCdyPjVFrjoadc0p-cQhcDWOBK_SdQC2a0Q5I8CDnbmWJIe6ZhXUdyxOROwibApmRAC39dy89dzV2v90fK1yJ4vG8bDD7o3fmw-/s1600/CTA_album.jpg" width="316" /></a></div>It's the 50th anniversary of a string of albums that have made up about half of my listening over the last 50 years. I doubt that fact reflects well on me, but I don't care. I'm now at a place in life where an artist can receive a Grammy for "Lifetime Achievement," and I have not heard any of his or her music. Not a song. Can you hear me, Dr. Wu? I. don't. care. :) Forthwith, my tongue-in-cheek tribute to the music of my life.<p></p><p class="MsoNormal">+++++++++++++++++++++++</p><p class="MsoNormal">Nothing much had happened in the music world before the spring
of 1969. </p><p class="MsoNormal">A bunch of guys with long hair fiddled around with harpsichords sometime
between Rome and the steam engine. And then a bunch of guys with beards fiddled
around with saxophones. I think some guys with guitars sang. Something like
that.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Anyway, music was invented on April 4, 1969 when a band
called the Chicago Transit Authority released its first album.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">There followed a flood that barely lasted a decade. Nothing
much has happened since 1979—since September 24, 1979, to be exact, when the Eagles
released <i>The Long Run</i>.<span></span></p><a name='more'></a><o:p></o:p><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">In between those two albums came <i>Chicago</i> (Jan 26, 1970), <i>Little
Feat </i>(Jan 1971), <i>Chicago III</i> (Jan 11, 1971), <i>Chicago at Carnegie Hall</i> (Oct 25,
1971), <i>Paul Simon </i>(Jan 24, 1972), <i>Sailin’ Shoes</i> (Little Feat, Feb 1972), <i>The
Eagles</i> (June 1, 1972), <i>Chicago V</i> (July 10, 1972), and Steely Dan’s debut, <i>Can’t
Buy a Thrill</i> (Nov 1972).<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">If the world had ended then, all would have been well. But there
was more. It was called 1973.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">It included Little Feat’s <i>Dixie Chicken</i> (Jan 15, 1973), The
Eagle’s <i>Desperado</i> (April 17, 1973), <i>There Goes Rhymin’ Simon</i> (May 7, 1973), <i>Chicago
VI</i> (June 25, 1973), and Steely Dan’s <i>Countdown to Ecstasy</i> (July 1973), which happened
to have the best single ever recorded, “My Old School.”<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoo0Lw5XkHgL4QJl2nc6AA6Cm7Vvvw_0SCMgL_fnasUVkA4ZGD3LduRluwveuVvKIt-YGi1a1nKI1hVZi8l0hguOWnczaj_k5Y1TSjllyStIsYs5LKb4-RhjKflDGikBAnevz3i-CfJOL09LkNCwinbyNjC-RSfVkTPiyRRvXRosfgIHedKk3LKCOc/s300/countdown.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="300" data-original-width="300" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoo0Lw5XkHgL4QJl2nc6AA6Cm7Vvvw_0SCMgL_fnasUVkA4ZGD3LduRluwveuVvKIt-YGi1a1nKI1hVZi8l0hguOWnczaj_k5Y1TSjllyStIsYs5LKb4-RhjKflDGikBAnevz3i-CfJOL09LkNCwinbyNjC-RSfVkTPiyRRvXRosfgIHedKk3LKCOc/s1600/countdown.jpg" width="300" /></a></div>Yeh, yeh. <i>Dark Side of the Moon</i>. Got it. Made no sense until
I heard it with <i>Wizard of Oz. </i>Good movie, though.<o:p></o:p><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">To kick off 1974, the Dan released <i>Pretzel Logic </i>(Feb 25,
1974), the Eagles <i>On the Border </i>(Mar 22, 1974), a supergroup called <i>Souther Hillman
Furay </i>(SHF) their debut album (1974), and Little Feat’s <i>Feats Don’t Fail Me Now</i>
(Aug 9, 1974). SHF played one spring weekend at Brown and already didn’t seem
like they liked each other much. But it was real music.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Halfway through the decade, Steely Dan dropped <i>Katy Lied</i>
(Mar 1975), and you could feel the music teeter, the flood begin to ebb. Alas. Same
with The Eagles’ <i>One of These Nights</i> (June 10, 1975), Paul Simon’s <i>Still Crazy
After All These Years </i>(Oct 6, 1975) and Souther Hillman Furay’s second album, <i>Trouble
in Paradise</i> (1975). SHF imploded. It was David Geffen's concoction that thought it wanted to be the next Crosby, Stills, and Nash when it really should have
wanted to be the next Eagles.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">One bright spot of 1975: <i>Fleetwood Mac</i> (July 11, 1975). I
have my college roommate, Glenn Stewart, to thank for bringing that album into
the dorm. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">If things stopped there, plus some Talking Heads and maybe
the Police, we would all have been just fine. Steely Dan started to go all jazzy
with <i>The Royal Scam </i>(May 31, 1976) and <i>Aja </i>(Sept. 23, 1977) before jumping the
shark completely with <i>Gaucho</i>. The Eagles gave us <i>Hotel California</i> (Dec 8, 1976)
and would have put “How Long” (the second-best song ever recorded) on the album
if J.D. Souther hadn’t written it.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEcwigrxBgVUin9nvtMNT4c1rEHQ7W4hyWNrWGfq2nEjUIX_MwycEg6ENLDc8CPvRiBgUwZNdmAoINN6P9HdMDQfb2x6dl4m5XNs08tGEALTmcRqY7XHq6O0WMA1AWiaZOCvb2DcrCCcnrVd7tOn1Z2z_cz5z2Mvgr4Sw__0lel9KDC-bh-0Ed5uYk/s316/Fleetwood_Mac_-_Fleetwood_Mac_(1975).png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="316" data-original-width="316" height="316" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEcwigrxBgVUin9nvtMNT4c1rEHQ7W4hyWNrWGfq2nEjUIX_MwycEg6ENLDc8CPvRiBgUwZNdmAoINN6P9HdMDQfb2x6dl4m5XNs08tGEALTmcRqY7XHq6O0WMA1AWiaZOCvb2DcrCCcnrVd7tOn1Z2z_cz5z2Mvgr4Sw__0lel9KDC-bh-0Ed5uYk/s1600/Fleetwood_Mac_-_Fleetwood_Mac_(1975).png" width="316" /></a></div><br />Fleetwood Mac closed the flood with <i>Rumors</i> (Feb 4, 1977) and
the Eagles with the aforementioned <i>The Long Run</i> (Sept 24, 1979). That same
month, Elton John released his disco monstrosity, <i>Victim of Love</i>, and the earth
shook, the sky fell, and music ended.<o:p></o:p><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p><p>It was a brilliant decade, barely, and never to be repeated. </p>Eric B. Schultzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03169391149462048777noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7279240094159602471.post-90206284540396437722023-02-19T08:39:00.003-05:002023-02-19T19:04:49.840-05:00Gone But Not Forgotten: Dave Rossi (1957-2003)<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgh8AcqhDOumAAXWyp5AIKqUobCHKvaMG5IGsDJz1xfAQFG6uQfNIRaApvMyK3jatbE3x_4nyn7DfHTYUxAWEUPlhB_7oeC1JY6Eiq8ERw1CRRLkPFKUJ-jUWegl3IOzzQ9Kl0fomjQYhk/s1600/00234_p_12a011twax0205_edited-1.jpg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="228" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgh8AcqhDOumAAXWyp5AIKqUobCHKvaMG5IGsDJz1xfAQFG6uQfNIRaApvMyK3jatbE3x_4nyn7DfHTYUxAWEUPlhB_7oeC1JY6Eiq8ERw1CRRLkPFKUJ-jUWegl3IOzzQ9Kl0fomjQYhk/s320/00234_p_12a011twax0205_edited-1.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Our baby with her godfather (Jan 1996)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>We lost <a href="http://old.post-gazette.com/obituaries/20030220rossi4.asp">David Rossi</a> 20 years ago today. It's a good time to crank up the <a href="https://www.museumofthegulfcoast.org/isaac-payton-sweat">Isaac Payton Sweat</a>.<br />
<br />
Dave grew up outside Pittsburgh and studied Chemistry at the University of Pittsburgh. His name is inscribed in the Omicron Delta Kappa Walk, a stone path between the Cathedral of Learning and Heinz Chapel, in honor of being named Senior of the Year in 1979.<br />
<br />
I had the great misfortune to meet Dave when Pitt won the national championship, the Pirates won the World Series, and the Steelers won the Super Bowl. All at once. He was humble and softspoken, but not about his "City of Champions."<br />
<br />
We roomed together in Brooklyn Heights, and both worked our first "real" jobs for the Chase Manhattan Bank, taking the subway each morning under the East River to the basement of Chase Manhattan Plaza. Our training floor included 200 recent college grads from all over the country, and we fell in with a great group of friends whose mission was to discover Manhattan. <div><br /></div><div>Since many of our colleagues lived on the Upper West Side, Dave decided that he and I had to purchase "crazy hats" so we could ride the 7th Avenue Line without trouble in the wee hours of the morning back to Brooklyn Heights. "Wear it low, look crazy, and never make eye contact," he told me. Good advice.</div><div><br /></div><div>We thought it would be fun to celebrate New Year's Eve 1980 in Times Square. We donned our crazy hats and headed into (what was then) a cesspool, watching as a gang of thugs at the edge of Dick Clark's Rockin' New Year's Eve television lights cornered people and stole their wallets. Interested only in cash, the gang grabbed the bills and dumped each wallet in the trash. Dave and I went fishing, and on the morning of January 3, 1981, we mailed 15 wallets full of driver's licenses and credit cards back to their owners all around the country. <br />
<br />
Dave invited me home the first Thanksgiving we roomed to meet his family. His mother served a vast, delicious Italian meal, and I remember thinking, "This is nice but unusual for Thanksgiving." Then Dave's mom cleared the table and served an entire traditional Thanksgiving turkey meal. He just looked at me and said, "Now you know why I have trouble losing weight."<br />
<br />
I roomed with Dave during our first year at Harvard Business School. He introduced me to the HP-12C, chocolate-covered pretzels, and Cotton Eye Joe. He convinced me that Harry Truman was the only person in history who could have taken over the world. Based on his obsession with <a href="http://www.louislamour.com/" target="_blank">Louis L'Amour </a>novels, he warned me never to carry a knife unless I was prepared to use it. More good advice.</div><div><br /></div><div>Dave was the best man at Sue and my wedding in 1984 and godfather to our Emily.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhYbIwx9ly1Fxz961jftayI0WufSovqhAgLMg8RHYF84zsCUk0M0rsVQXOmOmxSUE5Oy2b6o4CvELfCL_K3cEUHBdLc61ZCObQAh_WfEqV8uhyFyEyw2lcC2FSQx7mlNElb_gG6GPwBkNELQjq_8WnCr8tPkkjw6DMYFnhvr7kXYejnDhHj91ufBTpL=s2583" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1845" data-original-width="2583" height="229" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhYbIwx9ly1Fxz961jftayI0WufSovqhAgLMg8RHYF84zsCUk0M0rsVQXOmOmxSUE5Oy2b6o4CvELfCL_K3cEUHBdLc61ZCObQAh_WfEqV8uhyFyEyw2lcC2FSQx7mlNElb_gG6GPwBkNELQjq_8WnCr8tPkkjw6DMYFnhvr7kXYejnDhHj91ufBTpL=s320" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">A frozen moment, frozen in time</span></td></tr></tbody></table>In the time I knew David Rossi, all he ever really wanted to do was go into space. He might have been an astronaut, except for his poor eyesight. Between senior positions at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrotech_Corporation">Spacehab</a> and <a href="https://news.northropgrumman.com/news/releases/company-profile-for-orbital-sciences-corporation-6698282">Orbital Sciences</a><a href="http://www.orbital.com/" target="_blank">,</a> he got close. Even when the Space Shuttle <i>Columbia</i> disintegrated as Dave lay dying of cancer, he never lost his optimism or passion for the final frontier.<br />
<br />
At Dave's funeral in Washington, D.C., six of us were asked to speak. </div><div><br /></div><div>As we chatted beforehand, I realized we all believed the same thing: David Rossi was our best friend.<br />
<br />
We were all correct.<br />
<br />Only the good die young. 20 years ago and still with us. Rest in peace, my friend.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/MUfQw8kTe34" width="320" youtube-src-id="MUfQw8kTe34"></iframe></div><br /><div><br /></div><div><br />
<br /></div>Eric B. Schultzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03169391149462048777noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7279240094159602471.post-22918728726211299102022-07-26T15:37:00.000-04:002022-07-26T15:37:16.607-04:00Tweets for Tweets (6): My Favorite Bird Photos of H1 2022<div class="separator">For every 100 pictures I take, I keep about five. I then rank each one as a 3, 2, or 1. </div><div class="separator"><br /></div><div class="separator">When I show someone a 3, they say, "Oh, that's a Robin." When I show someone a 2, they say, "Eric, that's a great picture of a Robin." When I show someone a 1, they say, "<i>You </i>didn't take that picture of a Robin, <i>did you?</i>"</div><div class="separator"><br /></div><div class="separator">In other words, if I've been slightly insulted, that picture is usually a 1. I've taken a couple of hundred thousand pictures of birds and have accumulated maybe five "1s." </div><div class="separator"><br /></div><div class="separator">If a professional relies on light, color, and composition, I rely on volume and luck.</div><div class="separator"><br /></div><div class="separator">Herewith, my sixth post of bird pictures, my favorites from the first half of 2022-- unofficially, "COVID, year 3." My favorites are the Warblers, not because they are 1's, but because getting a good picture of a Magnolia or Chestnut-sided Warbler is a little bit like reaching level 15 of Space Invaders.</div><div class="separator"><br /></div><div class="separator">For anyone under 40, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Invaders">here's the link</a>.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOayQ8zNkChh957C22B4WVFZvcHkPl9Sf4iL9j4Ii-exCCaoKHg-GpFLiX7t1dNnL6ZakG5aA7A5qOh61BUom2E3uuk6e-TPMvzz5qWkgZJDUaQVENEs9WF03kCxQ8Bw5x4ENib5tPcEpMli6BkGW7Ej-gfHXz670gHyzaTWCoERTqET1pGpfDKYqI/s4237/Balitmore%20Oriole%20-%20Cherry%20Hill%20Reservoir%20-%205-16-2022.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3033" data-original-width="4237" height="458" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOayQ8zNkChh957C22B4WVFZvcHkPl9Sf4iL9j4Ii-exCCaoKHg-GpFLiX7t1dNnL6ZakG5aA7A5qOh61BUom2E3uuk6e-TPMvzz5qWkgZJDUaQVENEs9WF03kCxQ8Bw5x4ENib5tPcEpMli6BkGW7Ej-gfHXz670gHyzaTWCoERTqET1pGpfDKYqI/w640-h458/Balitmore%20Oriole%20-%20Cherry%20Hill%20Reservoir%20-%205-16-2022.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; 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text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><p><br /></p>Eric B. Schultzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03169391149462048777noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7279240094159602471.post-66999783455998591792022-06-03T12:05:00.003-04:002022-06-03T12:35:14.634-04:00Innovation in the City of Sin: Shoes, GE Jet Engines, and Fluffernutters in Lynn, Massachusetts<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhctxMwMm_0p0V8P4eeFD8cE5k_aOaGt7IZekf_a-5aGT6Jg4D2mdFCbkfJpNv4uxWbux1V_kYSULgz3j2w15PqAn8JbT-yBrXCvbqhE8my8DPaFtUmrdshAHd0bPVstx6op-gDyxGPVkgb3ijy81zTVB5IWh8OE-WOdXFaEZzCS4QhLLMBGG1oQuk8/s4377/Mural%203%20-%20Lynn,%20MA%20-%206-2-2022.JPG" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3132" data-original-width="4377" height="286" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhctxMwMm_0p0V8P4eeFD8cE5k_aOaGt7IZekf_a-5aGT6Jg4D2mdFCbkfJpNv4uxWbux1V_kYSULgz3j2w15PqAn8JbT-yBrXCvbqhE8my8DPaFtUmrdshAHd0bPVstx6op-gDyxGPVkgb3ijy81zTVB5IWh8OE-WOdXFaEZzCS4QhLLMBGG1oQuk8/w400-h286/Mural%203%20-%20Lynn,%20MA%20-%206-2-2022.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">One of the stunning murals that adorn downtown Lynn</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div style="text-align: left;">I visited Lynn, Massachusetts, the other day. It's one of those old New England cities that supported a community of innovators that ruled the commercial world for more than a century before the Great Depression and emergence of the New South. </div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">If you live in my corner of New England, this rise and fall of great cities describes New Bedford, Fall River, Brockton, <a href="https://www.oldcolonyhistorymuseum.org/">Taunton</a>, Lowell, Haverhill, and Beverly, to name a few. </div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Between whaling and textiles, for example, nineteenth-century New Bedford was considered the richest city per capita in the world. Fall River and its textile mills weren't far behind. Taunton had booming textile machinery, silversmithing, and stove-making industries in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. </div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCiKmFLWfMnKe3kt1050Rv1fUxTAwyn1mdOKrnpAjjXe98gL8zuboRY_n0qydGmYDexxK9hDdk3Z5vwnUQOMKNi5_3vQD3-fj_ibB9e3m0bPX0cpVwucIVY25lkp5YxZixN5GiIosTUWs1_Akqx4RGfy6CjJn3gqkeVNPONeF7-KGoVweixRe7gmtO/s4608/Old%20Colony%20Museum%20stoves%20-%20Glenwood%203%20-%202-23-2022.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4608" data-original-width="3456" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCiKmFLWfMnKe3kt1050Rv1fUxTAwyn1mdOKrnpAjjXe98gL8zuboRY_n0qydGmYDexxK9hDdk3Z5vwnUQOMKNi5_3vQD3-fj_ibB9e3m0bPX0cpVwucIVY25lkp5YxZixN5GiIosTUWs1_Akqx4RGfy6CjJn3gqkeVNPONeF7-KGoVweixRe7gmtO/w480-h640/Old%20Colony%20Museum%20stoves%20-%20Glenwood%203%20-%202-23-2022.JPG" width="480" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">This elegant Glenwood Stove, exhibited at the <a href="https://www.oldcolonyhistorymuseum.org/">Old Colony History Museum</a>, was produced by <br /><a href="https://www.ediblecommunities.com/home/the-enduring-history-of-the-glenwood-stove/">the Weir Stove Company of Taunton</a>. </span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Lowell, <a href="http://theoccasionalceo.blogspot.com/2013/11/another-look-at-industrial-revolution.html">which I visited and profiled in 2013</a>, was famous for attracting the greatest concentration of industrial capital in America before the Civil War. Its scale and integration left European visitors in awe.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJ7lVxzagPKZmTEKTG8ewWEuDUiLjeI4NVA5clnsBXBOjWYXSOMMuTZICtfKE8a9rU1XjXqOLnvD08mL0rn-cTVvChpvoz7HBolskilMoHdNB7r6bxsvvsF5LBpQ1c1olcRyy8GMLHRadRUWRF-79twk6d9w7XL57-rumZLp1Vjh9tqbA2CidMV5Pu/s4320/P1070984_edited-1.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3240" data-original-width="4320" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJ7lVxzagPKZmTEKTG8ewWEuDUiLjeI4NVA5clnsBXBOjWYXSOMMuTZICtfKE8a9rU1XjXqOLnvD08mL0rn-cTVvChpvoz7HBolskilMoHdNB7r6bxsvvsF5LBpQ1c1olcRyy8GMLHRadRUWRF-79twk6d9w7XL57-rumZLp1Vjh9tqbA2CidMV5Pu/w640-h480/P1070984_edited-1.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">One of the wonderfully preserved textile machines exhibited at <a href="http://theoccasionalceo.blogspot.com/2013/11/another-look-at-industrial-revolution.html">the Lowell National Historical Park</a>.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div style="text-align: left;">Lynn was settled in 1629 and eventually carved up into today's mostly-urban Lynn, Reading, Lynnfield, Saugus, Swampscott, and Nahant. Old Lynn contributed early to American innovation as home to one of the country's first ironworks, Hammersmith. </div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwTzwnWElSZ3aoSwcae8JjiNggWsilJxHqTUi_Q7v9--jXjkpyLZpjk9ZiX-3zkT2trBOfpYxRA413yAhdhJxmobzUElaOkMnQBVYj-ilj4PZchj7QLckymgRj9uKlKjzyDdhtKORKLFu3HTS2pgAclvXB_lc8JD_xy8xBbPSFcFukb6yG4FKn6HXb/s4320/P1150254_edited-1.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3240" data-original-width="4320" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwTzwnWElSZ3aoSwcae8JjiNggWsilJxHqTUi_Q7v9--jXjkpyLZpjk9ZiX-3zkT2trBOfpYxRA413yAhdhJxmobzUElaOkMnQBVYj-ilj4PZchj7QLckymgRj9uKlKjzyDdhtKORKLFu3HTS2pgAclvXB_lc8JD_xy8xBbPSFcFukb6yG4FKn6HXb/w640-h480/P1150254_edited-1.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Known today as the Saugus Iron Works, this early industrial site is conserved by the National Park Service. <br /><a href="http://theoccasionalceo.blogspot.com/2014/07/a-picture-tour-of-saugus-iron-works.html">I profiled the site here</a> in 2014.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div style="text-align: left;"><u>Lynn, Lynn, City of Sin</u></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div>Even folks who know nothing about Lynn may know this bit of doggerel:</div><div><br /></div><div><i>Lynn, Lynn, the city of sin</i></div><div><i>You never come out the way you came in.</i></div><div><br /></div><div>(For the record, I did come out the way I came in, except for a stop at Dunkin Donuts.)</div><div><br /></div><div>There are other verses, though I'll limit dazzling you to just one more:</div><div><br /></div><div><i>You ask for water, yet they give you gin</i></div><div><i>The girls say no, but they always give in.</i></div><div><br /></div><div>There's speculation that this rhyme arose during Prohibition when Lynn, being on the Atlantic coast and only seven miles north of Boston, had its fair share of successful bootleggers and drinking establishments. Maybe this ditty was also inspired by the proximity of sailors in nearby Salem crossing the border in search of late-night libations and entertainment.</div><div><br /></div><div>And maybe--my theory--is that Lynn is easy to rhyme with about 500 one-syllable words, prompting a lazy poet in Swampscott or Manchester-By-The-Sea to change cities after checking his rhyming dictionary. In 1997, Lynn's solicitor proposed changing the name of the city to Ocean Park, but voters turned him down. A good thing, I think.</div><span><a name='more'></a></span><div><br /></div><div>In its favor, Lynn is home to the <a href="https://lynnmuseum.org/">Lynn Museum</a>, which tells the city's fascinating history. I stopped in for a visit. Below are a few of the innovations and industries for which Lynn is famous.<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijNaPRG4SN_DySmFGvWstRHCiuJqcZcwI5I2ickvRQIfajIdAs81YLR4YM1fFyRMQ4f0RdBWOGKfX2Mt16v1sDlRl_71xxAOlgigb27qJvjSTIORgNg4r48pw3rysQWgVT_lQopFo7-kGj-d-IBVt80myMavaE_hKFMBK2LlcC7W5kB32t9gX9Js8P/s4608/Exhibits%20T%20-%20Lynn%20Museum%20-%20Lynn,%20MA%20-%206-2-2022.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijNaPRG4SN_DySmFGvWstRHCiuJqcZcwI5I2ickvRQIfajIdAs81YLR4YM1fFyRMQ4f0RdBWOGKfX2Mt16v1sDlRl_71xxAOlgigb27qJvjSTIORgNg4r48pw3rysQWgVT_lQopFo7-kGj-d-IBVt80myMavaE_hKFMBK2LlcC7W5kB32t9gX9Js8P/w640-h480/Exhibits%20T%20-%20Lynn%20Museum%20-%20Lynn,%20MA%20-%206-2-2022.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">While Brockton became known as "The Shoe City," Lynn was the center of colonial shoemaking. The boots worn by the Continental Army were made in Lynn, a legacy reflected in the city's seal.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyY0Rvmm1hFswj6YPg_pgTQ1rC2jaDAZD7Pgw46Nx231Bf8Y9HVcUmkirDl907AzRPKzK6wTflhiO_0gR3LPe79ofxPJ_rnkSZveIqA625kkP4RhkbhxulKgFrq0EBh0KYp9vgDqbBYEn8PJgqso_DkoTdfVQ1qWGFToHQo7QcgvX0FQoY4VMjbZd5/s4608/Exhibits%20U2%20-%20Lynn%20Museum%20-%20Lynn,%20MA%20-%206-2-2022.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyY0Rvmm1hFswj6YPg_pgTQ1rC2jaDAZD7Pgw46Nx231Bf8Y9HVcUmkirDl907AzRPKzK6wTflhiO_0gR3LPe79ofxPJ_rnkSZveIqA625kkP4RhkbhxulKgFrq0EBh0KYp9vgDqbBYEn8PJgqso_DkoTdfVQ1qWGFToHQo7QcgvX0FQoY4VMjbZd5/w640-h480/Exhibits%20U2%20-%20Lynn%20Museum%20-%20Lynn,%20MA%20-%206-2-2022.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">For much of the 19th century, only Haverhill rivaled Lynn for shoe production, and only in the 20th century did Brockton surpass Lynn's volume. I did a post on the murals and shoes of Haverhill <a href="http://theoccasionalceo.blogspot.com/2012/08/haverhills-cool-mural.html">here</a>.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2K-X_35-K6OABR7kgnHLxIgAQXNZcG7GZ1Ltgkt-BwFBCC7bY1fUgjaEAe4IObgWeWIK0dGRsFHK77IbgiWqQdPQ1x22-NHsofRF-G6ayhz6rCeBZ7-m-_Fcw6wuoaxbe7eWlFeO1n00D82vHCWm_qDQpmoX3SqCOHXP16vMfOE7s24S8YksP1XMU/s4608/Exhibits%20U%20-%20Lynn%20Museum%20-%20Lynn,%20MA%20-%206-2-2022.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2K-X_35-K6OABR7kgnHLxIgAQXNZcG7GZ1Ltgkt-BwFBCC7bY1fUgjaEAe4IObgWeWIK0dGRsFHK77IbgiWqQdPQ1x22-NHsofRF-G6ayhz6rCeBZ7-m-_Fcw6wuoaxbe7eWlFeO1n00D82vHCWm_qDQpmoX3SqCOHXP16vMfOE7s24S8YksP1XMU/w640-h480/Exhibits%20U%20-%20Lynn%20Museum%20-%20Lynn,%20MA%20-%206-2-2022.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFR0_bXW8UAfptvWRzPxb4Oc8sC6GRVuE73ElH9LNvW8iSb8dTy4Aony5Da-DLMYUhsUkaIFfefW4pz-qyhOQlWNVlmrH087rjqCpBUjfd8nhhv_kQMfulyKq7yn_WkMm6PZx7_YoxjDiD2CDPrZsCYjVg0zMkCnb2W7CJj6HVh971aEWwHOMBYZ1j/s4608/Exhibits%20X%20Shoe%20medallions%20-%20Lynn%20Museum%20-%20Lynn,%20MA%20-%206-2-2022.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFR0_bXW8UAfptvWRzPxb4Oc8sC6GRVuE73ElH9LNvW8iSb8dTy4Aony5Da-DLMYUhsUkaIFfefW4pz-qyhOQlWNVlmrH087rjqCpBUjfd8nhhv_kQMfulyKq7yn_WkMm6PZx7_YoxjDiD2CDPrZsCYjVg0zMkCnb2W7CJj6HVh971aEWwHOMBYZ1j/w640-h480/Exhibits%20X%20Shoe%20medallions%20-%20Lynn%20Museum%20-%20Lynn,%20MA%20-%206-2-2022.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Created for the 1893 Columbian Exposition in Chicago, this "Shoe Medallion" is comprised of 234 miniature leather shoes, now faded from their original red, white, and blue.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8g8VSJtsgJTkrR6echaq1CsS8JmTu1iFQlr3zhejPBzcmFlExcMlV7_ZkFOe9mslwgk8OoxCQhjhkunlFmNWGgwu6o55scUELQp4soP-ertyc2Pqb_l_2LzpDU3A5uc8g9P3ys36bqXBYnhw6jtGCgL_z_tNThAFUqTokk7-hUnwxm0C2z8bYAKzh/s4608/Exhibits%20X%20Shoe%20medallions%20C%20-%20Lynn%20Museum%20-%20Lynn,%20MA%20-%206-2-2022.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8g8VSJtsgJTkrR6echaq1CsS8JmTu1iFQlr3zhejPBzcmFlExcMlV7_ZkFOe9mslwgk8OoxCQhjhkunlFmNWGgwu6o55scUELQp4soP-ertyc2Pqb_l_2LzpDU3A5uc8g9P3ys36bqXBYnhw6jtGCgL_z_tNThAFUqTokk7-hUnwxm0C2z8bYAKzh/w640-h480/Exhibits%20X%20Shoe%20medallions%20C%20-%20Lynn%20Museum%20-%20Lynn,%20MA%20-%206-2-2022.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgO_042iixFT-KRvMbPFOOFCjykbZs3-_xW9yZkAW2953U-RJc6mcSyFUQxnvHAn9Y1xvdJDlA6y7z8ORtMJFoxweJFBUZo_5ec6curElhboewUai_4CDqpatyzkqPHTrPn032KAIlzDCkTcSCgOFEhb008BM8e4hRub59M9IcZYBYOK58jIDP426uU/s4608/Exhibits%20X%20Shoe%20medallions%20D%20-%20Lynn%20Museum%20-%20Lynn,%20MA%20-%206-2-2022.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgO_042iixFT-KRvMbPFOOFCjykbZs3-_xW9yZkAW2953U-RJc6mcSyFUQxnvHAn9Y1xvdJDlA6y7z8ORtMJFoxweJFBUZo_5ec6curElhboewUai_4CDqpatyzkqPHTrPn032KAIlzDCkTcSCgOFEhb008BM8e4hRub59M9IcZYBYOK58jIDP426uU/w640-h480/Exhibits%20X%20Shoe%20medallions%20D%20-%20Lynn%20Museum%20-%20Lynn,%20MA%20-%206-2-2022.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjL2RKbueW33N6PEgVdrnOfPyuEI8u0utprS24MdUm0W868a4DPIacIbayrUAEdk0P9BE5shFn7PeBhYjfcGmab6w6WjmYBfAZODz50pr9JalhUOphILFnFAcrLPyJU9oBUkLkfHlhGg7sH_1KpU3pm_6wAoi805VQmsNcH8QM05Um97mu9tpYc0is/s4608/Exhibits%20X%20Shoe%20medallions%20E%20-%20Lynn%20Museum%20-%20Lynn,%20MA%20-%206-2-2022.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjL2RKbueW33N6PEgVdrnOfPyuEI8u0utprS24MdUm0W868a4DPIacIbayrUAEdk0P9BE5shFn7PeBhYjfcGmab6w6WjmYBfAZODz50pr9JalhUOphILFnFAcrLPyJU9oBUkLkfHlhGg7sH_1KpU3pm_6wAoi805VQmsNcH8QM05Um97mu9tpYc0is/w640-h480/Exhibits%20X%20Shoe%20medallions%20E%20-%20Lynn%20Museum%20-%20Lynn,%20MA%20-%206-2-2022.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">In the same way that New Bedford's whaling families read the tea leaves and shifted their capital from the sea to textile mills, Lynn's shoe barons invested in the early electric industry. Engineer and inventor Elihu Thomson attracted local capital to help fund his Thomson-Houston Electric Company.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIJlWamI7D_QHBgd6rRZ0al5MdZ1cnWyZPMtBkoEdkmj2gWzyVktjVdDtOi4JPrkBqUz14uroXBV1WlMx05fisN_rveBMQScJ0rWxiM40nMiJvbKrQavU_mkkA_YRk01VfLPyCqbPMKmeX3qj0n6NQO4iiYd4adZiD4pL-E1ks3Q3IHIt6KcncBydI/s4608/Exhibits%20P%20General%20Electric%204%20-%20Lynn%20Museum%20-%20Lynn,%20MA%20-%206-2-2022.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIJlWamI7D_QHBgd6rRZ0al5MdZ1cnWyZPMtBkoEdkmj2gWzyVktjVdDtOi4JPrkBqUz14uroXBV1WlMx05fisN_rveBMQScJ0rWxiM40nMiJvbKrQavU_mkkA_YRk01VfLPyCqbPMKmeX3qj0n6NQO4iiYd4adZiD4pL-E1ks3Q3IHIt6KcncBydI/w640-h480/Exhibits%20P%20General%20Electric%204%20-%20Lynn%20Museum%20-%20Lynn,%20MA%20-%206-2-2022.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYtz28Vc1R8eCgyMfH_UDdes_LCwWmjVGU6hv7GuOwA-Rr5ZUOXC6cywHRCXIngEPlznQpOQzmliw9WbQ5xHST_n9hPH3vzCqkoLsxqRJ7dvfitv_JidZTXUQMBvtB9LlM8V2i5DH6NGLBaLPhimIh24Bt1PTDlY-UBlpV4bz6gLc_ygsfO1yCpfar/s4608/Exhibits%20P%20General%20Electric%205%20-%20Lynn%20Museum%20-%20Lynn,%20MA%20-%206-2-2022.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYtz28Vc1R8eCgyMfH_UDdes_LCwWmjVGU6hv7GuOwA-Rr5ZUOXC6cywHRCXIngEPlznQpOQzmliw9WbQ5xHST_n9hPH3vzCqkoLsxqRJ7dvfitv_JidZTXUQMBvtB9LlM8V2i5DH6NGLBaLPhimIh24Bt1PTDlY-UBlpV4bz6gLc_ygsfO1yCpfar/w640-h480/Exhibits%20P%20General%20Electric%205%20-%20Lynn%20Museum%20-%20Lynn,%20MA%20-%206-2-2022.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEil8p7zeHS6td87D8MjETn8jQ3HR-Ti47tUjb4sA3ELXWR61DQsZNkB1B9DgKWTJWv8j9PkbeqNzGhgiyPDWD12m-eg5rHMPFwBYnCpvG1I91uTRgBpsFW0dIYI1dpKzP_3PsnyII1OiVC8cCVs43Fpo9z6Q5pxENcs95kx3IaIuY73Pi6YqhGhqksw/s4608/Exhibits%20P%20General%20Electric%206%20-%20Lynn%20Museum%20-%20Lynn,%20MA%20-%206-2-2022.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEil8p7zeHS6td87D8MjETn8jQ3HR-Ti47tUjb4sA3ELXWR61DQsZNkB1B9DgKWTJWv8j9PkbeqNzGhgiyPDWD12m-eg5rHMPFwBYnCpvG1I91uTRgBpsFW0dIYI1dpKzP_3PsnyII1OiVC8cCVs43Fpo9z6Q5pxENcs95kx3IaIuY73Pi6YqhGhqksw/w640-h480/Exhibits%20P%20General%20Electric%206%20-%20Lynn%20Museum%20-%20Lynn,%20MA%20-%206-2-2022.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">Thomson's work in alternating currents made Edison's lightbulb a practical reality. Lynn investor Charles A. Coffin purchased Thomson's company and, in 1892, merged it with Edison's General Electric Company. The marriage of Thomson's and Edison's brilliance resulted in the creation of General Electic, perhaps America's most iconic company.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">General Electric built facilities in Schenectady and Lynn, a campus comprised of lighting, motor, generator, and turbine gear divisions. During WWII, GE was asked to build the first jet engines manufactured in the United States.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhs9FcHtXNVNKVNtBh8jdK4Wwm-NFlr3Rg27x4G6IX0qz7T_PuAdXcO3W-HT4DwGS7tUbFXDu9oJZxKs2aU7jYqoqbZHaC5fjYwdF2iRxeEGAge-pyaS_MCvMbu8PD2Qm9rx8fSgqvo7EVDEGqEVRVsfiTCYZrXbW1dNwzdYf9o8GK1l21yeqrZlej-/s4608/Exhibits%20P%20General%20Electric%202%20-%20Lynn%20Museum%20-%20Lynn,%20MA%20-%206-2-2022.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4608" data-original-width="3456" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhs9FcHtXNVNKVNtBh8jdK4Wwm-NFlr3Rg27x4G6IX0qz7T_PuAdXcO3W-HT4DwGS7tUbFXDu9oJZxKs2aU7jYqoqbZHaC5fjYwdF2iRxeEGAge-pyaS_MCvMbu8PD2Qm9rx8fSgqvo7EVDEGqEVRVsfiTCYZrXbW1dNwzdYf9o8GK1l21yeqrZlej-/w480-h640/Exhibits%20P%20General%20Electric%202%20-%20Lynn%20Museum%20-%20Lynn,%20MA%20-%206-2-2022.JPG" width="480" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcIifvbvN6VW6xahpnwwA_gLKbTQJwtfkyz_MtICWgg_s_XX7PWGQRkWcZLo6rhrZ7Qt3bTucks52-cNsUNEsj5DEBYvuVe8Qt5aZ7ohFiZXrpRoIJtfwQ6lm3f1j_ncpQVKM8VXT2hYTbSrdy5YLZv7UtPJWc2AD-BomCYkeu2mr7_YbH_Cq3gLI5/s4608/Exhibits%20P%20General%20Electric%20-%20Lynn%20Museum%20-%20Lynn,%20MA%20-%206-2-2022.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcIifvbvN6VW6xahpnwwA_gLKbTQJwtfkyz_MtICWgg_s_XX7PWGQRkWcZLo6rhrZ7Qt3bTucks52-cNsUNEsj5DEBYvuVe8Qt5aZ7ohFiZXrpRoIJtfwQ6lm3f1j_ncpQVKM8VXT2hYTbSrdy5YLZv7UtPJWc2AD-BomCYkeu2mr7_YbH_Cq3gLI5/w640-h480/Exhibits%20P%20General%20Electric%20-%20Lynn%20Museum%20-%20Lynn,%20MA%20-%206-2-2022.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">This jet engine is model J85, manufactured around 1960.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">Another Lynn innovator who became nationally famous was Lydia Pinkham, the tenth of twelve children born to abolitionist Quaker parents.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPzPUam41jk6jfKkAr4Qk9zCAajq1GErp-kIckpaqAZeaWQG9lPnKcwOkRBA32Woc2WeqfVx6rF6KUGE6_IyaR7dog2DUt1xRvIA1BX0crbzHCefJ2uy-Zpb53lIKcELVBHzfI6YCqRbaxTuRQJSYWe-GjBfHRzeMvRgABzeJFLRAfPhO8iXDeA5ua/s3804/Exhibits%20R%20-%20Lynn%20Museum%20-%20Lynn,%20MA%20-%206-2-2022.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2719" data-original-width="3804" height="458" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPzPUam41jk6jfKkAr4Qk9zCAajq1GErp-kIckpaqAZeaWQG9lPnKcwOkRBA32Woc2WeqfVx6rF6KUGE6_IyaR7dog2DUt1xRvIA1BX0crbzHCefJ2uy-Zpb53lIKcELVBHzfI6YCqRbaxTuRQJSYWe-GjBfHRzeMvRgABzeJFLRAfPhO8iXDeA5ua/w640-h458/Exhibits%20R%20-%20Lynn%20Museum%20-%20Lynn,%20MA%20-%206-2-2022.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">"Born in Lynn in 1819," the Lynn Museum placard reads, "Lydia Pinkham brewed a variety of herbal remedies for women in her kitchen and distributed them to her female neighbors, friends and family."<br /></span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Lydia's concoctions, controversial even at the time for their aggressive marketing and questionable results, were designed to treat symptoms associated with menstruation and menopause. The Food and Drug Act wouldn't bring law and order to the patent medicine world until 1906. Before that, remedies such as Lydia Pinkham's Vegetable Compounds (and not far away in Lowell, Ayer's Cherry Pectoral) would be consumed by thousands of Americans and make their inventors rich.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div>Like the city of Lynn, Lydia's medicine was subject to its own special ditty, "The Ballad of Lydia Pinkham," sometimes (in a less polite version) called "Lily the Pink," which shall not be reprinted here.</div><div><br /></div><div>OK, but just one, G-rated verse:</div></div><div><br /></div><div><i>Old Ebenezer thought he was Julius Caesar</i></div><div><i>And so they put him in a home</i></div><div><i>Where they gave him medicinal compound</i></div><div><i>And now he's the emperor of Rome. </i></div><div><br /></div><div>(Yes, you'll have to google the rest on your own.)</div><div><br /></div><div>The British band "The Scaffold" did a popular sanitized version of "Lily the Pink" in 1968. This may make your teeth hurt. You have been warned.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/2x8D4T--0v4" width="320" youtube-src-id="2x8D4T--0v4"></iframe></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Finally, a concoction that I can personally endorse as benefiting health and well-being is the Fluffernutter, which got its start in Lynn, <a href="https://www.bostonmagazine.com/restaurants/2014/09/24/visit-marshmallow-fluff-factory/">where Fluff is still manufactured</a>.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvpB-e3nOvBJsCs6PQAezaiOa7tPh8bWv40431j9qoFatgwpNyjqqXjACVAXABBCAVHl2ocDZuI_5VBxDhgM1sjj6aLhXjyZejZsJcRv3jtKQCJDPMR4ocgHwuqaDI5u7YkpYVdJnONNcWbbv_ql26KU61FPEKAOrrQ_jRHlJsUXAlSdDo50weLbAM/s4233/Fluff%202%20-%20Lynn%20Museum%20-%20Lynn,%20MA%20-%206-2-2022.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4233" data-original-width="3017" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvpB-e3nOvBJsCs6PQAezaiOa7tPh8bWv40431j9qoFatgwpNyjqqXjACVAXABBCAVHl2ocDZuI_5VBxDhgM1sjj6aLhXjyZejZsJcRv3jtKQCJDPMR4ocgHwuqaDI5u7YkpYVdJnONNcWbbv_ql26KU61FPEKAOrrQ_jRHlJsUXAlSdDo50weLbAM/w456-h640/Fluff%202%20-%20Lynn%20Museum%20-%20Lynn,%20MA%20-%206-2-2022.JPG" width="456" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Just as Lynn almost became Ocean Park, the Fluffernutter almost became the official sandwich of Massachusetts. But, also like Lynn, cooler heads prevailed.</div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhotr7R7_yhB5OeEPLCRZ3KNHozQ7UiuGAlztcAL6BDjM5mIdigyF6lqGUrVYRouQK4yy1nnUk7jIeONcGC58KgLLe5rx9B6GGaeO9Udc6rZGQbPKlH4qqO8aVmtXDknJpPcdlFpQ54-hZCFRWP99Bxwl2hyXZUBbusk329IZt_k5j08EimpTW6KZak/s4608/Fluff%20-%20Lynn%20Museum%20-%20Lynn,%20MA%20-%206-2-2022.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3296" data-original-width="4608" height="458" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhotr7R7_yhB5OeEPLCRZ3KNHozQ7UiuGAlztcAL6BDjM5mIdigyF6lqGUrVYRouQK4yy1nnUk7jIeONcGC58KgLLe5rx9B6GGaeO9Udc6rZGQbPKlH4qqO8aVmtXDknJpPcdlFpQ54-hZCFRWP99Bxwl2hyXZUBbusk329IZt_k5j08EimpTW6KZak/w640-h458/Fluff%20-%20Lynn%20Museum%20-%20Lynn,%20MA%20-%206-2-2022.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">I would encourage you to visit this very interesting museum in the heart of Lynn, home to the first iron works, tannery, American jet engine, and, well, first sandwich with peanut butter and marshmallow spread. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Residents of Hispanic origin make up a quarter of the city's 100,000 population, which also includes a large Russian community. The city's Pine Grove Cemetery is one of the largest in the country and has a wall around it, <i>Ripley's </i>once wrote, second in length only to the Great Wall of China. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Famous sons and daughters include Tony Conigliaro, Mary Baker Eddy, and F. Lee Bailey.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">The final bit of innovation featured prominently in the Lynn Museum has to do with Krippendorf and Krippendorf's alpha. I've researched it carefully and have no idea what it is. But, for a History major, this machine is fantastic anyway.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBlPduGqXXmAcpfQzjsWot78ip-4_Flxh1yEXh-N_iUUpSOKI0SG3f3MdZewBsG_FWGJbopwIRUb_gdLPTclzKlKk_iDvEiV19vcCxOoVHxHcmISVDGHV3wCXGGGBsqi_EHH-XTRf6mm7fh1TUsXpA_HAYAkF7bGxVcby2GWmFMX1bK3tb6o7hOfWy/s4608/Exhibits%20W%20Krippendorf%20-%20Lynn%20Museum%20-%20Lynn,%20MA%20-%206-2-2022.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBlPduGqXXmAcpfQzjsWot78ip-4_Flxh1yEXh-N_iUUpSOKI0SG3f3MdZewBsG_FWGJbopwIRUb_gdLPTclzKlKk_iDvEiV19vcCxOoVHxHcmISVDGHV3wCXGGGBsqi_EHH-XTRf6mm7fh1TUsXpA_HAYAkF7bGxVcby2GWmFMX1bK3tb6o7hOfWy/w640-h480/Exhibits%20W%20Krippendorf%20-%20Lynn%20Museum%20-%20Lynn,%20MA%20-%206-2-2022.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">As one of my friends who was kind enough to pre-read this post wrote, "Shoes, GE, Lydia Pinkham, Krippendorf. All good. But <i>you had me at Fluff</i>."</div><div><br /></div><div>I'll leave you with a few more images from the Museum and surrounding murals.</div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBze4Qg13bBIoHu0oMcm3Zdt7gAa1TE_9MZxfzzTPVi82Gj_8fR84YVTFBHYPJjgm-qGGf99QLuNE6DNt9CIjJX_3jW_4AQSSLgoCFtV3_VYBq7Le4RhBOgSo2lGdrGRa3kwT0G_JuEneqggbzwxYt4xC8ajbVnujYeqgkB_IKvNOYxvU2O4XLJr1o/s4608/Exhbit%20G%20Birds%20-%20Lynn%20Museum%20-%20Lynn,%20MA%20-%206-2-2022.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBze4Qg13bBIoHu0oMcm3Zdt7gAa1TE_9MZxfzzTPVi82Gj_8fR84YVTFBHYPJjgm-qGGf99QLuNE6DNt9CIjJX_3jW_4AQSSLgoCFtV3_VYBq7Le4RhBOgSo2lGdrGRa3kwT0G_JuEneqggbzwxYt4xC8ajbVnujYeqgkB_IKvNOYxvU2O4XLJr1o/w640-h480/Exhbit%20G%20Birds%20-%20Lynn%20Museum%20-%20Lynn,%20MA%20-%206-2-2022.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">There had to be birds.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiseBRJH6I1aVbeybyEn-Nl_G4Wi0hyh-rz29owChWCv7IhbyZsN0fsk6Dgo6NGpmi_1K6sNzUAhuNJxpzfT7A8ZIdczjSTQZqAfTs64JK0s00L88FrmRPRYgQqK2xLNLLoKc7L6EReeKTJTNCVwyF9gbFliW6BvOaXNgnHcdgHx-sKJeZP6zqyZ9AN/s4608/Exhibit%20A%20-%20Lynn%20Museum%20-%20Lynn,%20MA%20-%206-2-2022.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiseBRJH6I1aVbeybyEn-Nl_G4Wi0hyh-rz29owChWCv7IhbyZsN0fsk6Dgo6NGpmi_1K6sNzUAhuNJxpzfT7A8ZIdczjSTQZqAfTs64JK0s00L88FrmRPRYgQqK2xLNLLoKc7L6EReeKTJTNCVwyF9gbFliW6BvOaXNgnHcdgHx-sKJeZP6zqyZ9AN/w640-h480/Exhibit%20A%20-%20Lynn%20Museum%20-%20Lynn,%20MA%20-%206-2-2022.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkQ37g9lWUs7dIuv5SNFIvui1rOT_lPJ-FNt7Kpa_3s7QHLpWVvOiT3xpo682_IP3hpiUfEVDtRt6oMa6U1wK62ASjzNRD78C6jUq9IV5UBIUrCU_Y3uhh-91kQlFCff5dI2ycbz2D2ynzkEUwvfUzqAIZd-LaVstG5ZRzlfe_FDKHKbAWcS8XIe84/s4608/Exhibit%20D%20Rogers%20and%20drum%20-%20Lynn%20Museum%20-%20Lynn,%20MA%20-%206-2-2022.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkQ37g9lWUs7dIuv5SNFIvui1rOT_lPJ-FNt7Kpa_3s7QHLpWVvOiT3xpo682_IP3hpiUfEVDtRt6oMa6U1wK62ASjzNRD78C6jUq9IV5UBIUrCU_Y3uhh-91kQlFCff5dI2ycbz2D2ynzkEUwvfUzqAIZd-LaVstG5ZRzlfe_FDKHKbAWcS8XIe84/w640-h480/Exhibit%20D%20Rogers%20and%20drum%20-%20Lynn%20Museum%20-%20Lynn,%20MA%20-%206-2-2022.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">This sculpture is a "Rogers Group." Don't ask me how I know.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjosTfSbbAvc0vjmmNZ1zaXh5dCyuCXA2CV7LnWc1i5usBgtAuThKgKR504VnjwyUUpAZYzv9kxT0NyX6E3poWy8PHPHyro4bsQJH2jA47E7oOmyTGp1J5nAj8r8SuMOYSlaMgi9ehTVcUPIxx5U60bz5QSC53cCNhkg7ryvRygoUzmWc---2I0ohI_/s4608/Exhibit%20E%20Diorama%202%20-%20Lynn%20Museum%20-%20Lynn,%20MA%20-%206-2-2022.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjosTfSbbAvc0vjmmNZ1zaXh5dCyuCXA2CV7LnWc1i5usBgtAuThKgKR504VnjwyUUpAZYzv9kxT0NyX6E3poWy8PHPHyro4bsQJH2jA47E7oOmyTGp1J5nAj8r8SuMOYSlaMgi9ehTVcUPIxx5U60bz5QSC53cCNhkg7ryvRygoUzmWc---2I0ohI_/w640-h480/Exhibit%20E%20Diorama%202%20-%20Lynn%20Museum%20-%20Lynn,%20MA%20-%206-2-2022.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg37pSedzuZYbpNHqYX2-2UJAmFVN86NPeMCVHhl2g7dBRiLsjuUyy4DnHVncThwoCOI7cgwejDOPP7wuVsZbmO1EBdoemvuirF7e0Zq6_mLjkYcj7YSI1rCKGJrNhKAT9aXjQowbFF9mhdL7KTVSCeBQEmAszxq5966GSlzJclxu2AYJAENFo6C2du/s4608/Exhibit%20E%20Diorama%203%20-%20Lynn%20Museum%20-%20Lynn,%20MA%20-%206-2-2022.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg37pSedzuZYbpNHqYX2-2UJAmFVN86NPeMCVHhl2g7dBRiLsjuUyy4DnHVncThwoCOI7cgwejDOPP7wuVsZbmO1EBdoemvuirF7e0Zq6_mLjkYcj7YSI1rCKGJrNhKAT9aXjQowbFF9mhdL7KTVSCeBQEmAszxq5966GSlzJclxu2AYJAENFo6C2du/w640-h480/Exhibit%20E%20Diorama%203%20-%20Lynn%20Museum%20-%20Lynn,%20MA%20-%206-2-2022.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjam5Xc5s2rnB0WyEpDjnj3GM-yr23D_pAnt_ERaRw4sjyryA04RDHP4BTXja-J96lZ9gbDaQfKqzmC8L0xZTWI7nNttn1EioYdMcRCJktE0cVJIm4DqDlcWh3CoSI5aTGbdoWiCI8lZLfq8mYeXVXqsbcoe-T5tBPaJk3tD8RLcODSyzxHmKyVy5H-/s4608/Exhibits%20B%20-%20Lynn%20Museum%20-%20Lynn,%20MA%20-%206-2-2022.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjam5Xc5s2rnB0WyEpDjnj3GM-yr23D_pAnt_ERaRw4sjyryA04RDHP4BTXja-J96lZ9gbDaQfKqzmC8L0xZTWI7nNttn1EioYdMcRCJktE0cVJIm4DqDlcWh3CoSI5aTGbdoWiCI8lZLfq8mYeXVXqsbcoe-T5tBPaJk3tD8RLcODSyzxHmKyVy5H-/w640-h480/Exhibits%20B%20-%20Lynn%20Museum%20-%20Lynn,%20MA%20-%206-2-2022.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiar6mr6unJoZrS-iLjOI4fUMQMjze2rFWjF42P1Kb57nr8FZp3bnNG1U_Vt1V8EJpAiCAPE06uG_TbSqHEqvvh9C_sPrw7vuXk3y-5Gu4v-ia89dnckCJ8uXhvmxVE-dsAvXQmBr60FQDdpas2QDPouijoDpdp_WoOb4JyUihopnfQfYA8qfyA7Cvr/s4608/Exhibits%20C%20-%20Lynn%20Museum%20-%20Lynn,%20MA%20-%206-2-2022.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiar6mr6unJoZrS-iLjOI4fUMQMjze2rFWjF42P1Kb57nr8FZp3bnNG1U_Vt1V8EJpAiCAPE06uG_TbSqHEqvvh9C_sPrw7vuXk3y-5Gu4v-ia89dnckCJ8uXhvmxVE-dsAvXQmBr60FQDdpas2QDPouijoDpdp_WoOb4JyUihopnfQfYA8qfyA7Cvr/w640-h480/Exhibits%20C%20-%20Lynn%20Museum%20-%20Lynn,%20MA%20-%206-2-2022.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiP0pW7KSqWhponRnTl46KIe1pnRRJlYMO-ZEh-JrRzMJ990q_SJ91E7fJzngNlTdldZuycRQvR6s3h2hxmACVszvPO76RIwHpbWw2YLbeDclWjwXsv1PAjuofVuHBXzVKO7GXTQNiOpJnL_5uMmZfe73jysLTQK3LkNY28c_zTWXHpo93S_D09Evfl/s4608/Exhibits%20F%20-%20Lynn%20Museum%20-%20Lynn,%20MA%20-%206-2-2022.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiP0pW7KSqWhponRnTl46KIe1pnRRJlYMO-ZEh-JrRzMJ990q_SJ91E7fJzngNlTdldZuycRQvR6s3h2hxmACVszvPO76RIwHpbWw2YLbeDclWjwXsv1PAjuofVuHBXzVKO7GXTQNiOpJnL_5uMmZfe73jysLTQK3LkNY28c_zTWXHpo93S_D09Evfl/w640-h480/Exhibits%20F%20-%20Lynn%20Museum%20-%20Lynn,%20MA%20-%206-2-2022.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRtdHpJxtpPCpFtYIf2Rcvq4DxgvdVrEnguHSr8AX3mFzUXZeLfKIWwGyI0i2U0v9-Fg8A179pC0W-eOfvfSfC8riUdO7eg_JXnHcWnLqLoHLAX8AuC-w3uzG1AUfAEn3s5x_075HMlYpAKq5Q3pSApPh0CF6au-q0_tvWnIaF8S4nwz9VLwQb4qL0/s4608/Signs%202%20-%20Lynn%20Museum%20-%20Lynn,%20MA%20-%206-2-2022.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRtdHpJxtpPCpFtYIf2Rcvq4DxgvdVrEnguHSr8AX3mFzUXZeLfKIWwGyI0i2U0v9-Fg8A179pC0W-eOfvfSfC8riUdO7eg_JXnHcWnLqLoHLAX8AuC-w3uzG1AUfAEn3s5x_075HMlYpAKq5Q3pSApPh0CF6au-q0_tvWnIaF8S4nwz9VLwQb4qL0/w640-h480/Signs%202%20-%20Lynn%20Museum%20-%20Lynn,%20MA%20-%206-2-2022.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Not everything in Lynn was designed to attract sailors from Salem.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1Hh6LqeYutZjCsqqiXXSzcfLszgoNNSPR6wzZaaCYbQ4QJEGPZORowf1rczuoTwF26zy1cbWPrPkxz7DwuYTVzZxrO2ue4Tg3_Tj-NmWGAMEs2Ocz8fdW0IIgT5Wnhv4Qxjubyuqsf51H3OuyHCZqrDam6GhqFHPN5jSdHOXzn71uw7R46c19vYdx/s4074/Lynn%20Museum%20-%20Lynn,%20MA%20-%206-2-2022.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2909" data-original-width="4074" height="456" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1Hh6LqeYutZjCsqqiXXSzcfLszgoNNSPR6wzZaaCYbQ4QJEGPZORowf1rczuoTwF26zy1cbWPrPkxz7DwuYTVzZxrO2ue4Tg3_Tj-NmWGAMEs2Ocz8fdW0IIgT5Wnhv4Qxjubyuqsf51H3OuyHCZqrDam6GhqFHPN5jSdHOXzn71uw7R46c19vYdx/w640-h456/Lynn%20Museum%20-%20Lynn,%20MA%20-%206-2-2022.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZvUs6FpIa4W1EZsBLcd2qr0wXHxZLwV9xNgdBTwkQXnWjZ5Fy-Ear8bpfoJUTocssb1K5kg387rC1J5G8gcF_OPKhu8oUlMsFAl9HEno8WHCCpcyN7sv4rZqTohcBgoRDZOFboWK0xVKI4SetNnfUfhziOt5k6imgaixehblOi86D9koRNqgbRbcy/s4608/Mural%204%20%20-%20Lynn,%20MA%20-%206-2-2022.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZvUs6FpIa4W1EZsBLcd2qr0wXHxZLwV9xNgdBTwkQXnWjZ5Fy-Ear8bpfoJUTocssb1K5kg387rC1J5G8gcF_OPKhu8oUlMsFAl9HEno8WHCCpcyN7sv4rZqTohcBgoRDZOFboWK0xVKI4SetNnfUfhziOt5k6imgaixehblOi86D9koRNqgbRbcy/w640-h480/Mural%204%20%20-%20Lynn,%20MA%20-%206-2-2022.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKj-Pu4nR96WI9IfjVlUPE-luL4PY_3LYZr5D5EFpfEUVW--6Z-6DvizeulmoWRrZOmf0XD3Lvq1V4wgelvLuZj6EDUBA_wwFA40oLfLG0Cd2EnFDopZzjPsjGStj12eGyXvgmWPv1ohbSUkhkhIorp15i3MOiSn6gdsLmih-KoaUgBrLC7-nci1NZ/s4608/Mural%20-%20Lynn,%20MA%20-%206-2-2022.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKj-Pu4nR96WI9IfjVlUPE-luL4PY_3LYZr5D5EFpfEUVW--6Z-6DvizeulmoWRrZOmf0XD3Lvq1V4wgelvLuZj6EDUBA_wwFA40oLfLG0Cd2EnFDopZzjPsjGStj12eGyXvgmWPv1ohbSUkhkhIorp15i3MOiSn6gdsLmih-KoaUgBrLC7-nci1NZ/w640-h480/Mural%20-%20Lynn,%20MA%20-%206-2-2022.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div></div>Eric B. Schultzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03169391149462048777noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7279240094159602471.post-76131306002862239142022-01-10T12:55:00.004-05:002022-01-10T18:31:56.257-05:00The Theranos Catastrophe: It Takes a Village (or At Least a Valley)<p><span style="font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0in;"></span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgpVPlViZ1XQLJJ7Uda0kkueC9NcQNWACDABmZSdYYqsNCMwc4w6Jg171xYNfHkzPJTAXyhqBo5u1klA5LdPjLM6OvtdfBNKcLzz7LO_EMUz63l0VkcYUDyIoBtoE1XxNXHpyDbTOjuGQS-Gg6NdusVx-wfXtWHGZVxcNeLcum_1cRKB67E3jSv_0In=s1200" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="654" data-original-width="1200" height="174" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgpVPlViZ1XQLJJ7Uda0kkueC9NcQNWACDABmZSdYYqsNCMwc4w6Jg171xYNfHkzPJTAXyhqBo5u1klA5LdPjLM6OvtdfBNKcLzz7LO_EMUz63l0VkcYUDyIoBtoE1XxNXHpyDbTOjuGQS-Gg6NdusVx-wfXtWHGZVxcNeLcum_1cRKB67E3jSv_0In=w320-h174" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Brian Castellani, CC BY-SA 4.0 <br /><https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0>, <br />via Wikimedia Commons</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Like Enron, WorldCom, and other juicy corporate scandals, Theranos is fast becoming its own cottage industry of business wisdom.</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_edn1" name="_ednref1" style="font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0in;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">[1]</span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0in;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Some of the
lessons are obvious. <b>Don’t lie,</b> for example. You may have learned not to lie in
kindergarten, but Theranos is still a good reminder. Don’t lie to investors.
Don’t lie to your board or customers. Don’t lie to a jury.<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_edn2" name="_ednref2" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">This caution isn't about being optimistic or forward-thinking. There are few investors I know unable to distinguish a bald-faced lie from aggressive forecasting or leaning into the future, the stuff investors know to expect. (For a great discussion on this topic, see Dan Isenberg's oldie but goodie, <a href="https://hbr.org/2010/04/is-it-ok-for-entrepreneurs-lie">"Should Entrepreneurs Lie?"</a>) </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0in;">But if someone hands you a Pop-Tart and says it’s health food, you don’t need to call a
meeting to assess the matter. A lie is kind of like that.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Here’s another
lesson from Theranos:<b> If you take a board position, <i>do the work</i>. </b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Think about
the members of the Theranos board. Former Secretary of State George Shultz. Henry Kissinger.
U.S. Marine Corps Gen. James Mattis. And on and on. <i>Fortune </i>described Theranos’ directors as “the single most
accomplished board in U.S. corporate history.”<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_edn3" name="_ednref3" title=""><sup><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[3]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></sup></a>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Accomplished,
maybe. But engaged? Mattis saw the strength of Theranos CEO Elizabeth Holmes’s
vision as the sort of exceptional leadership he had witnessed in the military. Kissinger
was unable to compare her to anyone else “because I haven’t seen anyone with
her special attributes.” Ninety-three-year-old Shultz was struck by Holmes’s
“purity of motivation.”<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_edn4" name="_ednref4" title=""><sup><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[4]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></sup></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Obviously,
these gentlemen were recruited as trophy directors, not for their deep
knowledge of blood testing.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Which is all
good. Big-name directors can enhance the standing of a company. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">But if you
take a director’s job, <i>do the work</i>. Be engaged. It’s easy to see how old men can be charmed, but silly to think that
experienced leaders like Mattis, Shultz, and Kissinger--if they invest the time--could be hoodwinked by a
college dropout. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">For example,
this is how Holmes explained her fundamental technology: “A chemistry is
performed so that a chemical reaction occurs and generates a signal from the
chemical interaction with the sample, which is translated into a result, which
is then reviewed by certified laboratory personnel.”<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_edn5" name="_ednref5" title=""><sup><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[5]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></sup></a>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><b>If you were
sitting on the board of Theranos and heard that answer, wouldn’t your head have
exploded?</b> All Shultz or Mattis had to do was utter two words: “Show me.” <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">“Let’s walk
to the lab, take my blood, and show me how our machine spits out results. I’ve
got time. <i>Show me.”</i><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Learning if
a product or service works, or even exists, would seem to be the minimum responsibility
of a board member. A single, truly engaged Theranos director might have preserved
a half-billion in capital and kept an immoral, feckless, and reckless CEO from
facing a twenty-year prison term.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Which
brings me to the third, related lesson, and the one that interests me most: <b>Attributing
the Theranos catastrophe to Elizabeth Holmes, or any single “root cause,”
reflects a fundamental misunderstanding of how complex systems fail. <o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Adapted from science to social science, the theory of complex systems emerged
about a generation ago. It asks good questions, such as: </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Why do airplanes
crash, or nuclear power plants melt down? How do space shuttles suddenly explode?
Why do oil tankers break apart and ruin our environment?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Let’s begin
with that last question, about oil tankers, because it’s relevant to Theranos.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><b><span></span></b></span></p><a name='more'></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><b><br /></b><o:p></o:p></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><i><b></b></i></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; font-size: 12pt;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiPw3RwHLZMmNarXuIlYAziBEe39wg0cO67xtSY-EpqJKAi010O3D5P3TcdP4H_OIpEx6JBBonOHRuhYsy0bu7iRlmvXQksa30ei-KMcx2TEeDCwGS6obVTHTeWW7WeT9cpWdA_lXxzNA1YtCdOuwxbYifDWPn5QNUxuxptpkSUX7Wi4DZVo1-oUT30=s376" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="251" data-original-width="376" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiPw3RwHLZMmNarXuIlYAziBEe39wg0cO67xtSY-EpqJKAi010O3D5P3TcdP4H_OIpEx6JBBonOHRuhYsy0bu7iRlmvXQksa30ei-KMcx2TEeDCwGS6obVTHTeWW7WeT9cpWdA_lXxzNA1YtCdOuwxbYifDWPn5QNUxuxptpkSUX7Wi4DZVo1-oUT30=w320-h214" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Wikipedia</span></td></tr></tbody></table><i><b><br />The Exxon
Valdez<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></i><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">In March 1989,
the <i>Exxon Valdez </i>oil tanker ran
aground in the pristine waters off Prince William Sound, Alaska. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Over the
next two months, the ruptured ship released eleven million gallons of crude oil,
degrading nearly 1,300 miles of shoreline. This event still ranks among the
most devastating environmental disasters in US history. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The captain
of the ship, Joseph Hazelwood, was absent from the bridge at the time of the
accident and was soon accused of drinking before the tanker set sail. He immediately
became the scapegoat and an object of national scorn. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Exxon
subsequently fired him, the obvious “root cause” of the catastrophe. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Not
everyone was convinced that things were that simple, however. The “Fable of the
Drunken Skipper” that emerged, <i>The Guardian</i>
concluded, transformed “the most destructive oil spill in history into a tale
of human frailty—a terrible, but one-time, accident.”<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_edn6" name="_ednref6" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">It was like
blaming Elizabeth Holmes for the Theranos catastrophe. Both Holmes and
Hazelwood contributed to disaster, no question. But to be this bad at
something, to create one of the worst environmental disasters in US history or to
destroy a billion dollars in capital, is the doings of an entire community.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">If you want
to really mess something up, complex theory says, it takes a village.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><b>++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++</b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><i><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><b>Bad Blood </b><o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">In May
2018, readers got their first look at <i>Bad
Blood, </i>a gripping account by Pulitzer-prize-winning journalist John
Carreyrou of Holmes and Theranos. Carreyrou’s reporting was courageous and
brilliant. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The bottom
line, we learned at the time, was that Theranos consumed nearly a billion
dollars in capital but was unable to commercialize a safe, accurate blood test,
much less one capable of delivering on the CEO’s promise of reinventing
consumer medicine. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">On the way
to this disaster, Holmes lied to investors and partners, bullied the press and
her employees, and gambled with the lives of patients. “Her ambition was
voracious and it brooked no interference,” Carreyrou writes. “If there was
collateral damage on her way to riches and fame, so be it.”<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_edn7" name="_ednref7" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The rise
and fall was dramatic. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">In 2014,
Holmes was declared the world’s youngest self-made female billionaire. Four
years later, her wealth had evaporated. She had resigned from the company and
was facing lawsuits from Theranos customers who believed they had been harmed
by inaccurate test results. The Securities and Exchange Commission accused the
disgraced CEO of massive fraud. (For a recent update, see <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/03/technology/elizabeth-holmes-theranos.html?referringSource=articleShare">here</a>.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Elizabeth
Holmes had become the drunken skipper of the Theranos saga, an object of
national scorn, and the person identified as the root cause of a disaster that
never should have occurred. It was, like the fable of Joseph Hazelwood and the <i>Exxon Valdez</i>, an undeniable story of
human error, a terrible but one-off tragedy.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><b>++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++</b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><b>Complex Systems, Complex Failures</b><o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">In the last
generation, social scientists have adapted and expanded upon the older scientific
concept of “complex systems.” These systems are defined as networks where a
large number of components interact with each other, often in unusual and
unanticipated ways. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Where
scientists explore systems such as the internet, the human brain, and the
universe, social scientists study systems whose components include people,
technologies, resources, processes, rules, constraints, incentives, and goals, all
constantly in motion. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Complex
systems that are people-centered tend to be dynamic, collaborative, and asked
to perform demanding tasks under time pressure. These include data centers, oil
rigs, commercial aircraft, air traffic control centers, nuclear power plants, ocean
vessels, and operating rooms. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The modern American
entrepreneurial ecosystem possesses all the properties of a people-centered complex
system, including investors, entrepreneurs, employees, boards, universities, accelerators,
lawyers, regulators, and journalists. It features countless processes, each
with stated or unstated rules, goals, incentives, and myths, as well as complicated
technologies, both established and untested. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">These
components are interconnected and fluid. To succeed, they must be responsive to
unpredictable factors such as economic conditions, the supply of investment
capital, and the needs and desires of consumers. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Researchers
find complex systems to be robust, capable of recovering from single errors and
establishing safeguards to protect from recurrences. Because they are
continually stressed by change, however, such systems run in what observers
call a perpetually “degraded mode”—that is, close to the critical failure
point. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Single
errors are always seeking new ways to combine with other single errors,
threatening to cascade in spectacular ways. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><b>++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><i><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><b>The Exxon
Valdez Disaster as a Complex System</b><o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The
grounding of the <i>Exxon Valdez</i> is the
result of the failure of a complex system. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Captain
Hazelwood, in his bunk and possibly impaired, was an easy target of blame. But
subsequent analysis revealed a more complicated chain of events. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">To begin, local
government had ceded emergency response preparedness to the energy industry
which, in trying to save money, failed to fund the equipment required for rapid
clean-up of a spill in Prince William Sound. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Exxon was
accused of inconsistently supervising the captain, who was known to have a
substance abuse issue. To increase profits, the energy giant had reduced the
crew on the <i>Exxon Valdez</i> from
twenty-four to fourteen people, resulting in undermanned operations and insufficient
rest breaks. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">At the time
of the accident, the Third Mate was the only officer on the bridge, a violation
of company policy. In addition, he was not rated to navigate Prince William
Sound, a weakness magnified by a helmsman who failed to follow direct steering
orders. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The oil
tanker’s sophisticated radar was broken and had been inactive for the prior
year, judged too expensive to repair. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The ship
had traveled outside normal shipping lanes to avoid icebergs. The US Coast
Guard had failed to provide an effective vessel traffic system, and both the Coast
Guard and Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation were blamed for lax
enforcement of the shipping process. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Alaska
Oil Spill Commission concluded that the <i>Exxon
Valdez </i>oil spill was no fable of a drunken skipper, but “the result of the gradual
degradation of oversight and safety practices that had been intended . . . to
safeguard and backstop the inevitable mistakes of human beings.”<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_edn8" name="_ednref8" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The complex
system for shipping oil from Prince William Sound provides a tragic example of
a process that seemed to run flawlessly time after time but was full of
ever-shifting risk and perpetually close to a critical failure.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><b>+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><b>Sharp and Blunt Ends</b><o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">British
psychologist James Reason has studied the way people and processes contribute
to the breakdown of complex systems. Dr. Reason describes two opposing
explanations. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The “Person
approach” focuses on people at what he calls the <i>sharp end </i>of a system—those who are on the front lines, interacting
in risky situations. These sharp-end players include surgeons (and their
scalpels, hence the name), pilots, ship captains, air traffic controllers,
power plant operators—and, in the case of the entrepreneurial ecosystem,
investors and entrepreneurs. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Hazelton
and Holmes were both sharp-end players, responsible for decision-making in real-time. This “Person approach” attributes errors to factors such as carelessness,
negligence, and recklessness. “Blaming individuals is emotionally more
satisfying than targeting institutions,” Reason writes.<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_edn9" name="_ednref9" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Compare
this explanation to a “Systems approach” which says that humans are fallible. Errors
are a normal and often defensible part of a complex system. The so-called <i>blunt end</i> of such a system can more
effectively control the conditions under which errors occur, rather than trying
to fix human imperfection. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The blunt
end is comprised of many layers of policies, guidelines, regulations, and
incentives. Because individuals at the blunt end are rarely on the firing line,
they are apt to set rules that may overemphasize efficiency, profit, hierarchy,
or are ambiguous in other ways that create dilemmas for people at the sharp end.<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_edn10" name="_ednref10" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[10]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Sociologist
Charles Perrow, credited with revolutionizing the science of catastrophic
failure, describes one kind of blunt-end dilemma felt by sharp-end commercial
pilots. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">These
professionals can be pressured, Perrow writes, to avoid declaring the existence
of an icy runaway, which could close an airport and disrupt flights throughout
the entire system.<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_edn11" name="_ednref11" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[11]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Like many
players at the sharp end, these pilots are responsible for both “production”
(passenger revenue, on-time delivery) and “defense” (assessing runway
conditions, flying safely in extreme weather). This ambiguity illustrates the
nature of a complex system where one part creates conflicting procedures that
another part must resolve under pressure, in real-time. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Actions
taken at the sharp end almost always involve some sort of gamble. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">In 1998,
Dr. Richard Cook published a now-iconic summary of how complex systems fail,<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_edn12" name="_ednref12" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[12]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> concluding
the following:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo14;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Complex
systems are inherently and unavoidably hazardous.</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> The latent
risks within a system continually shift because people, technology,
organization, and goals are all dynamic. Changes that introduce improvements
also introduce new ways to fail. “Catastrophe is always just around the corner,”
Cook writes.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo14;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Attributing
catastrophe to a single “root cause” reflects a misunderstanding of failure. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Small
failures are almost always mitigated by system defenses. Catastrophe requires
the cascading of small, sometimes innocuous failures. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">In his book
<i>Outliers</i>, for example, Malcolm
Gladwell describes a typical plane crash as the result of seven factors, most
of them small and benign: slightly poor weather, the plane being a bit behind
schedule, a pilot being tired, two pilots never having flown together, and the
like. The conventional commercial jetliner, Gladwell writes, “is about as dependable
as a toaster. Plane crashes are much more likely to be the result of an
accumulation of minor difficulties and seemingly trivial malfunctions.”</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_edn13" name="_ednref13" title=""><sup><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[13]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></sup></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Hindsight
is biased.</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> Knowledge of the outcome poisons the ability of observers to recreate
the view of practitioners. After-accident reviews that suggest a catastrophe
should have been recognized in advance are usually naïve. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Activities at
the sharp end are gambles full of demands, dilemmas, conflicts, and
uncertainty.</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> The same people responsible in a complex system
for producing desired results are also responsible for defending against
failure. In good times, the emphasis is on production. After an accident, the
focus shifts to defense. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">While the
blunt end can afford to be ambiguous, Cook writes, “actions at the sharp end resolve
all ambiguity.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Dr. Cook’s
rules highlight one of the fundamental themes in entrepreneurship as it has
played out over the last 300 years in America:<i> </i>If the success of an entrepreneur is dependent on his ability to
build and leverage community, then entrepreneurial failure is also shared with community.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Elizabeth
Holmes unquestionably performed poorly as CEO, lying repeatedly and putting her
own interests above those of her investors and customers. But a complex system
is designed to defend against such aberrant players and flush them out long
before a catastrophe occurs. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">What made
Theranos different from a thousand other flawed technology startups that have
died quiet deaths was the unforeseeable combination of single failures that were
linked together in unanticipated ways: an inexperienced CEO who lied and
deceived, an “adult” Chief Operating Officer that only magnified the CEO’s
shortcomings, a lack of appropriate due diligence by investors and partners, and
the absence of financial auditors. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Throughout
the research and development phase, Holmes forbid transparency with the
scientific community and, for too long, with regulators. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">She was
able to create a siloed organization where the right hand was blind to what the
left hand was doing. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">She
operated a medical device company making a life-changing product with the abandon
of a software technology company making a consumer app. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">And,
observers point out, she kept excessive control as CEO, due to an unhealthy
imbalance between Theranos’s board and management team, both entities that she
controlled. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Despite
these many sharp-end failings, however, the theory of complex systems suggests
that Elizabeth Holmes and Theranos </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">should
also be measured against the incentives that made up the blunt end of the
entrepreneurial ecosystem. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">In the opening decades of the twenty-first century,
there were five compelling, unwritten, and highly ambiguous norms that influenced
the actions of Holmes and other Millennial-era CEOs. These included:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst"><b><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">a belief that
superior entrepreneurs should “dream big” <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><b><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">an allowance for CEOs
to “distort reality” when needed<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><b><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">a bias toward taking
risk by practicing “permissionless innovation,” <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><b><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">a willingness of
investors to place big bets and “swing for the fences” and,<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast"><b><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><b>a preference for
“jockey over horse,” or backing an entrepreneur despite flaws in technology,
markets, or business models. </b><o:p></o:p></span></p></blockquote>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">These norms operated within the context of a long and
optimistic bull market, an abundance of venture and corporate cash, low interest
rates, and the success of Facebook and subsequent rise of billion-dollar-valued
startups, or unicorns. Among investors, a “fear of missing out” on the next big
deal was so pervasive that it earned its own acronym, FOMO.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Measured in
the context of a complex system, the Theranos saga is a reminder that a single
CEO can raise a round of capital under false pretense, but it takes a village
to lose $900 million over fifteen years and put thousands of consumers at risk.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><b>+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><b>Blunt End 1: Dream Big</b><o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Steve Jobs died in 2011, the
same year that Walter Isaacson’s best-selling biography of the entrepreneur
came to market, a book that seemed to immediately influence the way in which countless
CEOs behaved. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">There is no question that
Holmes was one of those impressionable CEOs, an admirer so besotted with the
Apple CEO that his story dictated the way she dressed and spoke, the selection
of the company’s vehicles and advertising agency, and the siloed organization and
culture of secrecy upon which she insisted. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">There came a point, John
Carreyrou writes, when employees at Theranos could pinpoint the chapter Holmes
was reading in the Jobs biography based on her behavior. She even referred to
Jobs as if they were friends.</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_edn14" name="_ednref14" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[14]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">There was good reason that venture
capitalist Marc Andreesen, <i>Inc. </i>magazine,
and Holmes’s Stanford mentor Channing Robertson all saw in the young CEO “the
next Steve Jobs.” <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Devotees of
Jobs’s leadership style shared other traits. They emphasized beautiful design
in their pursuit of technological solutions. They believed that customers could
not always articulate what they wanted and often had to be shown the future. They
micromanaged the process of product development. They refused to suffer fools
and could place results over civility. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">But Steve
Jobs’s true mark on the entrepreneurial ecosystem—on shaping the ambiguities of
the blunt end—came down to two elements, both ingrained in Elizabeth Holmes’s
style. The first was this: </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">True entrepreneurs needed to think big and pursue gigantic,
game-changing innovation. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">One of Jobs’s most famous
quotes, appearing regularly on social media long after his death, is “I want to
put a ding in the universe.” In other words, an entrepreneur who wanted to be
like Steve Jobs should seek dramatic, world-changing disruption. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Holmes’s personal creation
myth had evolved to include the note she wrote her father when she was 9 years
old, saying she wanted to find </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">“something mankind didn’t know was possible to
do.”<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_edn15" name="_ednref15" title=""><sup><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[15]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></sup></a> She often told investors
that Theranos would reinvent consumer medicine, changing the world just as
Apple had changed consumer electronics. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Answering
charges by the <i>Wall Street Journal</i>,
she had gone on Jim Cramer’s CNBC television show to say, “First they think you’re crazy, then they fight you, and then,
all of a sudden, you change the world.”<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_edn16" name="_ednref16" title=""><sup><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[16]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></sup></a> It was a page taken directly from the playbook
of Steve Jobs, whose own history included being fired by Apple before returning
as a conquering hero to build the world’s most valuable company. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">The problem with putting a
“ding in the universe” is not that it can’t happen—and, in the case of Jobs,
does occasionally. However, the overwhelming number of stories of successful entrepreneurs
suggest that revolutionary innovation tends to be the unintended, unforeseen
result of a novel solution focused on some pressing, present need. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">In other words, entrepreneurs
who end up changing the future usually begin by focusing on changing the
present. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">My own experience in writing
about Willis Carrier is provides an excellent example. A recent Cornell grad, Carrier
attempted to solve the specific humidity problem of a printer in Brooklyn
trying to meet circulation deadlines. This would one day result in the founding
of a global, multibillion dollar HVAC industry and rise of America’s Sunbelt.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">I can assure you that these dings
in the universe were not part of Carrier’s initial plan. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">The modern entrepreneurial narrative
has concocted “big dream” creation myths around its marquee companies and
entrepreneurs in a way that can negatively impact naïve CEOs such as Elizabeth
Holmes. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">“Books
about technology start-ups have a pattern,” writes author Kate Crawford. “First,
there’s a grand vision of the founders, then the heroic journey of producing
new worlds from all-night coding and caffeine abuse, and finally the grand
finale, immense wealth and secular sainthood . . . The trouble,” Crawford
continues, “is that Silicon Valley now believes its own press.”<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_edn17" name="_ednref17" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[17]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Sheryl Sandberg’s address to Barnard graduates in 2011
laid out this toxic, blunt-end myth: “The one thing I’ve learned working with
great entrepreneurs—Mark Zuckerberg at Facebook, Larry Page and Sergey Brin at
Google,” she said, “is that if you want to make a difference, <i>you better think big and dream big, right
from day one</i>.”</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_edn18" name="_ednref18" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[18]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Mark Zuckerberg’s original vision for Facebook was to
create an online directory for college students. It was more “Yellow Pages”
than ding in the universe. Zuckerberg’s lofty goal in 2005 was to move from
serving 800 schools to 2,000 U.S. colleges. “There doesn’t necessarily have to
be more,” Zuckerberg said.<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_edn19" name="_ednref19" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[19]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> Only
later as Zuckerberg breathed the rarefied air of Silicon Valley did his big-dream
creation myth emerge.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">As grad students at Stanford, Larry Page and Sergey
Brin were fascinated with the mathematics of the Web, but Page recalled that it
was never his intention to create a search engine. He wanted his work to be
useful and “figured if I ended up building something that was going to
potentially benefit a lot of people . . . then I would be open to
commercializing it.”<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_edn20" name="_ednref20" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[20]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">By 1998, Google was outgrowing Stanford’s computing
resources. The reluctant entrepreneurs were forced to either launch a company
or scale back their work. They decided to incorporate, though observers recall how
sad Page and Brin were the day they were forced to leave Stanford and begin
operating a company full-time. By mid-1999, there was still no viable business
model; both founders were suspicious of mixing advertising and search, or of
putting the interests of advertisers ahead of users. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">By early 2001 the company still had no plan for making
money. While Google would eventually ding the universe, the idea that its
founders set out with a big dream is a myth of the ecosystem. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">If</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Elizabeth Holmes had not
been convinced that the only good idea was an enormous, game-changing idea, she
might have scaled back her claims for Theranos. She might have put science and
transparency ahead of hype. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">The company might have
focused on perfecting a handful of tests and a simpler business model, one that
would have achieved success in stages, consumed capital in smaller bites, and
scaled in a way that respected the well-being of employees, the health of
patients—and the truth. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">The traditional cautionary tale
around Holmes is about lying and deception at the sharp end when it might just
as well be about her embracing the myth of the big dream perpetrated at the
blunt end of the entrepreneurial ecosystem.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><b>Blunt End #2: Distort Reality</b><o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">A second lethal blunt-end
myth, also sourced back to Steve Jobs, would prove equally detrimental to
Holmes’s efforts to build Theranos.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Jobs was famous for his ability
to project what observers came to call a “reality distortion field.” One of
Apple’s software developers, Bud Tribble, coined the term when Jobs informed
his product team that they would ship the Macintosh computer in ten months, at
the time an impossibility. In Jobs’s presence, Tribble said, “reality is
malleable. He can convince anyone of practically anything. It [the effect of
the reality distortion field] wears off when he’s not around, but it makes it
hard to have realistic schedules.”<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_edn21" name="_ednref21" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[21]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">When Elizabeth Holmes was in
the presence of others, she threw an especially potent reality distortion
field. Even in the face of intense pressure, she could be calm, assured, and
command ideas before an audience. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">“Like her idol Steve Jobs,”
Carreyrou writes, “she emitted a reality distortion field that forced people to
momentarily suspend belief.”</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_edn22" name="_ednref22" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[22]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">If there was a turning point
in the Theranos saga, a single error which allowed the chain reaction of other
errors to multiply, it probably occurred in March 2008. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">By then, Holmes had raised
less than $50 million of the $900 million she would eventually consume. No
patients had been hurt. Theranos looked like most any other start-up,
struggling to make its promise a reality. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">However, about that time,
the company’s head of sales and marketing, and its general counsel approached a
board member to say that Holmes was presenting financial projections detached
from reality. Her budgets went beyond aggressive forecasting, common to
successful entrepreneurs. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Instead, Holmes was
promising numbers that were impossible to make even if the Edison product
worked, which it did not. In short, she was lying to her own board of
directors. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">The complaint made its way
to the chairman of the board, Don Lucas, a seasoned investor who convened an
emergency meeting of directors. Holmes waited outside as the board talked. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">“After some discussion,”
Carreyrou writes, “the four men reached a consensus: they would remove
Elizabeth as CEO. She had proven herself too young and inexperienced for the
job.” <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Another director, Tom
Brodeen, would lead the company while the search for a new, permanent CEO was
conducted. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">This move was the kind of normal
leadership change made on by startup boards which find their founder
overwhelmed by her creation. Yet, when Holmes was informed of the decision, Carreyrou
writes, something unexpected occurred:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: .5in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0.5in 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Over the course of the next two hours, Elizabeth convinced them to
change their minds. She told them she recognized there were issues with her
management and promised to change. She would be more transparent and responsive
going forward. It wouldn’t happen again. Brodeen . . . watched as Elizabeth
used just the right mix of contrition and charm to gradually win back his three
board colleagues. It was an impressive performance, he thought. A much older
and more experienced CEO skilled in the art of corporate infighting would have
been hard-pressed to turn the situation around like she had. He was reminded of
an old saying: “When you strike at the king, you must kill him.”</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_edn23" name="_ednref23" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[23]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">The king, or queen survived,
however, and a few weeks later the managers who had complained about her were
fired. (These dismissals alone might have brought another board back for an emergency
session, a second sharp-end failure of Theranos directors.) <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">The impossible projections
never stopped, however. The lying grew. The Edison product never caught up with
its hype. Holmes’s reality distortion field had worked so effectively at a
pivotal moment in the history of the company that, in retrospect, she seems to
have made it a primary component of her management style. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">An impartial observer might
define the reality distortion field as some combination of wishful thinking,
self-deception, and bold-faced lying. Regardless of these negative attributes,
in Silicon Valley it was a virtue. The blunt end of the entrepreneurial
ecosystem endorsed a skill that, used unambiguously at the sharp end, could
create a Steve Jobs and the most valuable company in the world, or could land a
CEO in jail.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><a name="_Hlk509219174"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">This theme, sometimes articulated by entrepreneurs as “fake it till
you make it,” is endemic to the modern ecosystem. <o:p></o:p></span></a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The month after the <i>Wall Street Journal</i>’s<i> </i>October
2015 takedown of Theranos, entrepreneur Micah Rosenbloom endorsed Theranos’s
“misleading story” because “start-ups by definition should evangelize a future
vision.” Rosenbloom concluded that
nobody had been hurt, except the media, adding that he’d rather have the
Theranos and the Ubers of the world seeking breakthroughs, “even if we stub our
toes, or prick our fingers, in the process.”</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_edn24" name="_ednref24" title=""><sup><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[24]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></sup></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The advantage of perfecting a reality distortion
field and practicing this “fake it till you make it” attitude, Ryan told
entrepreneurs, is that if you do it long enough, “You basically start to
believe your own bullshit . . . and that’s a good thing.”</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_edn25" name="_ednref25" title=""><sup><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[25]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></sup></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Or, as it turned out at Theranos, maybe not. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><b>+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><b>Blunt End #3: Practice Permissionless Innovation</b><o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">A third
pervasive belief at the blunt end of the modern entrepreneurial ecosystem, a
belief that can also be wielded destructively at the sharp end, involves the
concept of permissionless technology. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">That’s the
belief that experimentation with new technologies in a society should be
permitted by default. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">This
principle contrasts with a “precautionary approach” that dictates entrepreneurs
should prove that their innovation will not cause harm or break laws before
they unleash it on the public.<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_edn26" name="_ednref26" title=""><sup><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[26]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></sup></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Today’s enthusiasm
for technology implied in permissionless innovation came as a result of
America’s experience with the Web, computers, and software—a digital troika
that grew spectacularly with little regulation or government oversight. Elizabeth
Holmes built her blood-testing company in that free-wheeling environment.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">For many
consumer products, permissionless innovation is acceptable. A first release can
be thrown today and “good enough” to get feedback and lead to improvement. This
so-called “minimally viable product” becomes the toehold necessary to gather
data and buy time to complete a more robust, fully-featured product. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">As CEO
Zuckerberg told his development teams, "Unless you are breaking stuff, you
are not moving fast enough."<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_edn27" name="_ednref27" title=""><sup><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[27]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></sup></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Theranos
was competing in a different arena, however, one that directly impacted
consumer health. Breaking stuff on the way to creating a reliable consumer
blood test was bound to have real consequences. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The company
was attempting to combine hardware, software, and biochemistry, a complex blend
well beyond a consumer software product. And there was a nagging concern that
the human finger itself might need a redesign in order for Theranos to have a
dependable sample quality. These hurdles were substantial, and Theranos would
have benefited immeasurably from regular feedback by scientists and regulators,
and careful patient testing. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Theranos’s
desire to protect its competitive position, however, encouraged the company to initially
bypass the traditional FDA and peer-review process. Both could have provided an
early check-and-balance on the company’s faith in its own technology. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Reporter
Joe Rago understood this rationale, writing that the company, if it went public,
would invite “a hell of a battle with the health care industry, where the
incentives are rigged against start-ups and the empire usually finds a way of
striking back.”<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_edn28" name="_ednref28" title=""><sup><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[28]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></sup></a> Uber has faced similar
issues with the taxi industry, and Airbnb with the hotel industry, pitting
innovation that could benefit millions against the threat to a handful of
entrenched competitors. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">All three
companies would engage in a “don’t ask for permission, beg for forgiveness”
product development and delivery strategy. This permissionless innovation was epitomized
by one of the heroes of the modern ecosystem, author Ayn Rand’s, who is often
quoted as having written, “The question isn’t who is going to let me; it’s who
is going to stop me.” <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">In
America’s entrepreneurial ecosystem, the assumption is that technology will ultimately
prevail, and that innovation is so important to society that entrepreneurs
should be unconstrained by rules and regulations. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">“Will
innovators be forced to seek the blessing of public officials before they
develop and deploy new devices and services,” the home page of the free-market
think tank Mercatus Center of George Mason University asks, “or will they be
generally left free to experiment with new technologies and business models?”<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_edn29" name="_ednref29" title=""><sup><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[29]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></sup></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Venture
capitalist Balaji Srinivasan has extended this idea into what he calls “Silicon
Valley’s Ultimate Exit,” suggesting that the San Francisco tech community
should separate from the United States—“whether to the cloud for purely digital
technologies, or to a Special Innovation Zone or ultimately a startup
nation”—as a way to test new technologies “among a self-selected, opt-in group
of risk-tolerant early adopters.”<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_edn30" name="_ednref30" title=""><sup><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[30]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></sup></a> His idea is of a society of
“Inverse Amish” who live peacefully in the future, “a place where Google Glass
wearers are normal, where self-driving cars and delivery drones aren't
restricted by law, and where we can experiment with new technologies without
causing undue disruption to others.”<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_edn31" name="_ednref31" title=""><sup><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[31]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></sup></a>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Srinivasan
is not alone in his libertarian, separatist vision. Google’s Larry Page has
talked about setting aside a part of the world for unregulated experimentation.
Peter Thiel invested in sea steading (an island nation set on concrete stilts
in the open sea). And Tim Draper made a proposal to divide Silicon Valley into
its own state. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The
Mercatus website offered several position papers on the role of the FDA in the
development of medical devices. None of them reflect favorably on that
regulatory agency. One paper, published just as Theranos was gaining market
visibility in 2014, argues that a “Fortress”-like mentality with “an excessive
aversion to risk and deference to medical insiders” has held back innovation in
health care. Consumers would be better served by a “Frontier” approach that
tolerates risk and stresses better health care for more people at lower cost on
a continuous basis.”<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_edn32" name="_ednref32" title=""><sup><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[32]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></sup></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Conversely,
MIT professor Edward B. Roberts argues that successful innovation of medical
devices depends on extensive interplay between the entrepreneur, clinical
users, and the FDA. “It is nearly impossible for a biomedically oriented
company to perform effectively independent of that clinical environment,”
Roberts writes.<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_edn33" name="_ednref33" title=""><sup><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[33]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></sup></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">From the
moment an innovation process begins, the impact of regulation must be factored
in, making impossible the likelihood of keeping invention secret. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Theranos met
this challenge by sidestepping regulators, shielding intellectual capital, and
practicing permissionless innovation. Holmes endorsed an extreme, questionable,
and ambiguous blunt-end concept wholeheartedly, helping to sink her company.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><b>++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><b>Blunt End #4: Swing for the Fences</b><o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">It was 1983
and Hollywood had suffered a series of flops including <i>Heaven’s Gate</i>, a $44 million debacle that sunk the United Artists
movie studio. William Goldman looked across more than fifty years of film
production experience, legions of talented executives, artists, and movie
stars, and reams of audience research to determine that “Nobody knows
anything.” <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Producing a
new movie, Goldman had concluded, involved as much luck in 1984 as it had in
1910, and anyone who believed they could pick the next hit was delusional.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The modern
entrepreneurial ecosystem is just as uncertain. Despite the bravado, nobody
knows anything—or at least not much. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Antonio
Garcia Martinez, who spent time on Wall Street with Goldman Sachs and in
Silicon Valley with Facebook, describes the entrepreneurial journey as
something that appears to be an organized process but is really an
underinformed, hit-or-miss proposition, a “sort of flailing thing in which
really nobody knows where the future lies.” <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">It
is the difference, in philosopher Karl Popper’s terms, between the clock that
many want it to be, and the cloud that it really is.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: .5in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0.5in 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">You try ten things; two sort of work
out, and then one succeeds beyond all expectations. You really only understand
why in retrospect, and nobody would have guessed it. Which is what happened to
Facebook, by the way. . . . And the weird part of it is . . . it’s a complete
winner take-all society, where the guy who combines a little bit of technical
skill, with good timing, with happenstance, with two or three other things
going on in that industry landscape—he cashes out to the tune of potentially
billions . . . and then the other guy who maybe didn’t quite have the right
winds in his sails, who didn’t quite get the right breaks, gets literally zero.<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_edn34" name="_ednref34" title=""><sup><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[34]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></sup></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Betting on
the future is difficult. Investors recognize the steep odds against picking the
next big idea. Incentives for entrepreneurs change. Technology creates new
opportunities and new risks. Half of all carefully chosen, well-vetted, fully
supported deals will wash out. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The result
of this uncertainty in the modern entrepreneurial ecosystem is not to be less
bold, however, but to be bolder—to swing for the fences. It is an essential
feature of the ecosystem, a counterintuitive blunt-end dictate that almost
certainly shaped the activities of Theranos’s investors.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Venture
capital returns are skewed, Peter Thiel explains, creating a “power law” where
“a small handful of companies radically outperform all others.” Thiel instructs
would-be investors to “Only invest in companies that have the potential to
return the value of the entire fund.”<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_edn35" name="_ednref35" title=""><sup><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[35]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></sup></a>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Since this
is such a restrictive rule, Thiel concludes, there are no other rules. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Thiel’s
advice is sometimes known as the “Babe Ruth Effect,” since Ruth was famously
quoted as saying, “I swing big, with everything I’ve got. I hit big or I miss
big.”<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_edn36" name="_ednref36" title=""><sup><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[36]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></sup></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Measured by
venture capital returns, 4.5 percent of dollars invested generate about 60
percent of total returns. In fact, most venture firms lose money on about half
their deals as a matter of course. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">However,
the best firms had more deals that did not return the original investment,
suggesting that the way to achieve superior returns is to take more risk rather
than less.<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_edn37" name="_ednref37" title=""><sup><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[37]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></sup></a> “Great funds,” venture
investor Chris Dixon writes, “not only have more home runs, they have home runs
of greater magnitude,” prompting VC Bill Gurley to call his industry “a grand
slam business.”<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_edn38" name="_ednref38" title=""><sup><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[38]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></sup></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The “Babe
Ruth Effect” creates an incentive among competing venture capitalists to
identify and double-down on start-ups they believe will deliver outsized
returns, even at the risk of greater losses. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">“Some VCs
are truly bold,” writes venture capitalist Lisa Suennen, expressing an
admiration common in the entrepreneurial ecosystem. “They back ideas that others
say are impossible. Like firemen, when everybody runs away they run towards.” <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Suennen
concludes by saying “These are the good ones.”<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_edn39" name="_ednref39" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[39]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Theranos had
a big idea that made investors want to run toward the fire, despite the risk of
being consumed. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">None of
this pressure excuses inadequate due diligence or lackadaisical management
oversight, but it does explain a myths-driven, blunt-end concept that, translated at the sharp end, helped to destroy investor value at Theranos. The
company’s vision was so grand, many investors believed, that a successful
investment in Elizabeth Holmes and her narrative of disruption could secure the
return of an entire venture fund. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">This incentive
was especially powerful for investors who might have passed on a company like Facebook
or missed out on investing in Uber or Airbnb.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">A
successful grand-slam investment delivers intangible rewards beyond financial
return. A single marquee win can become an imprimatur on an investor’s resume,
imparting lifetime bragging rights. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">When <i>Forbes</i> ranked the hundred best venture
capitalists in the world in 2017, twenty of them made the list because of their
investments in Twitter (founded 2006) or Facebook (founded 2004). The failed
investments made by these leading venture capitalists, which must number in the
thousands collectively and represent perhaps 60 percent of their lifetime work,<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_edn40" name="_ednref40" title=""><sup><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[40]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></sup></a> are simply not a factor in
the formation of their reputations.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">This
willingness to be bold on both the part of the entrepreneur and the investor
has warped the modern ecosystem. Bill Gurley of Benchmark Partners described
this phenomenon in mid-2015, the peak of the Theranos story, saying, “There is
no fear in Silicon Valley right now. . . . Everyone is trying to become the
next billion-dollar company, the next unicorn.”<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_edn41" name="_ednref41" title=""><sup><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[41]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></sup></a>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Theranos might
have been a risky medical device start-up with an untested CEO and unproven
product, but it was also a potential financial windfall and source of lifetime
bragging rights. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><b>+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><b>Blunt End Ambiguity #5: Choose Jockey over Horse</b><o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">A final and
well-accepted blunt-end precept of the modern entrepreneurial ecosystem is
described as “jockey over horse.” It says, given a choice between a strong
entrepreneur with a questionable business concept, and a questionable
entrepreneur with a strong business concept, bet on the strong entrepreneur.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">A 2016
study of 885 institutional venture capitalists at 681 firms determined that the
management team of a start-up was more important than any business-related
characteristic. In fact, business-related factors such as product, market, and
industry were rated as “most important” by only 37 percent of venture firms.<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_edn42" name="_ednref42" title=""><sup><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[42]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></sup></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">All eyes
are on the defining qualities of the jockey; one with experience is valued, but
one with a big, passionate story is cherished. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Renowned
venture capitalist Ron Conway attributes his success to zeroing in on the
founders “and what makes them tick.” His key questions are, “Do they have good
vision? Are they focused on the product?” He characterizes himself as someone
who “can hardly get the phone to work,” and, when it comes to evaluating
start-ups, as someone who does not “get into how many lines of code it takes.” <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Instead, he
cares about the personal characteristics of the founder. “And the fact that I’m
successful,” he says, “proves that you don’t have to be an engineer to invest
in engineers.”<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_edn43" name="_ednref43" title=""><sup><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[43]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></sup></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Sam Altman</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">, the co-founder of Y Combinator, wrote
similarly, “The most important thing we do . . . is pick great founders.”<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_edn44" name="_ednref44" title=""><sup><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[44]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></sup></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">In this
regard, Elizabeth Holmes passed with flying colors. Her origin story resonated.
Her celebrity board functioned not as a check on her ambition, but as a
reinforcing element of her charisma. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Reporters
for <i>Bloomberg</i> characterize Holmes as
“the bright-eyed woman the media clambered over themselves to mythologize.”<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_edn45" name="_ednref45" title=""><sup><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[45]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></sup></a> And Theranos employee Tyler
Shultz could sense the power of her reality distortion field, saying that she
“is extremely convincing, really makes you feel she cares so much about you,
about helping the world, selling her vision all the time.”<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_edn46" name="_ednref46" title=""><sup><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[46]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></sup></a>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Personal
stories like that of Holmes, Nick Bilton writes, act as a “lubricant in the
Valley,” helping to advance “one big confidence game in which entrepreneurs,
venture capitalists, and the tech media pretend to vet one another while, in
reality, functioning as cogs in a machine that is designed to not question
anything.” <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The horse
is important, but the Millennial-era jockey with courage, ambition, and vision
is dominant in the modern ecosystem. And in this world of great uncertainty, a
good story can occasionally overwhelm the truth. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">What
happens in an ecosystem that already favors the entrepreneur when cash is so
plentiful and venture competition so stiff that it becomes a sellers’ market? <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">That’s the
situation Holmes found herself in as she built Theranos: a raging bull market,
record-low interest rates, American corporations sitting on mountains of case,
venture capital firms raising record amounts of funding, and the rise of
billion-dollar unicorns. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Facebook
paid $19 billion for WhatsApp and $2 billion for virtual reality headset maker
Oculus VR. Microsoft acquired <i>Minecraft </i>for
$2.5 billion. Apple paid $3 billion for headphone maker Beats. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Meanwhile,
a new class of investors, including mutual funds and sovereign wealth funds,
began to compete with venture firms. Rivalry and returns placed enormous
pressure on investors not to miss the next big win—FOMO—while encouraging venture
firms to handle entrepreneurs with kid gloves for fear any slight transgression
might damage their reputation and shut them out of the next big opportunity.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">For an
entrepreneur like Elizabeth Holmes, it was too much of a good thing. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">In his
article, “When Founders Go Too Far,” professor and entrepreneur Steve Blank
makes the case that founders are now able to lead their companies “long past
the point when VCs [venture capitalists] would traditionally have brought in
‘professional’ CEOs.”</span><a name="_Hlk500238143"></a><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_edn47" name="_ednref47" title=""><sup><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[47]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></sup></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> This permissive practice has allowed
founders, Blank adds, to create two classes of stock designed to maintain
control. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">In the case
of Theranos, Elizabeth Holmes raised nearly $700 million in venture capital
funding but was able to retain 98.3 percent of voting shares.</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_edn48" name="_ednref48" title=""><sup><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[48]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></sup></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> Her board
gradually evolved into a set of directors without any substantial financial
stake in the company. And even if directors had “skin in the game,” under
Theranos’s governance rules, the board could not make a decision unless Holmes
was present.</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_edn49" name="_ednref49" title=""><sup><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[49]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></sup></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Consequently,
as she raised the lion’s share of her funding, she was in little danger of
being challenged much less replaced, no matter how erratic the performance of
Theranos was. “The board is just a placeholder,” she said. “I make all the
decisions here.”<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_edn50" name="_ednref50" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[50]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">A jockey-over-horse
mentality combined with a frothy sellers’ market created blunt-end expectations
that hurt Elizabeth Holmes. Her grip on the company was so strong that she was
able to raise funds and operate her business for a decade without revealing to
investors how, and how poorly, the technology worked.</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_edn51" name="_ednref51" title=""><sup><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[51]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></sup></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">A novice
CEO with a rudimentary science background intent on designing a life-altering
consumer medical device was, nonetheless, a jockey worth backing. “Given the
extraordinary power imbalance that’s now the norm in Silicon Valley,” Blank
writes, “it should be of no surprise that many founder-CEOs are behaving badly.
In fact,” he adds, “the real surprise may be that so many of them still behave
well.”</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_edn52" name="_ednref52" title=""><sup><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[52]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></sup></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><b>+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><b>Complex System, Complex Explanations</b><o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Theranos stumbled repeatedly
and visibly at the sharp end of the complex entrepreneurial ecosystem. The CEO
failed to perform, as did the board, partners, and investors. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The “Person
approach” of complex systems explains the demise of the company by placing
blame on individuals such as Holmes, Lucas, Balwani, and Robertson. The ripple
effect of their individual errors proved to be catastrophic. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">James
Reason reminds us, however, that there is a better way to understand the
failure of a complex system. “When an adverse event occurs,” he writes, “the
important issue is not who blundered, but how and why the defenses failed.”<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_edn53" name="_ednref53" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[53]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">In the case
of Theranos, its CEO, and its investors, the dictates of the ecosystem were
clear: Dream big or don’t bother dreaming at all. Bend the truth to meet your
needs. Innovate without permission and fail fast, knowing that collateral
damage is acceptable because innovation trumps all. Swing fearlessly for the
fences, recognizing that the best investors may fail more, but also win the
marquee deals. And favor jockey over horse, betting on an entrepreneur despite flawed
technology and a questionable business model. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">While
individuals like Elizabeth Holmes often take the rap for the collapse of a
complex system, modern theory suggests that catastrophic failure is the combination
of individual failure powered by the incentives, myths, and ambiguities of the
village where the individual resides. </span> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><o:p> </o:p></p><div>
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<!--[endif]-->
<div id="edn1">
<h1 style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_ednref1" name="_edn1" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> Gabrielle Oya, “Enron and the 24 Other Most Epic Corporate
Downfalls of All Time,” <i>Yahoo!</i>, August 18, 2020, Web January 9, 2022, </span><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="https://www.yahoo.com/now/enron-24-other-most-epic-184839865.html"><span color="windowtext" style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">https://www.yahoo.com/now/enron-24-other-most-epic-184839865.html</span></a></span></span><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">.</span><o:p></o:p></span></h1>
</div>
<div id="edn2">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_ednref2" name="_edn2" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
Hannah Towey, “Juror from Elizabeth Holmes Trial Says the Jury Scored Each
Witness on Their Trustworthiness—and the Theranos Founder Ranked the Lowest,” <i>Insider
Inc., </i>January 5, 2022, Web, January 9, 2022, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/elizabeth-holmes-ranked-low-on-trustworthiness-jury-trial-report-2022-1#:~:text=Elizabeth%20Holmes%20was%20found%20guilty,stars%20%E2%80%94%20Holmes%20scored%20a%20two">https://www.businessinsider.com/elizabeth-holmes-ranked-low-on-trustworthiness-jury-trial-report-2022-1#:~:text=Elizabeth%20Holmes%20was%20found%20guilty,stars%20%E2%80%94%20Holmes%20scored%20a%20two</a></span><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn3">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_ednref3" name="_edn3" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
Roger Parloff, “This CEO is Out for Blood,” <i>Fortune</i>,
June 12, 2014, Web November 21, 2017, <a href="http://fortune.com/2014/06/12/theranos-blood-holmes/">http://fortune.com/2014/06/12/theranos-blood-holmes/</a>.
The board changed from time to time, and also included in 2014 William H.
Foege, the former director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn4">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_ednref4" name="_edn4" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
All three references from Roger Parloff, “A Singular Board at Theranos,” <i>Fortune</i>, June 12, 2014, Web November 22,
2017, http://fortune.com/2014/06/12/theranos-board-directors/. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn5">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_ednref5" name="_edn5" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
Ken Auletta, “Blood, Simpler,” <i>The New
Yorker</i>, December 15, 2014, Web November 22, 2017,
https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2014/12/15/blood-simpler.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn6">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_ednref6" name="_edn6" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
“Ten Years After But Who Was to Blame?”, <i>The
Guardian</i>, March 21, 1999, Web June 25, 2018, <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/business/1999/mar/21/observerbusiness.bp">https://www.theguardian.com/business/1999/mar/21/observerbusiness.bp</a>.
In 2010, the Deepwater Horizon oil spill became the largest in US history.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn7">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_ednref7" name="_edn7" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
John Carreyrou, <i>Bad Blood: Secrets and
Lies in a Silicon Valley Startup</i>, New York: Borzoi (Alfred A. Knopf), 2018,
p. 299.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn8">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_ednref8" name="_edn8" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
“Details About the Accident,” <i>Final
Report, Alaska Oil Spill Commission, </i>February 1990, State of Alaska, Web
June 25, 2018, <a href="http://www.evostc.state.ak.us/index.cfm?FA=facts.details">http://www.evostc.state.ak.us/index.cfm?FA=facts.details</a>.
See also James Liszka, “Lessons from the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill: A Case Study
in Retributive and Corrective Justice for Harm to the Environment,” <i>Ethics & the Environment</i>, Indiana
University Press, Volume 15, Number 2, Fall 2010, pp. 1-30.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn9">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_ednref9" name="_edn9" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
James Reason, “Human Error: Models and Management,” <i>British Medical Journal</i>, March 18, 2000, Web June 14, 2018,
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1117770/.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn10">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_ednref10" name="_edn10" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[10]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
Richard I. Cook and David D. Woods, “Operating at the Sharp End: The Complexity
of Human Error,” MS Bogner, ed., <i>Human
Error in Medicine</i>, Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum and Associates, 1994, 257.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn11">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_ednref11" name="_edn11" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[11]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
Charles Perrow, <i>Normal Accidents: Living
with High Risk Technologies, </i>Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999,
loc. 2503.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn12">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_ednref12" name="_edn12" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[12]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
Richard I Cook, MD, “How Complex Systems Fail,” Cognitive Technologies
Laboratory, University of Chicago, 1998, 1999, 2000, Revision D, Web June 14,
2018, <a href="http://web.mit.edu/2.75/resources/random/How%20Complex%20Systems%20Fail.pdf">http://web.mit.edu/2.75/resources/random/How%20Complex%20Systems%20Fail.pdf</a>.
The author has combined and adapted Dr. Cook’s summary for purposes of this
chapter.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn13">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_ednref13" name="_edn13" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[13]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
Malcolm Gladwell, <i>Outliers: The Story of
Success</i>, New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2008, 184.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn14">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_ednref14" name="_edn14" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[14]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
John Carreyrou, <i>Bad Blood: Secrets and
Lies in a Silicon Valley Startup</i>, New York: Borzoi (Alfred A. Knopf), 2018,
p. 100.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn15">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_ednref15" name="_edn15" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[15]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
Roger Parloff, “This CEO is Out for Blood,” <i>Fortune</i>,
June 12, 2014, Web November 21, 2017, http://fortune.com/2014/06/12/theranos-blood-holmes/.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn16">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_ednref16" name="_edn16" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[16]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
Matthew Herper, “Bad Blood: The Decline and Fall of Elizabeth Holmes and
Theranos,” <i>Forbes</i>, October 8, 2016,
Web December 6, 2017,
https://www.forbes.com/sites/matthewherper/2016/10/08/bad-blood-the-decline-and-fall-of-elizabeth-holmes-and-theranos/#2b5e8bb5c335.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn17">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_ednref17" name="_edn17" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[17]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
Kate Crawford, “Social Net Worth,” <i>The
New York Times Book Review</i>, November 16, 2014, 13.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn18">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_ednref18" name="_edn18" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[18]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
Emphasis by the author. “Transcript and Video of Speech by Sheryl Sandberg,
Chief Operating Officer, Facebook,” Barnard College Commencement, May 17, 2011,
New York City,
http://barnard.edu/headlines/transcript-and-video-speech-sheryl-sandberg-chief-operating-officer-facebook.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn19">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_ednref19" name="_edn19" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[19]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
Alexia Tsotsis, “2005 Zuckerberg Didn’t Want to Take Over the World,” August
13, 2011,
http://techcrunch.com/2011/08/13/2005-zuckerberg-didnt-want-to-take-over-the-world/.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn20">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_ednref20" name="_edn20" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[20]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
John Battelle, “The Search: How Google and Its Rivals Rewrote the Rules of
Business and Transformed Our Culture,” New York: Penguin Group, 2005, Kindle
edition, Loc. 1135.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn21">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_ednref21" name="_edn21" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[21]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
Sir John Hargrave, “How Steve Jobs Created the Reality Distortion Field (and
You Can, Too),” <i>Medium</i>, January 25,
2016, Web July 12, 2018, https://medium.com/@jhargrave/how-steve-jobs-created-the-reality-distortion-field-and-you-can-too-4ba87781adba.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn22">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_ednref22" name="_edn22" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[22]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
John Carreyrou, <i>Bad Blood: Secrets and
Lies in a Silicon Valley Startup</i>, New York: Borzoi (Alfred A. Knopf), 2018,
p. 290.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn23">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_ednref23" name="_edn23" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[23]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
John Carreyrou, <i>Bad Blood: Secrets and
Lies in a Silicon Valley Startup</i>, New York: Borzoi (Alfred A. Knopf), 2018,
p. 50.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn24">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_ednref24" name="_edn24" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[24]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
Micah Rosenbloom, “In Defense of Theranos,” <i>TechCrunch</i>,
November 21, 2015, Web December 6, 2017,
https://techcrunch.com/2015/11/21/in-defense-of-theranos/.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn25">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_ednref25" name="_edn25" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[25]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
“Step-by-Step Fundraising Tactics from the NYC Legend Who Raised $750M,” <i>First Round Review</i>, Web December 16,
2017, http://firstround.com/review/step-by-step-fundraising-tactics-from-the-nyc-legend-who-raised-750m/.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn26">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_ednref26" name="_edn26" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[26]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
“What is Permissionless Innovation?”, Mercatus Center at George Mason
University, 2017, Web December 5, 2017,
http://permissionlessinnovation.org/what-is-permissionless-innovation/.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn27">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_ednref27" name="_edn27" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[27]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
“Mark Zuckerberg, Moving Fast and Breaking Things,” <i>Business Insider</i>, October 14, 2010, Web December 21, 2017,
http://www.businessinsider.com/mark-zuckerberg-2010-10.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn28">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_ednref28" name="_edn28" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[28]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
Joseph Rago, “Elizabeth Holmes: The Breakthrough of Instant Diagnosis,” <i>The Wall Street Journal</i>, September 8,
2013, Web November 21, 2017,
https://www.wsj.com/articles/elizabeth-holmes-the-breakthrough-of-instant-diagnosis-1378526813.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn29">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_ednref29" name="_edn29" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[29]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
“What is Permissionless Innovation?”, Mercatus Center at George Mason
University, 2017, Web December 5, 2017,
http://permissionlessinnovation.org/what-is-permissionless-innovation/.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn30">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_ednref30" name="_edn30" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[30]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
Balaji Srinivasan, <i>TwitLonger</i>,
January 3, 2014, Web December 1, 2017, http://www.twitlonger.com/show/n_1rvcjrg.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn31">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_ednref31" name="_edn31" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[31]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
Balaji Srinivasan, <i>TwitLonger</i>,
January 3, 2014, http://www.twitlonger.com/show/n_1rvcjrg.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn32">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_ednref32" name="_edn32" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[32]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
Robert Graboyes, “Fortress and Frontier in American Health Care,” Mercatus
Center of George Mason University,” October 20, 2014, Web December 5, 2017,
https://www.mercatus.org/publication/fortress-and-frontier-american-health-care.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn33">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_ednref33" name="_edn33" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[33]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
Edward B. Roberts, “Technological Innovation and Medical Devices,” National
Academy of Engineering/Institute of Medicine, Symposium on New Medical Devices:
Factors Influencing Invention, Development, and Use, Washington, DC, March
9-10, 1987, Web December 1, 2017,
https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/2183/SWP-1930-18388674.pdf;sequence=1.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn34">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_ednref34" name="_edn34" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[34]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
Interview with Antonio Garcia Martinez, “You’ll Grow Out of It," <i>Inside
the New York Times Book Review podcast</i>, July 10, 2016.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn35">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_ednref35" name="_edn35" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[35]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
Peter Thiel with Blake Masters, <i>Zero to
One: Notes On Startups, Or How to Build the Future</i>, New York: Crown
Business, 2014, 85.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn36">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_ednref36" name="_edn36" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[36]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
C. Dixon, “The Babe Ruth Effect in Venture Capital,” CDixon blog, July 6, 2015,
Web December 5, 2017, http://cdixon.org/category/venture-capital/.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn37">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_ednref37" name="_edn37" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[37]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
Benedict Evans, “In Praise of Failure,” April 28, 2016, Benedict Evans, Web
December 4, 2017,
https://www.ben-evans.com/benedictevans/2016/4/28/winning-and-losing.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn38">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_ednref38" name="_edn38" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[38]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
C. Dixon, “The Babe Ruth Effect in Venture Capital,” CDixon blog, July 6, 2015,
Web December 5, 2017, http://cdixon.org/category/venture-capital/.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn39">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_ednref39" name="_edn39" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[39]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
Lisa Suennen, “Lessons from the Dark Side (of Venture Capital),” Venture
Valkyrie, September 7, 2015,
https://venturevalkyrie.com/lessons-from-the-dark-side-of-venture-capital/.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn40">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_ednref40" name="_edn40" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[40]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
Cambridge Associates tracked 27,259 startups between 1990 and 2010 and found
that those companies providing a 1X return or less was below 60 percent between
2001 and 2010, topping out at 79 percent in the dot.com bust of 2000. See Erin
Griffith, “Conventional Wisdom Says 90% of Startups Fail. Data Says
Otherwise.,” <i>Fortune</i>, June 27, 2017,
Web December 21, 2017,
http://fortune.com/2017/06/27/startup-advice-data-failure/.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn41">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_ednref41" name="_edn41" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[41]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
Chris Myers, “Could Theranos Go from Unicorn to Unicorpse,” <i>Forbes</i>, January 28, 2016, Web December 5,
2017,
https://www.forbes.com/sites/chrismyers/2016/01/28/could-theranos-go-from-unicorn-to-unicorpse/#575322844ef9.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn42">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_ednref42" name="_edn42" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[42]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
Paul Gompers, Will Gornall, Steven N. Kaplan, Ilya A. Strebulaev, “How Do
Venture Capitalists Make Decisions?”, National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper No. 22587, September 2016, Web
December 7, 2017, <a href="http://faculty.chicagobooth.edu/workshops/finance/pdf/GompGornKapStreb%20Aug%2016.pdf">http://faculty.chicagobooth.edu/workshops/finance/pdf/GompGornKapStreb%20Aug%2016.pdf</a>, 1, 6.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn43">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_ednref43" name="_edn43" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[43]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
James Watkins and Leslie Nguyen-Okwu, “Silicon Valley’s Mega Investor Tells
All,” OZY, March 10, 2017, Web December 19, 2017,
http://www.ozy.com/opinion/silicon-valleys-mega-investor-tells-all/75900.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn44">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_ednref44" name="_edn44" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[44]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
John Kelly, “Silicon Valley’s Bet on the Future and War on the Present”, <i>Vanity Fair</i>, December 1, 2015, Web
November 25, 2017,
https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2015/12/unicorns-sacrifice-future-for-past.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<div id="edn45">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_ednref45" name="_edn45" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[45]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
Sheelah Kolhatkar and Caroline Chan, “Can Elizabeth Holmes Save Her Unicorn?,” <i>Bloomberg</i>, December 10, 2015, Web
November 27, 2017, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-12-10/can-theranos-ceo-elizabeth-holmes-fend-off-her-critics-.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn46">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_ednref46" name="_edn46" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[46]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
Ellie Kincaid, “After Blowing the Whistle on Theranos, Tyler Shultz is Going
Back Into Medical Testing,” <i>Forbes</i>,
October 3, 2017, Web November 21, 2017, https://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=https://www.forbes.com/sites/elliekincaid/2017/10/03/after-blowing-the-whistle-on-theranos-tyler-shultz-is-going-back-into-diagnostic-testing/&refURL=https://www.google.com/&referrer=https://www.google.com/.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<div id="edn47">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_ednref47" name="_edn47" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[47]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
Steve Blank, “When Founders Go Too Far,” <i>Harvard
Business Review</i>, November-December 2017, Web December 5, 2017,
https://hbr.org/2017/11/when-founders-go-too-far.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn48">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_ednref48" name="_edn48" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[48]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
Steve Blank, “When Founders Go Too Far,” <i>Harvard
Business Review</i>, November-December 2017, Web December 5, 2017, https://hbr.org/2017/11/when-founders-go-too-far.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn49">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_ednref49" name="_edn49" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[49]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
Christopher Weaver, “Court Documents Shed Light on Theranos Board’s Response to
Crisis,” <i>Wall Street Journal</i>, May 30,
2017, Web December 6, 2017,
https://www.wsj.com/articles/court-documents-shed-light-on-theranos-boards-response-to-crisis-1496136600.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn50">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_ednref50" name="_edn50" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[50]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
John Carreyrou, <i>Bad Blood: Secrets and
Lies in a Silicon Valley Startup</i>, New York: Borzoi (Alfred A. Knopf), 2018,
p. 298.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn51">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_ednref51" name="_edn51" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[51]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
Nick Bilton, “Exclusive: How Elizabeth Holmes’s House of Cards Came Tumbling
Down,” <i>Vanity Fair</i>, October 2016, Web
November 28, 2017,
https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2016/09/elizabeth-holmes-theranos-exclusive.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn52">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_ednref52" name="_edn52" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[52]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
Steve Blank, “When Founders Go Too Far,” <i>Harvard
Business Review</i>, November-December 2017, Web December 5, 2017, https://hbr.org/2017/11/when-founders-go-too-far.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn53">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Holmes%20Theranos/Theranos,%20the%20Exxon%20Valdez%20-%20It%20Takes%20a%20Village.docx#_ednref53" name="_edn53" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[53]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
James Reason, “Human Error: Models and Management,” <i>British Medical Journal</i>, March 18, 2000, Web June 14, 2018, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1117770/.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>Eric B. Schultzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03169391149462048777noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7279240094159602471.post-71385390074011473372021-12-14T14:19:00.002-05:002022-01-11T17:18:18.434-05:00Tweets for Tweets (5): My Favorite Bird Photos of H2 2021<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi2iYoAXT2zQo4jRKAyfncPY5NZGuJwCShCOngkcqztqKyNZUJDzZt6EvTZJhSwTEFLrpK75bj1QxtMALsrMYZXc_g5IbrURd2nAhqzCV9F75zjRt9zgOFQpcdKX5SRVhLZA8EwKJP7dSjvW1T8DCZ--EMDPGnXy-jymX1h_TAkyCa96HguXYoxT9jL=s2048" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi2iYoAXT2zQo4jRKAyfncPY5NZGuJwCShCOngkcqztqKyNZUJDzZt6EvTZJhSwTEFLrpK75bj1QxtMALsrMYZXc_g5IbrURd2nAhqzCV9F75zjRt9zgOFQpcdKX5SRVhLZA8EwKJP7dSjvW1T8DCZ--EMDPGnXy-jymX1h_TAkyCa96HguXYoxT9jL=w400-h300" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Double-crested Cormorant, drying out</td></tr></tbody></table><p>The second half of 2021 has been a blur. Are we in the fourth or fifth spike of COVID? Did I get my booster shot? Where have I (already) lost my (replacement) vaccination card? </p><p>And did someone get married? </p><p>As my cousin Matt Mitchell pointed out, there are ten letters between Delta and Omicron in the Greek alphabet. What haven't we been told?</p><p>Apart from the pandemic, the world seems to have become a very odd place. There's Billie Eilish, for example, who, hard as I try, I don't get. I'm sure that means I'm like the classical music fan in 1920 who didn't get jazz, or the jazz fan in 1950 who didn't get rock, but I cannot lie. I wish her well and am happy for her success, but I don't get her. At all.</p><p>I've also been following the rapid emergence of the metaverse, which is not only puzzling but exhausting. In the first week of December, <a href="https://decrypt.co/87553/metaverse-land-grab-is-here" target="_blank">someone spent $450,000</a> for a <i>plot of virtual land </i>next door to Snoop Dogg's mansion in the "Snoopverse" section of a metaverse world called The Sandbox. For the week, metaverse virtual land sales topped $100 million.</p><p>That is <i>not </i>Monopoly money.</p><p>Then there's the article that made the full-throated case that if Mark Zuckerberg's metaverse doesn't allow its avatars to have sex, <a href="https://www.vice.com/en/article/wxdd74/zuckerbergs-metaverse-is-screwed-if-it-doesnt-allow-sex" target="_blank">it will fail</a>. I learned many, many (many) new things from this article, most of which I will not print here. But, it turns out, <i>Second Life </i>residents were making genitalia for their avatars before the game got out of beta. So, the theory goes, Facebook must allow the same kind of <i>creativity</i> if it wants to succeed in this brave, new virtual world. </p><p>If we've learned anything about Mark Zuckerberg's priorities in the last twenty years, then you can count on his metaverse hosting a booming teen market for genitalia, all while he's testifying before Congress <i>promising </i>that he'll do better <i>next time</i>. </p><p>I am imagining the day when I have the opportunity to pay hard-earned cryptocurrency to purchase a non-fungible token that allows my avatar to attend a concert of Billie Eilish's avatar in a Mark Zuckerberg-metaverse amphitheater. I can promise you that such an opportunity will make my avatar's teeth hurt.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhVmLQ_yb11NW02RFujQF3o5Tygo8hp1tR9YVfy-GbVVhuOJWiju3TvvDlC504mAwCJdAqH2k3_3_jWCPcTLthcbr5Sdsfs9nr9IGzu3gxX5RFu0Jb-mw4MgipqEZjaOmixIu7nA1-V-aWcdVYXRKU60GbL578Agg-BCxheJlICgTzNbzZb5DNUngE2=s1280" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1238" data-original-width="1280" height="621" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhVmLQ_yb11NW02RFujQF3o5Tygo8hp1tR9YVfy-GbVVhuOJWiju3TvvDlC504mAwCJdAqH2k3_3_jWCPcTLthcbr5Sdsfs9nr9IGzu3gxX5RFu0Jb-mw4MgipqEZjaOmixIu7nA1-V-aWcdVYXRKU60GbL578Agg-BCxheJlICgTzNbzZb5DNUngE2=w640-h621" width="640" /></a></div><p>For sanctuary, there are always birds, right? I turned to the woods and Mother Nature when he-who-shall-not-be-named ruined social media. Cedar Waxwing and Harlequin Duck were one way to escape Twitter, to trade "tweets for tweets." Except, you many know, there is a <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/09/technology/birds-arent-real-gen-z-misinformation.html?searchResultPosition=1">Birds Aren't Real movement</a>. It's intended to mock fake news and conspiracy theories, the idea that birds are drones full of surveillance equipment wired to the Deep State. But, of course, some of the people caught up in the movement <a href="https://www.audubon.org/news/are-birds-actually-government-issued-drones-so-says-new-conspiracy-theory-making" target="_blank">don't realize it's a mockery</a>. </p><p>The last five years have taught us that something like 30% of Americans will. believe. anything.</p><p>Fortunately for us, birds are real. They're suffering under climate change and loss of habitat, but they're hanging in and getting support from great organizations like Mass Audubon.</p><p>And, of course, they're beautiful.</p><p>Here's my recap of some of the birds I spotted in the second half of 2021.<span></span></p><a name='more'></a><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgC6VN2jJszPB8OxeimaNuwULxhcDrfnI76l4wgmpC9yJZBR4pXkv3CKdBiCMwavpCcBAMWvTbhzYWDdShO_uB1iP2Y_lQI1McsrxVsN6WbFVLp0UgtJvxlK8QY26JM7fgoZRZPkfltHRQGMQICZtwqtUcdIXACLOscxiD3_nV0zdbWgVFc9aTV6xWi=s2048" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgC6VN2jJszPB8OxeimaNuwULxhcDrfnI76l4wgmpC9yJZBR4pXkv3CKdBiCMwavpCcBAMWvTbhzYWDdShO_uB1iP2Y_lQI1McsrxVsN6WbFVLp0UgtJvxlK8QY26JM7fgoZRZPkfltHRQGMQICZtwqtUcdIXACLOscxiD3_nV0zdbWgVFc9aTV6xWi=w640-h480" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">My two birding excursions in H2 2021 were with <a href="https://www.massaudubon.org/" target="_blank">Mass Audubon</a>. One was to Monhegan Island and the other found us birding in and around Machias, Maine, with a cruise to the <a href="https://www.fws.gov/refuge/Maine_Coastal_Islands/about/petitmanan.html" target="_blank">Petit Manan</a> wildlife refuge. This little Savanannah Sparrow was dining not far from where I was dining at a Dunkin Donuts in Machias. I stumbled by, coffee in one hand and camera in the other. The early bird not only gets the worm, it gets almost anything else it wants to eat.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjsfPq2VpnP9TEL9zZ7wOoKEncDS-9oyh4HHNZnGY6o1BrUQrwG9VuHi-6cVq65OTRGRvlUxmt0OZ_vYaEE2SuEuKEdaWuJofeKakRu4KtAgQ1tXgxpwVdTv5FZOKJL5_3yDSUxPTgqEMduP-X_I1aGiPdokOOPwrhoqLMw9g9Sc6m7cevzcNKhn4fK=s2048" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1465" data-original-width="2048" height="458" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjsfPq2VpnP9TEL9zZ7wOoKEncDS-9oyh4HHNZnGY6o1BrUQrwG9VuHi-6cVq65OTRGRvlUxmt0OZ_vYaEE2SuEuKEdaWuJofeKakRu4KtAgQ1tXgxpwVdTv5FZOKJL5_3yDSUxPTgqEMduP-X_I1aGiPdokOOPwrhoqLMw9g9Sc6m7cevzcNKhn4fK=w640-h458" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">We were fortunate to find Puffins on our cruise to the Petit Manan island refuge, not far from the Canadian border. My recent issue of <i>Bird Observer </i>discusses two observations of Puffins using sticks to scratch their feathers. There's plenty of pushback and counter-theories, but you may be looking at one smart species. Certainly a striking one.</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiUL60BEpRxC0Fk6vrh9jtWyE_u9JfvFRoDjUVw8v6ifXIE9Nnq1Ie2Y0OacUzxumFCPRrLarn2PBIsXIxajxeeTgOGCGrpwaQ3vlWJljgqusJ5u581jOKeOWYqt8WtDAw20nslNvdC8aLIjhTrqX4s4ssqrIlqh_FAF3sl3qC51OPlGKWds11ZkLkK=s2048" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiUL60BEpRxC0Fk6vrh9jtWyE_u9JfvFRoDjUVw8v6ifXIE9Nnq1Ie2Y0OacUzxumFCPRrLarn2PBIsXIxajxeeTgOGCGrpwaQ3vlWJljgqusJ5u581jOKeOWYqt8WtDAw20nslNvdC8aLIjhTrqX4s4ssqrIlqh_FAF3sl3qC51OPlGKWds11ZkLkK=w640-h480" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">For you conspiracy theorists, this is another Puffin that's wandered a little closer to land. Undoubtedly, it's full of surveillance electronics planted by the Deep State to one day force American drivers to wear seatbelts. In fact, it seems inevitable that our government will one day require <i>patients to get prescriptions </i>and <i>hunters to wear orange in the woods</i>. This Puffin is proof that birds aren't real and that we are living a <i>national nightmare</i>. But I like him, anyway.</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhQI689o4G81faTAE9MIva8nPT9e_N47ld6ZGo0mr7tZOgttqRKT2EE12uxGqIHRDiGefFjAsvYxlx69uS6c7NXBjJN0IUIWG6pqKYM_31RlXmlIVUPD6Z-eTc_EnNpjmYNsoHDX2xhQ5Q0izeFsRI0KjpoAZpXvmdfCwSh_Vr2B0g2P5wl84FEmm5h=s2048" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhQI689o4G81faTAE9MIva8nPT9e_N47ld6ZGo0mr7tZOgttqRKT2EE12uxGqIHRDiGefFjAsvYxlx69uS6c7NXBjJN0IUIWG6pqKYM_31RlXmlIVUPD6Z-eTc_EnNpjmYNsoHDX2xhQ5Q0izeFsRI0KjpoAZpXvmdfCwSh_Vr2B0g2P5wl84FEmm5h=w640-h480" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">For you 30%, I was being facetious a minute ago. Really. <br />This is a lovely Cedar Waxwing standing guard over his preferred food supply. It's nice when you're provided a built-in mask.</td></tr></tbody></table><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjtmlbjKoqa82wAou-mLKlzk__EMYs9HKlgCBw_kv6OQkmfNkDXVgQe-2hBg-9XULWgPxGeopPWUpKuyzdTzpO2-wVUtTB8hr_dZnDNvSUafqBxO6fXfuS61Ps8ig9CyveUvGO-UMXEqU7jZ0nZOkTslB50I5GAU5cmO0vaPkJpGZGgXOeVkz3rS2z7=s2048" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1466" data-original-width="2048" height="458" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjtmlbjKoqa82wAou-mLKlzk__EMYs9HKlgCBw_kv6OQkmfNkDXVgQe-2hBg-9XULWgPxGeopPWUpKuyzdTzpO2-wVUtTB8hr_dZnDNvSUafqBxO6fXfuS61Ps8ig9CyveUvGO-UMXEqU7jZ0nZOkTslB50I5GAU5cmO0vaPkJpGZGgXOeVkz3rS2z7=w640-h458" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This Greater Yellowlegs was dining on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plum_Island_(Massachusetts)" target="_blank">Plum Island</a>, one of the great birding locations in America. This is the rare species whose name is actually helpful in identifying it.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgP5wAKgN8Mm_WinvGmqguewjFEUwkYyZqLELefDpbQtOvQSlFYvCDzph7bNlzYy14DhaXDH2UXzyv_AU2qWQowtA0QbC1xkweU9kMpmLKox9Rb_4y0Na3nRSbvqwbX6uXRZ2TlHuRgV3ecnNMhcLWsK-6TulNh7NFOtCs4Kmw6TGcwVlYdyiHeZVQZ=s2048" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgP5wAKgN8Mm_WinvGmqguewjFEUwkYyZqLELefDpbQtOvQSlFYvCDzph7bNlzYy14DhaXDH2UXzyv_AU2qWQowtA0QbC1xkweU9kMpmLKox9Rb_4y0Na3nRSbvqwbX6uXRZ2TlHuRgV3ecnNMhcLWsK-6TulNh7NFOtCs4Kmw6TGcwVlYdyiHeZVQZ=w640-h480" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This Northern Cardinal was sitting in my backyard in Boxford. Think of Cardinals as the mercury in a thermometer, moving northward with global warming. I am told by experienced birders that Cardinals were an uncommon visitor in Massachusetts 25 years ago. Now, they are everywhere.</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj2YPlX4ran2ZDHfGiJ7WXxpP_1-OvEPPCcKeuXIgNoOrNXu0uS27SxOObCn-kyj7-X-E4nAqfsqWH1SuDX2MYkJz5PLOP_CiAJLZA0tLLn25VIst6_4AT4ZorxDf13yxx675llyxw8ErIAWQNfdVPPXUR9cfin0L4kO1SgCXeT70TU88s4vSW3Y8-W=s2048" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj2YPlX4ran2ZDHfGiJ7WXxpP_1-OvEPPCcKeuXIgNoOrNXu0uS27SxOObCn-kyj7-X-E4nAqfsqWH1SuDX2MYkJz5PLOP_CiAJLZA0tLLn25VIst6_4AT4ZorxDf13yxx675llyxw8ErIAWQNfdVPPXUR9cfin0L4kO1SgCXeT70TU88s4vSW3Y8-W=w640-h480" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This Great Egret was hanging with the Greater Yellowlegs on Plum Island.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhpS5VvDPAn19UHdhoJSOcDRAlCOOxq7Sp-r-m8xQKdYMQpnMj4MzfvKe7Qr3yJlZyvMzLdXqoCK6iRtQ-saffkaqBuKdfJGCDYcldPAFYoQLgITTKgp1TowW5Mt0Oh75KgR8-v7CzhVaWFRu9JvEMDZzE5pK3WWfqf8qxjOZF_XAXjFygssgFoJxMk=s2048" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhpS5VvDPAn19UHdhoJSOcDRAlCOOxq7Sp-r-m8xQKdYMQpnMj4MzfvKe7Qr3yJlZyvMzLdXqoCK6iRtQ-saffkaqBuKdfJGCDYcldPAFYoQLgITTKgp1TowW5Mt0Oh75KgR8-v7CzhVaWFRu9JvEMDZzE5pK3WWfqf8qxjOZF_XAXjFygssgFoJxMk=w640-h480" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This is a Least Sandpiper, a name that would give any lesser species a complex. (I once met a Lester Small, introduced to me as "Hi, I"m Les Small." I wanted to immediately reassure him that everything would be ok, anyway.)</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiKj6zUMf_vIL01Bq05nUIi5Cs9NrGONc3Jc3uA8jm8Ts7m0jWZLwJcZeX42sKgStT64xVVd7dvi9LBrqGUryzgwh6LeEjdaRHg8CfYhWL0m2nJxC-3UDDMlLNIPzOvAi3ussdp5D6mWffoMNwjKMZ9_D3xabm7woj_4my1hbWE-6FmhDd9q6s9pcJu=s2048" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiKj6zUMf_vIL01Bq05nUIi5Cs9NrGONc3Jc3uA8jm8Ts7m0jWZLwJcZeX42sKgStT64xVVd7dvi9LBrqGUryzgwh6LeEjdaRHg8CfYhWL0m2nJxC-3UDDMlLNIPzOvAi3ussdp5D6mWffoMNwjKMZ9_D3xabm7woj_4my1hbWE-6FmhDd9q6s9pcJu=w640-h480" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This is an American Robin from an angle that shows off his white eye ring and his lunch selection.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhEuPN8A97oS7vlCFVtAERB8PXX5-u3yC2dKmGmQB73UbIkz3mo1sikblfiq_dfbLBcx-WLFzaPGnShZ0rjkE4taXtq58VQU65RtEUzy7h67Dn7GDEKBvJyMYXihim6fSBLskYlPOa1KaGwz5jXsETzcZaEp8OdNNQsTN0WOt-ypcLsOgWfgJpj7KTp=s2048" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhEuPN8A97oS7vlCFVtAERB8PXX5-u3yC2dKmGmQB73UbIkz3mo1sikblfiq_dfbLBcx-WLFzaPGnShZ0rjkE4taXtq58VQU65RtEUzy7h67Dn7GDEKBvJyMYXihim6fSBLskYlPOa1KaGwz5jXsETzcZaEp8OdNNQsTN0WOt-ypcLsOgWfgJpj7KTp=w640-h480" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">I met this Red-tailed Hawk at <a href="https://www.lowellcemetery.com/" target="_blank">Lowell Cemetery</a>, one of my favorite birding locations. Garden cemeteries like Lowell and Mount Auburn are interesting venues even when the birds are quiet. Lowell is the home, for example, of <a href="http://theoccasionalceo.blogspot.com/2020/05/i-see-dead-entrepreneurs-dr-augustin.html" target="_blank">Dr. Augustin Thompson</a>, inventor of Moxie.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhScS8dMu8uVoSFtncoFhu-ZoDgHnc_gLKBHfyBtF6_Nbm_kcL9VxhMMnF6FyY_WqEm9028ce-1m-CgVyQ4lF9LbQFvd7U1e4Poesry6CUHMcJkj2tdud8JLht8IPp8lu_8NCvMUrxL1Fsu9lkVuFsXK2B0R_BfnzKxps8Aey8f3XK354EJL2q1we3m=s2048" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhScS8dMu8uVoSFtncoFhu-ZoDgHnc_gLKBHfyBtF6_Nbm_kcL9VxhMMnF6FyY_WqEm9028ce-1m-CgVyQ4lF9LbQFvd7U1e4Poesry6CUHMcJkj2tdud8JLht8IPp8lu_8NCvMUrxL1Fsu9lkVuFsXK2B0R_BfnzKxps8Aey8f3XK354EJL2q1we3m=w640-h480" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This Yellow-rumped Warbler stuck around into the fall, just to remind us what real yellow looks like. </td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg5aZRixoFVooLD_HTdk8UxbKUg0DvonMpNd0ENMqG4lRl_xYtqaKIfAV8r-NqVnccRDZK1aCFy6YIy4Rli7iiyegetsFHmvzA-V1okbojlclLHk7GlmGngzThy7uWpDyXT0CGS4A6MV1K3zKkLljSkpr2qNa0U-GVC7tmg-YKIzp8bAxxeDfwDd00Q=s2048" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg5aZRixoFVooLD_HTdk8UxbKUg0DvonMpNd0ENMqG4lRl_xYtqaKIfAV8r-NqVnccRDZK1aCFy6YIy4Rli7iiyegetsFHmvzA-V1okbojlclLHk7GlmGngzThy7uWpDyXT0CGS4A6MV1K3zKkLljSkpr2qNa0U-GVC7tmg-YKIzp8bAxxeDfwDd00Q=w640-h480" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Canada Geese. At our last home, we had two beagles and a pond in the backyard. In the years that Canada Geese chose our pond to raise their young, Brandy and Shiloh would spend the summers rolling in geese poop. I have a special place in my heart for Canada Geese. And beagles.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjtxls6G7ryd_uqehZpf1OwbHJSwolcPSbN7HdD_zgzbMxFh_wzxTqDE8mf7bY9I_PzNyYt_aYWgZzsBwkzoqwSxz8xBnm6-T62RWsg8-MGUts-BdGEkPcWW_z2lL2jL1gk6QXHaNFCVeGIR0XC0GVLjZlm0DA7UKJ0svLRAb957WzqRMqGwoKcPrt4=s2048" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1463" data-original-width="2048" height="458" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjtxls6G7ryd_uqehZpf1OwbHJSwolcPSbN7HdD_zgzbMxFh_wzxTqDE8mf7bY9I_PzNyYt_aYWgZzsBwkzoqwSxz8xBnm6-T62RWsg8-MGUts-BdGEkPcWW_z2lL2jL1gk6QXHaNFCVeGIR0XC0GVLjZlm0DA7UKJ0svLRAb957WzqRMqGwoKcPrt4=w640-h458" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This is the resident Red-tail Hawk at Audubon's <a href="https://www.massaudubon.org/get-outdoors/wildlife-sanctuaries/ipswich-river" target="_blank">Ipswich River Wildlife Sanctuary</a>, surveying his domain. Hard to find a nicer place on earth, and he knows it.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi0lXW2cSaIy9zpMKcA8F8JKNKhyy_cK2xZomXOvfd25OHpiGjNjv03xTs5TZG3G7_-KGeOHfR37y4WsFvLjgujVpe3-05qxJaps1EfDMS1_AD9JnktWznCiAf4dCFvcfmni44cbus7gqngmcKDKEKv2jJyQh8MvZNFubvy1_twHwacP8shhx873hfL=s2048" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1463" data-original-width="2048" height="458" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi0lXW2cSaIy9zpMKcA8F8JKNKhyy_cK2xZomXOvfd25OHpiGjNjv03xTs5TZG3G7_-KGeOHfR37y4WsFvLjgujVpe3-05qxJaps1EfDMS1_AD9JnktWznCiAf4dCFvcfmni44cbus7gqngmcKDKEKv2jJyQh8MvZNFubvy1_twHwacP8shhx873hfL=w640-h458" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This Northern Flicker lives, with his mate, at our local Christmas tree farm.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhTVAL8jUwXQbp2osy4eHYGCnRzADxRbKQgecxH4mzt48fM-BPTPcR3it_eTFRtk_ZZ64_lA5ZqKRCxqmL_WdW0ggU-NHlYXELnl13r2E6ztSA8pgfSt6Jq7KBzXhX2iemQs38ZuLpD5lAFfr2zPUk9Glbfh-G2X7YX5BZrRKZ8VHpGU8zqsJqx_stj=s2048" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1465" data-original-width="2048" height="458" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhTVAL8jUwXQbp2osy4eHYGCnRzADxRbKQgecxH4mzt48fM-BPTPcR3it_eTFRtk_ZZ64_lA5ZqKRCxqmL_WdW0ggU-NHlYXELnl13r2E6ztSA8pgfSt6Jq7KBzXhX2iemQs38ZuLpD5lAFfr2zPUk9Glbfh-G2X7YX5BZrRKZ8VHpGU8zqsJqx_stj=w640-h458" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">As does this House Finch.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjl3JHGvPCLyd66MbuvjtE_h8HTnVsq4k8YV4pzrJwuDiIT2Vys3ILRRW-xsQ5pCdR9reSEh25WsXxMY93K_EhDhtiwx2ulK7PLZEuHPXGAkJrCSNLl7n6BDyCyktLHCAftmlyGB9DKtrcTctVfIUlRo1tSxk2j7fyNsf5B2eKFfSxCaTDHEiLRts06=s2048" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjl3JHGvPCLyd66MbuvjtE_h8HTnVsq4k8YV4pzrJwuDiIT2Vys3ILRRW-xsQ5pCdR9reSEh25WsXxMY93K_EhDhtiwx2ulK7PLZEuHPXGAkJrCSNLl7n6BDyCyktLHCAftmlyGB9DKtrcTctVfIUlRo1tSxk2j7fyNsf5B2eKFfSxCaTDHEiLRts06=w640-h480" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">As does this Eastern Bluebird. There's nothing I hate more than the week after Thanksgiving when the local Christmas tree farm is decimated and the birds are evicted. They'll be back, but it can't be much fun to have your world uprooted every year.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgFpM5GD9qyHcIRAq-laXA4DWWYPolbjNiZAit77XXHpno0RJsV4tvFB33TxFmO8S3J7LFwjD7Yz-myxpDTf88hOXkv-raEICEwLImtQUDStunWnu3Di_DciS1ReAlK3vxMKdg6OSpDLAs8ekqt8gonXAASUJp_-3B7G8HiwZWsX_PMWksr-hurovwk=s2048" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgFpM5GD9qyHcIRAq-laXA4DWWYPolbjNiZAit77XXHpno0RJsV4tvFB33TxFmO8S3J7LFwjD7Yz-myxpDTf88hOXkv-raEICEwLImtQUDStunWnu3Di_DciS1ReAlK3vxMKdg6OSpDLAs8ekqt8gonXAASUJp_-3B7G8HiwZWsX_PMWksr-hurovwk=w640-h480" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">I almost walked into this Turkey Vulture, which was on the ground but flew into a nearby tree. Either I smelled especially ripe that day, or I had interrupted his feeding on some vile carcass. He wasn't budging.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh9hjI2oYMP8dRNiRpU5pPmOCc-Dd_TUnU4yh5QuqZpQ8se9iT5mZX0pkwTLYQaGIfcwm1aFb0QRDLpqd14NYOhr-ZgOV1e7GL3sRmbFMNjnxVwBeBoPWiSZ2w1P4GNCrsYKx86-zByd-fcpm9csYmcB-3C5xthyQHhCDzF_SK8Ce5e6jIW9sVoinrb=s2048" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh9hjI2oYMP8dRNiRpU5pPmOCc-Dd_TUnU4yh5QuqZpQ8se9iT5mZX0pkwTLYQaGIfcwm1aFb0QRDLpqd14NYOhr-ZgOV1e7GL3sRmbFMNjnxVwBeBoPWiSZ2w1P4GNCrsYKx86-zByd-fcpm9csYmcB-3C5xthyQHhCDzF_SK8Ce5e6jIW9sVoinrb=w640-h480" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This Northern Harrier was sunning at <a href="https://www.mass.gov/locations/salisbury-beach-state-reservation" target="_blank">Salisbury State Beach Reservation</a>, a great place to bird--until the hunters drive you out. </td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjSiPm5zGcepVzZt03EAB5EHi4EogUQe0cjcFh-ShCfEsQpTMEfadJc0LXCSNy-fRMibfwE5ZF1YcYJrzsqmwfftl3RQ3-T8Q0j8NBomagDlVhXj6y0lI9o7dVKAZVHEMbpFffQmf5jM03XchymNy65U86nL9z9g1ybNEcn6wct6gM6UsSM2k7HiW8g=s2048" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1464" data-original-width="2048" height="458" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjSiPm5zGcepVzZt03EAB5EHi4EogUQe0cjcFh-ShCfEsQpTMEfadJc0LXCSNy-fRMibfwE5ZF1YcYJrzsqmwfftl3RQ3-T8Q0j8NBomagDlVhXj6y0lI9o7dVKAZVHEMbpFffQmf5jM03XchymNy65U86nL9z9g1ybNEcn6wct6gM6UsSM2k7HiW8g=w640-h458" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">I took this shot seconds later and a hundred yards away. Except for maybe the Cowbird, few species are despised more than the European Starling--who wouldn't even be in America if we hadn't introduced them. This little gang blended in with their food.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEizadbnXxbO-8y7gGVnEXAsM1BPE0AbZv8qiubRSQ4K4v0wsOKYbsSz9Ea9hQkhg7vsZNXfPH9YdEgXBZ31W526cIu99F7h8Jj9BtiZ1nN19W2ZXi64kJqeSpzt_6x7Zf_EEaHQYre3xkc4f52UkTz8ijA5DydpyBE1CcIdWe9UN_IN3Mt133BUwIKt=s2048" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEizadbnXxbO-8y7gGVnEXAsM1BPE0AbZv8qiubRSQ4K4v0wsOKYbsSz9Ea9hQkhg7vsZNXfPH9YdEgXBZ31W526cIu99F7h8Jj9BtiZ1nN19W2ZXi64kJqeSpzt_6x7Zf_EEaHQYre3xkc4f52UkTz8ijA5DydpyBE1CcIdWe9UN_IN3Mt133BUwIKt=w640-h480" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">These Snow Bunting have some kind of internal timer that has them feed for a while in a particular spot, suddenly fly around in big circles, and then, like little boomerangs, return to the same spot. It makes taking their pictures possible, so long as you are patient.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgsQ4ZBpFdR6p3O6c4vi2A7Kzv-jb30u-D19DVaQGu3j9SznR99qGrjpYOda4mMnqMCJMpj4Lp6BCUjMCYId5Nskn1owyTgMIfdsQVAw9vqY0DjKqBqb31wPPcxy6syxbCQbmM3Y-W-_WVPdzjQBlJEdGoX36jiGYLxR434Xrojf5OGMxai1e7Y08bE=s2048" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgsQ4ZBpFdR6p3O6c4vi2A7Kzv-jb30u-D19DVaQGu3j9SznR99qGrjpYOda4mMnqMCJMpj4Lp6BCUjMCYId5Nskn1owyTgMIfdsQVAw9vqY0DjKqBqb31wPPcxy6syxbCQbmM3Y-W-_WVPdzjQBlJEdGoX36jiGYLxR434Xrojf5OGMxai1e7Y08bE=w640-h480" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This little Carolina Wren and mate will live just outside my study window all winter. I think they nest under the porch. I put a little hot suet in the tree--stuff the squirrels and raccoon won't abscond with--and the Wren share it with the Bluejays and Juncos. And they sing at the tops of their voices. It makes me laugh out loud. Sometimes I see a little beak poking over my windowpane, one of the Wrens saying hello and making sure I'm working.</td></tr></tbody></table><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhcSdbH3xhwHZ2ejq-YVm9Mro7OOifZU-JTxCzmDC7ccxf5KVSpLL1PuM3Sm8DpX_spEejGD_96tHNSxjV74TYP9lpFrfB7P2nVAE1YgnQsQ9JP1wZEgCpzOCjWdh7fZuXk7xFw_FPCTNc6lealXEDLT-jNu47P1NFLZw5KElCTEFEAfdjjfrccmd3F=s2048" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhcSdbH3xhwHZ2ejq-YVm9Mro7OOifZU-JTxCzmDC7ccxf5KVSpLL1PuM3Sm8DpX_spEejGD_96tHNSxjV74TYP9lpFrfB7P2nVAE1YgnQsQ9JP1wZEgCpzOCjWdh7fZuXk7xFw_FPCTNc6lealXEDLT-jNu47P1NFLZw5KElCTEFEAfdjjfrccmd3F=w640-h480" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Yes, the male of the species. How could you tell?</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh0sh25FoFBU5hcKsdy4ebAXOtAPfJKJJOb0ET1ZxvyN12Qgdd44nfdrDuSmlIxuqZlLLf_rXPYNvcPB7B02HhAluFhYWmPSUkleRJT1ghXjOQLTt8SffzhV0V2kerJE8FzsM7J4Qj-gokq4ac6afT3DKdLdBN-R0YV6rwZs21U2js_GH3DCDnUsw0I=s2048" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh0sh25FoFBU5hcKsdy4ebAXOtAPfJKJJOb0ET1ZxvyN12Qgdd44nfdrDuSmlIxuqZlLLf_rXPYNvcPB7B02HhAluFhYWmPSUkleRJT1ghXjOQLTt8SffzhV0V2kerJE8FzsM7J4Qj-gokq4ac6afT3DKdLdBN-R0YV6rwZs21U2js_GH3DCDnUsw0I=w640-h480" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Another European Starling. I took this picture on our pre-dinner Thanksgiving walk in Middletown, CT. But, you can find Starling everywhere.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi0tVHdvz2XtttmC-rfB_vY91nEu_JmoCy5mJZYQejfItTRSyZkyWGrvP2A7PBYfdVEFPZWh0QQ_ltTk6JdtUx66V6pzfpcW7fUlmBwO_Jm5nnT9zqJpS0fnl8DLHHWaxMp1nnYLjqAlDWahj5oPMcCR8KqADCJGWMHSysfHrWlxUUCHIs3yIXIi_YN=s2048" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1463" data-original-width="2048" height="458" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi0tVHdvz2XtttmC-rfB_vY91nEu_JmoCy5mJZYQejfItTRSyZkyWGrvP2A7PBYfdVEFPZWh0QQ_ltTk6JdtUx66V6pzfpcW7fUlmBwO_Jm5nnT9zqJpS0fnl8DLHHWaxMp1nnYLjqAlDWahj5oPMcCR8KqADCJGWMHSysfHrWlxUUCHIs3yIXIi_YN=w640-h458" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">No, not birds. Just my buddies at Salisbury State Beach, posing in repose.<br /><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiS4MCnJyWsLFZUugc_Xd5eoW9qSRfqGvBuD-ov96nN3BCbvueSXTb42gSLYgjLGSID80z5hTM4kjQf4K5xqzm8VocEx3p0BcWuMuvOMUc2OqU92O5q7nO_x8WjTGjpOiLDfQ2RZIpLrA-DJWFRtARezPmtsH3TD3SsFqpsRK6GH2tpPSZIdhowagWu=s2048" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiS4MCnJyWsLFZUugc_Xd5eoW9qSRfqGvBuD-ov96nN3BCbvueSXTb42gSLYgjLGSID80z5hTM4kjQf4K5xqzm8VocEx3p0BcWuMuvOMUc2OqU92O5q7nO_x8WjTGjpOiLDfQ2RZIpLrA-DJWFRtARezPmtsH3TD3SsFqpsRK6GH2tpPSZIdhowagWu=w640-h480" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="640" /></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">I am pretty sure that the world will not run out of Grey Catbirds anytime soon.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiS4MCnJyWsLFZUugc_Xd5eoW9qSRfqGvBuD-ov96nN3BCbvueSXTb42gSLYgjLGSID80z5hTM4kjQf4K5xqzm8VocEx3p0BcWuMuvOMUc2OqU92O5q7nO_x8WjTGjpOiLDfQ2RZIpLrA-DJWFRtARezPmtsH3TD3SsFqpsRK6GH2tpPSZIdhowagWu=s2048" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhTRw6TbDmocYs8X6xG8ZZ-yXOw8fdvB0t_3xvEtlwVbH2KD2jAcywVJCGehOxECJxUopgh89IEy04qAxV2B5BWby9zk5RDy6g6VD-xp0RoM4iuxYR2IXwZ22VPyNd6kQPGzaBXezINZDE2ey_sHy2E_rK7FhvZTqxOqKQ5QA6EbbRjZdTYIsWBYvkP=s2048" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhTRw6TbDmocYs8X6xG8ZZ-yXOw8fdvB0t_3xvEtlwVbH2KD2jAcywVJCGehOxECJxUopgh89IEy04qAxV2B5BWby9zk5RDy6g6VD-xp0RoM4iuxYR2IXwZ22VPyNd6kQPGzaBXezINZDE2ey_sHy2E_rK7FhvZTqxOqKQ5QA6EbbRjZdTYIsWBYvkP=w640-h480" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Harlequin Duck are masters of the waves. She's outnumbered 3-to-1, but she's got the lead. I took this picture at <a href="https://www.mass.gov/locations/halibut-point-state-park" target="_blank">Halibut Point State Park</a> in Rockport, home to the former Babson Farm Quarry. Granite from this location is in warehouses and memorials all over America and even paves the streets of Havanna.</td></tr></tbody></table><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhB23UZP7Pi0ypvF3WwhSpzD9WYBH5E2WM9jKbk5uljBZhNyG3ieUR0NMpO1eG9Ihigh6WiAr-upiDWFE3XhLMEJ0zA6rErM0hrLuGHP8VVySU3XhWQm80GQYjjSclgGb_gutsht4fcoSVQVU8a_siWJOcgSUpcsCjryMQdWOsMHIhQmX9g5cpJ4raD=s4608" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhB23UZP7Pi0ypvF3WwhSpzD9WYBH5E2WM9jKbk5uljBZhNyG3ieUR0NMpO1eG9Ihigh6WiAr-upiDWFE3XhLMEJ0zA6rErM0hrLuGHP8VVySU3XhWQm80GQYjjSclgGb_gutsht4fcoSVQVU8a_siWJOcgSUpcsCjryMQdWOsMHIhQmX9g5cpJ4raD=w640-h480" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A shot of the quarry with the Atlantic behind.</td></tr></tbody></table><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhV2y7xslncs9FTvNqcf__Rv66PpMSlwcDRiHF_ZpPmew1YhHbx8ruyguR1A3-ir0eqNclByjibbPX68TO0J8_YBnpUUyxOJzgpfPhj8o2hncLdfJg96VqBU2jJq38gZqzE-SsBynDkevlITHaqHuC7CD0A8WgT--9vaELAfvL5HJv4-XPhWsAp8s3g=s2048" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhV2y7xslncs9FTvNqcf__Rv66PpMSlwcDRiHF_ZpPmew1YhHbx8ruyguR1A3-ir0eqNclByjibbPX68TO0J8_YBnpUUyxOJzgpfPhj8o2hncLdfJg96VqBU2jJq38gZqzE-SsBynDkevlITHaqHuC7CD0A8WgT--9vaELAfvL5HJv4-XPhWsAp8s3g=w640-h480" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">I will not even hint at which male celebrity this Bobolink most resembles.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgp9OLr27bRzbQSKfRERpyDAQT_cEBgHTrU1oDb7WIXzE19YCKO-DLQk3KrB4uqGph3U2Oja9YuKOGIOh3FAi97WOsV_E11w5yyteMc5eocA-d5ABsrBs-wytlB5vTahfUKL2_j5HAsd_aUzvfQTYlNbCob4MfukQ9UUytwhJo__Uf2jn517Plxqpb2=s2048" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgp9OLr27bRzbQSKfRERpyDAQT_cEBgHTrU1oDb7WIXzE19YCKO-DLQk3KrB4uqGph3U2Oja9YuKOGIOh3FAi97WOsV_E11w5yyteMc5eocA-d5ABsrBs-wytlB5vTahfUKL2_j5HAsd_aUzvfQTYlNbCob4MfukQ9UUytwhJo__Uf2jn517Plxqpb2=w640-h480" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This is an Upland Sandpiper, taken on one of my Maine excursions. It's a species listed as somewhat infrequent and in decline in the East. I felt lucky to get this picture.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgIiBc9xLJIo87E3Z2mKCcAEx_MHUFOSMEylF7iA-J9GkkcN705hjUSqtsxsRQZAiH5fjyYOJGQDR5cmBigV15sseppKZ_Zkf--RLViMH0-2DLJpP9diCTra4Gu_q72ruL-KGjQGAaZRL46tPAtqr8lB1RN1GsxFceAvyNWP4kEbid_W1HCPfWYk7me=s2048" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgIiBc9xLJIo87E3Z2mKCcAEx_MHUFOSMEylF7iA-J9GkkcN705hjUSqtsxsRQZAiH5fjyYOJGQDR5cmBigV15sseppKZ_Zkf--RLViMH0-2DLJpP9diCTra4Gu_q72ruL-KGjQGAaZRL46tPAtqr8lB1RN1GsxFceAvyNWP4kEbid_W1HCPfWYk7me=w640-h480" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Our Audubon group spotted this Yellow-bellied Sapsucker in Maine. It's a good view of how the species feeds. </td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi6M2xgBYObB-CPPzBgKyFbnsX6vEdCf6U9rtLhtSYjktH_u7jr98T4hn3y9wt8YMzAngfPk9rHxZ6SlsZRMFzEy1t0TVjPS57ZBb4Bq2rz3VnUFLv28I6TJocoVXGCr5w4xEKZSNuA6nS2M9VApihiNWVrszVxUR4-FjY2SU8o_VmflWbR1G2NbmyB=s2048" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi6M2xgBYObB-CPPzBgKyFbnsX6vEdCf6U9rtLhtSYjktH_u7jr98T4hn3y9wt8YMzAngfPk9rHxZ6SlsZRMFzEy1t0TVjPS57ZBb4Bq2rz3VnUFLv28I6TJocoVXGCr5w4xEKZSNuA6nS2M9VApihiNWVrszVxUR4-FjY2SU8o_VmflWbR1G2NbmyB=w640-h480" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Finally, an American Eagle, spotted in New Hampshire, just a bit beyond the range of my camera. A blurry eagle is a fitting way to end a blurry year. Some days I worry about climate change, some days about the death of American democracy. Some days I worry that 30% of Americas think that birds might be Deep State drones bearing surveillance equipment. Worrying about the American Eagle conveniently combines all of my worries in one place. <br /><br />Onward to 2022.</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><span><!--more--></span><span><!--more--></span><span><!--more--></span><span><!--more--></span><span><!--more--></span><span><!--more--></span><span><!--more--></span><span><!--more--></span>Eric B. Schultzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03169391149462048777noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7279240094159602471.post-7777179955304147062021-09-15T09:59:00.002-04:002022-01-11T17:18:42.642-05:00"We Wuz Robbed": A Tale of Innovation, Genealogy, and Taffy-Pulling Machines<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkKDhpw1yKZMKUwEBfhtJjlEXE5WyJspnUwrQdxM3ngzIq-PNysvUwfZ67vp0_vNCKkDVy9AaH-MiI3JuPTi3HyZI1-E9GOGfuCp3P0SHaRDbGIveY88Ng2duyOBnjXP403WPOVI2wMXw/s1655/Hildreth+girls+like+kisses.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1655" data-original-width="712" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkKDhpw1yKZMKUwEBfhtJjlEXE5WyJspnUwrQdxM3ngzIq-PNysvUwfZ67vp0_vNCKkDVy9AaH-MiI3JuPTi3HyZI1-E9GOGfuCp3P0SHaRDbGIveY88Ng2duyOBnjXP403WPOVI2wMXw/w173-h400/Hildreth+girls+like+kisses.jpg" width="173" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Hildreth Velvet candy is <br />essential to our tale. <br />Thanks to<br />Barbara Cain Froman,<br />the great-granddaughter<br />of Nelson Hildreth,<br />for sharing her wonderful <br />collection of cards<br />and pictures with me,<br />and allowing me to <br />share them<br />with you on this blog.</td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">When it became apparent last year that the COVID lockdown was going to last not days or weeks but months, I committed to three goals. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">First, I wanted to give <i>Innovation on
Tap </i>a fighting chance, <a href="http://theoccasionalceo.blogspot.com/2019/10/innovation-on-tap-movie-sort-of.html" target="_blank">so I did as many Zoom presentations and podcasts as I could</a>,
casting my fate to the wind (and face to the web), from Boston and Florida to California and the Philippines.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Second, I wanted to survive open-heart surgery, which
I’d put off until my cardiologist at Beth Israel made me an offer I couldn't refuse. As I
wrote about <a href="http://theoccasionalceo.blogspot.com/2021/07/i-got-pig-reflections-from-cutting-edge.html" target="_blank">here</a>, in January 2021, I got a pig.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">And finally, I decided it was time to read my grandmother’s
journals, more than thirty years of daily entries beginning in the late 1950s
through her death in 1993. I’m pretty sure I was the first, and almost certain I will be the
last person ever to take on this task.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">And therein--</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">goal number three--lies my tale.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">“Wuz I Robbed?”<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">If I was expecting to read all about <i>me</i> in
those journals, I was sorely disappointed. Oh, I showed up now and then with a
broken leg or maybe a new job, but I was one of a flock of grand, great and
great-great grandchildren, and more or less, in literary terms, an appendage to
my mother. Her generation got all the love.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">In reading the journals, I was committed, as the biographer
Robert Caro advised, to “<a href="https://www.thedailybeast.com/robert-caro-talks-writing-and-research-turn-every-page" target="_blank">turn every page</a>” on the off-chance that Nana, as we
called my maternal grandmother Baker, would drop her guard and really let
loose. This reading strategy was tedious and yielded many school committee meetings and trips to the supermarket, but also an occasional juicy
tidbit.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">For example, I learned some things about my
grandfather I. did. not. need. to. know. And then there was the relative who
abandoned his wife and then returned, all while I was trying to master long
division in second grade. (Who knew?) There were also the elderly great-relatives,
always nice to me, maybe because, most days, they were three sheets to the wind by
noontime. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVlIIHHCti_E6UQDhFmCR6GuQHQ_V4tplLGV1g1uzlhG2HVCs0TpYlQcJ1FU1o0XpzQZAPEf-xR2FrzH1uFn-p-OwX3NNoInviKPTNLjByUB-uzwl7_4rqiPHz3lHiPRZqPGu034Jv2fE/s2987/IMG_2268e.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1053" data-original-width="2987" height="141" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVlIIHHCti_E6UQDhFmCR6GuQHQ_V4tplLGV1g1uzlhG2HVCs0TpYlQcJ1FU1o0XpzQZAPEf-xR2FrzH1uFn-p-OwX3NNoInviKPTNLjByUB-uzwl7_4rqiPHz3lHiPRZqPGu034Jv2fE/w400-h141/IMG_2268e.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">My grandmother's journals. Robert Caro said, "read every page," so I did.</td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">But the entry that caught my attention, and soon had
me powering up my </span><a href="https://www.mackiev.com/ftm/" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;" target="_blank">Family Tree Maker</a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"> software along with Ancestry.com and
</span><a href="https://www.americanancestors.org/index.aspx" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;" target="_blank">American Ancestors</a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"> websites, was this:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></p><blockquote>"Eva’s brother was Lester. He lived in Needham. He was a
stockbroker. He married Myrtle Hildreth. <b>Her father and her uncle invented the
machine that made saltwater taffy. Someone gave them a big story and talked
them out of it. Then he turned around and sold it. Aunt Myrtle used to cry over it</b>." </blockquote><o:p></o:p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">What? Invented the machine that made saltwater taffy? Aunt Myrtle?
Who was Aunt Myrtle? <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">Had I been denied my rightful inheritance and life fortune by some
skullduggery that happened long before my birth?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">Wuz I robbed?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">This required an investigation.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span></span></span></b></p><a name='more'></a><b>A Little Genealogy<o:p></o:p></b><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">I am a genealogist. Amateur, for sure, especially compared to the
talented folks at the New England Historic Genealogical Society. But I’ve been
at it a long time, read more than my share of 1900 Census pages, inscrutable Polish baptism certificates,
and WWI draft cards, and I’ve spent months over 50 years gathering and
inputting thousands of my ancestors into a database. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">I know stuff.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">And it didn’t take me long to find Aunt Myrtle, who was actually
Edna Myrtle Hildreth (1885-1979)—my grandmother’s aunt by her husband, and the
wife of my second great uncle. She was not in my direct line but close, and
someone I probably met and whose mansion I would have visited if she’d been
rich from building taffy-making machines.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">Edna's father, Nelson Hezekiah Hildreth, died in 1906 when Edna
was 22 years old. Her uncle, Herbert, lived another 16 years, dying in 1922, when
Edna was 37. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">These were the gentleman who, the family story went, wuz robbed.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh70l8wu15JgxFmfu6hfzqn6LJs9cjh9LN17zKq_b5ZeisXLYFmCTBFo_TzJJxvgfEnd2ib_PF0XZjIaKOdOHFOAu99BstacPnmMx8Fq0wSPsqcV4WpWHMaHDOKuKy3vH6phcvJAfig9xA/s1507/Hezekiah+Hildreth+family.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1507" height="382" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh70l8wu15JgxFmfu6hfzqn6LJs9cjh9LN17zKq_b5ZeisXLYFmCTBFo_TzJJxvgfEnd2ib_PF0XZjIaKOdOHFOAu99BstacPnmMx8Fq0wSPsqcV4WpWHMaHDOKuKy3vH6phcvJAfig9xA/w640-h382/Hezekiah+Hildreth+family.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Hildreth family from my Family Tree Maker software. Ten children. <br />Nelson and Herbert are the two siblings who got mixed up in taffy.</td></tr></tbody></table><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">H.L. Hildreth, Entrepreneur</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">Herbert “H.L.” Hildreth (1858-1922) turned out to be a
fascinating guy.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">His obituary, which appeared in the June 1922 edition of <i>The
Soda Fountain</i>, a trade magazine, reported that he was “identified with the
manufacture of candy for many years and inventor of the Hildreth candy pulling
machine,” before his sudden death at his summer home in Raymond, Maine.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">So far, Aunt Myrtle’s story checked out.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">Herbert was an entrepreneur who started life on the family farm in
North Grafton, Massachusetts, before working as a plumber’s assistant and then
hitting the road “canvassing for a picture concern.” <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">He began making candy in Lewiston, Maine, around 1888 and then
opened a candy kitchen on Old Orchard Beach that featured the Velvet line of
pulled molasses candy, sold in distinctive yellow boxes. He eventually built
and operated the Hotel Velvet on the pier at Old Orchard. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfhQubk5YfMyBTYRnux-wp3afl39QaAle9Fq-Yb2LptovbXrVl8kUYS0QlJIe3VWAfUFo6p0tOH2l5zTGO1wB-bnar4ZD1ZA6WGibflDvFsB3JYL3LV59lYRxwcWXe7P2aRAHl9VpdgHc/s2048/Hildreth+ad.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1193" data-original-width="2048" height="233" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfhQubk5YfMyBTYRnux-wp3afl39QaAle9Fq-Yb2LptovbXrVl8kUYS0QlJIe3VWAfUFo6p0tOH2l5zTGO1wB-bnar4ZD1ZA6WGibflDvFsB3JYL3LV59lYRxwcWXe7P2aRAHl9VpdgHc/w400-h233/Hildreth+ad.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This and the ads below are from Barbara Froman's collection.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZslXGNFoyi1ljpNL6X-zynR6CWaR9s9DMIfG63gstlO1siwPLao1XMbPLyoTXZQhdUnrIJlkxE6x-4sp-HQjUOBdPD9LcKRmIK9PmbhiXw7ERklPEosvg2JUbpG5udywMSCExnhkw7iA/s1736/Hildreth+come+and+take+kiss.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1736" data-original-width="1102" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZslXGNFoyi1ljpNL6X-zynR6CWaR9s9DMIfG63gstlO1siwPLao1XMbPLyoTXZQhdUnrIJlkxE6x-4sp-HQjUOBdPD9LcKRmIK9PmbhiXw7ERklPEosvg2JUbpG5udywMSCExnhkw7iA/w254-h400/Hildreth+come+and+take+kiss.jpg" width="254" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9H2wmWR9nqf5S-raFCAawpme54PaRng9zAx-C2pxj7Pv_RRYOtWs6-xUBQGc8xwxXrifctmOtqQTjV2X5rdFVdo2eaOs5SPPhsD_Elsix7wWRIMGxCDygQZ9DG7W365FlN7VXPTwrr9w/s1677/Hildreth+give+me+kisses.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1677" data-original-width="1048" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9H2wmWR9nqf5S-raFCAawpme54PaRng9zAx-C2pxj7Pv_RRYOtWs6-xUBQGc8xwxXrifctmOtqQTjV2X5rdFVdo2eaOs5SPPhsD_Elsix7wWRIMGxCDygQZ9DG7W365FlN7VXPTwrr9w/w250-h400/Hildreth+give+me+kisses.jpg" width="250" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg26z3c8TcOPxZ0e-86e-XQk-3FqVoAVN842bphXirqcCvp4vdeH0sgZyEwyuQU4_T3ldH2_1WtO3Na_8T-p3cEWc2HhUf9awQLl8i-eKh6XT3WqRG5eRQ2EoSbbivA9WB3v1GQh5RhQLw/s1500/Hildreth+joyride+kisses.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="999" data-original-width="1500" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg26z3c8TcOPxZ0e-86e-XQk-3FqVoAVN842bphXirqcCvp4vdeH0sgZyEwyuQU4_T3ldH2_1WtO3Na_8T-p3cEWc2HhUf9awQLl8i-eKh6XT3WqRG5eRQ2EoSbbivA9WB3v1GQh5RhQLw/w400-h266/Hildreth+joyride+kisses.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8nT11cbpvMOGJdh3ydIZuy0tOoAG7L2goD6mto7Fr9LRYlip6W24LlhaTdAXhiDKOLdkm9D-o9UtFNqysFoDe6dXjQvgjlMigY9oV72clNz4OI3XvM0FAVH16-n2KJERCqkxMM6RuEyA/s1565/Hildreth+kicking+kisses.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="694" data-original-width="1565" height="178" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8nT11cbpvMOGJdh3ydIZuy0tOoAG7L2goD6mto7Fr9LRYlip6W24LlhaTdAXhiDKOLdkm9D-o9UtFNqysFoDe6dXjQvgjlMigY9oV72clNz4OI3XvM0FAVH16-n2KJERCqkxMM6RuEyA/w400-h178/Hildreth+kicking+kisses.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2ysxF7m_qZapy00AjaeC0ZeyatsTo4N45Oo2NhH8TDKR-_gdVRooo-pbH0d9mnIIjGrO1RxrMBkfoSVqCoqvYB3HRLRInrpEHSZpeyGsqMsXJ3lc2lkB1JaaphFQL2gRbCvmY2AF-M2A/s1642/HIldreth+love+kisses.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1086" data-original-width="1642" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2ysxF7m_qZapy00AjaeC0ZeyatsTo4N45Oo2NhH8TDKR-_gdVRooo-pbH0d9mnIIjGrO1RxrMBkfoSVqCoqvYB3HRLRInrpEHSZpeyGsqMsXJ3lc2lkB1JaaphFQL2gRbCvmY2AF-M2A/w400-h265/HIldreth+love+kisses.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJvVxwUZcuGu07e90RGW39j2VGmnKRw3_DggHeJxvxJ7mVbtx5ktchFJcC2tm5PoUFho1yR3NmJ-1B8xTIZMOt02N5-HgWP0WX47zPnzhaHzz9Ku2_E9bOLzsbNGJ3lYFKTXmn7Slam9Q/s1666/Hildreth+tail+kisses.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1055" data-original-width="1666" height="254" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJvVxwUZcuGu07e90RGW39j2VGmnKRw3_DggHeJxvxJ7mVbtx5ktchFJcC2tm5PoUFho1yR3NmJ-1B8xTIZMOt02N5-HgWP0WX47zPnzhaHzz9Ku2_E9bOLzsbNGJ3lYFKTXmn7Slam9Q/w400-h254/Hildreth+tail+kisses.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">Herbert established the H. L. Hildreth Company, moving the
manufacture of candy to several locations around Boston. In 1920, he built an
enormous factory in the South End at 549-559 Albany Street.</span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">Until his death in 1906, Edna’s father, Nelson (1853-1906), was
associated with his brother’s candy enterprise as a book-keeper and manager.
None of Herbert and Nelson’s eight other siblings appeared to be involved in
the candy business.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">This ad appeared in 1893, and my guess is that H.L. was its
author. It provides a good indication of how he saw himself:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></p><blockquote>“H. L. Hildreth is a hustler and no mistake. Commencing life with
a dollar, he has worked his way up until he is proprietor of the elegant
store,1083 Washington street, where he manufactures the “Velvet” Molasses
Candy, of which he is the originator. Mr. Hildreth is proprietor of the
beautiful café at Old Orchard Beach, which has been the talk of all who have
seen it. He also has conducted business in various cities, and in Lowell he is
especially well and favorably known. The “Velvet” candy enjoys world-wide fame,
and Mr. Hildreth has hard work to keep the demand supplied. A number of men are
travelling on the road selling the “Velvet” candy and it is in constant demand.
If you want a pure and wholesome article of confectionery, one which you can
eat without feeling that you are partaking of a deep and wonderful mystery, try
some of the ‘Velvet’ candy, whose ingredients are pure.”<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/We%20Wuz%20Robbed.docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[1]</span></span></span></a></blockquote><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/We%20Wuz%20Robbed.docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> <o:p></o:p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">Years later, a 1923 ad in <i>The Bangor Daily News</i> claimed
that Velvet had been a “favorite in every home” for 35 years, which gives us a
first date of manufacture around 1888.<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/We%20Wuz%20Robbed.docx#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">We don’t know
what, beyond opportunity, attracted Herbert to the candy industry in the first
place.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg138f6pruCUmD7i0h5yNlMC3gscjlwHgSGpjvpRTcthb9GWSVNTU_T27m0NcqMV1eJAnNjmQsKKCDg0fiJAPedRIF8noQBCC5DXyZSATJhh685jAIJP9cqITZp4tMdxINc0T-sxgB6Hj0/s1435/HL+Hildreth+family.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="882" data-original-width="1435" height="394" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg138f6pruCUmD7i0h5yNlMC3gscjlwHgSGpjvpRTcthb9GWSVNTU_T27m0NcqMV1eJAnNjmQsKKCDg0fiJAPedRIF8noQBCC5DXyZSATJhh685jAIJP9cqITZp4tMdxINc0T-sxgB6Hj0/w640-h394/HL+Hildreth+family.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">For a genealogist, H.L. left a pretty good trail of documentation about his life and activities.</td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">In the 1900 U.S. Census for Old Orchard Beach, in York, Maine,
Herbert (age 42) was the proprietor of a hotel, living with his wife, Amanda A.
(age 38), and son, Herbert A. (age 16), along with hotel manager Roland O.
Hammond (age 38) and a staff of 13 people. This was the Hotel Velvet,
constructed in 1898 and described by </span><i style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">Boston Globe</i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"> travel writer Willard
deLue as, “the climax of hotel building,” a palatial, five-story structure
built by Hildreth “and named for the famous candy kisses he manufactured in Boston.”
Directly connected to the famous Ocean Pier built that same year, The Velvet
boasted the first elevator in Old Orchard, appropriate for the wealthy and
fashionable that summered at the resort.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCNK6sKuaotp8nOlTo9BjKDTd74ux1ImzuksyIF77TIFLrKu35YtpYZJNMGjzUOEc23Nz5Sdp5crxmidt5aW1MLAe4VOKqXIazW2AdfLiGAfbYvFH4qnIp4E5PSf8jZUYcBwQsk4UNtDk/s1520/Hotel+Velvet+postcard.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1008" data-original-width="1520" height="424" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCNK6sKuaotp8nOlTo9BjKDTd74ux1ImzuksyIF77TIFLrKu35YtpYZJNMGjzUOEc23Nz5Sdp5crxmidt5aW1MLAe4VOKqXIazW2AdfLiGAfbYvFH4qnIp4E5PSf8jZUYcBwQsk4UNtDk/w640-h424/Hotel+Velvet+postcard.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Hotel Velvet (Barbara Cain Froman)</td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">“That era ended with the great fire of August 15, 1907,” deLue
added, “which leveled everything on the north side of Old Orchard st. It
started in an annex of the Velvet (then named the Emerson) when a maid tipped
over an oil lamp . . . Seventeen hotels large and small were destroyed, and
more than 50 cottages.”</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/We%20Wuz%20Robbed.docx#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[3]</span></span></span></a></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">Since the Velvet had been renamed the Emerson in 1907, it’s likely
that Hildreth had already moved to Boston full-time and was devoted exclusively
to the manufacture of candy—and to candy pulling machines. In the 1910 U.S.
Census, for example, Herbert (age 52) was a confectioner, living with his wife, Amanda
(age 50), and his son’s family: Herbert A. (age 28, confectioner), Alta (age
26) and son Herbert A. (age 8) at 20 Tremlett Street in Dorchester.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">Patented and Tenacious<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">Herbert was a tenacious competitor. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">I found one of his distinctive yellow boxes for sale on eBay. The
box, probably printed in the 1890s, was as much legal warning as marketing. The
front panel announced, “The Largest Molasses Candy Factory In The World.” The
accompanying illustration showed the five-story, “Original and Only Molasses
Candy” building at 46-48 Batterymarch Street in Boston.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8h-sj6iqmVmTntbvXUi_tFtObGr0549C0V3QDxd7aM0yPenrz_OFBcP_I7SWRHtT-bhXclqfi4vs-wIcdaY9fl7eOylfvG9G8XfjglLO0X9yvbXWxaEtGgOqo18n7ipLc1Q9L1C89NMU/s1680/Velvet+molasses+box.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1152" data-original-width="1680" height="438" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8h-sj6iqmVmTntbvXUi_tFtObGr0549C0V3QDxd7aM0yPenrz_OFBcP_I7SWRHtT-bhXclqfi4vs-wIcdaY9fl7eOylfvG9G8XfjglLO0X9yvbXWxaEtGgOqo18n7ipLc1Q9L1C89NMU/w640-h438/Velvet+molasses+box.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">"It Has No Equal" (Barbara Cain Froman)</td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">The inside cover gave the ten reasons why Hildreth’s Original and
Only Velvet Molasses Candy “Should Be Eaten by Everybody,” among them: it is
perfectly clean and fresh-made, it will not stick to your teeth, you can chew
it without teeth, It stops quarrels in the household, It is nutritious,
healthful and satisfying, for indigestion it is superior, try it for your cough
or cold, and it is endorsed by the medical profession.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">“Velvet” was trademarked. On the top panel, the company warned
customer to “Beware Of Imitations.”</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">On one flap of the bright yellow box, H.L. Hildreth announced, “I
am the sole owner and manufacturer of this Patent Box. Patented April 20, 1897.
I warn all against manufacturing or using any Box similar to this Box, as I
will protect it to the full extent of the law.”</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">Another panel described in some detail the candy, both as product
and as warning against imitations: <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></p><blockquote>“Remember, the Genuine Velvet Molasses Candy is wrapped and sold
only in lumps resembling the facsimile on this box, having the word Velvet
printed in the centre in red ink. No matter if the dealer tells you that
something else is just as good, don’t believe him, for he is trying to sell you
an article that he buys for less money and is an imitation and of poor quality,
otherwise he would or could not cut the price.
The price of the Velvet is held up and maintained, therefore insuring
you a standard quality that has never been equaled. You can depend on the
Velvet, it is guaranteed strictly pure and contains nothing harmful. It is
endorsed by the Medical Profession. / In the cold weather the Velvet when
exposed to the cold will turn hard while it is in a cold state, but put it in a
moderately warm room, and it will soften back to its delicious chewing softness
and delicate flavor. The Velvet is not intended to compete in price with the
vile stuff that is on the market selling at a price that is way below what a
first-class article can be made for, so when you want the best molasses candy
that is made on earth, call for the Velvet and be sure that you get the
genuine.”</blockquote><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="background: white; color: #202124; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Hildreth was not afraid to use legal means to
protect his brand. In 1895, for example, he was handed a victory by the Supreme
Court of Massachusetts against the D. S. McDonald Candy Co. of Boston, which
tried to sell molasses candy in a package similar to that of Hildreth’s Velvet
line. McDonald was forbidden to print “in red on yellow wrappers used in
putting up molasses candy.”<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/We%20Wuz%20Robbed.docx#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #202124; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="background: white; color: #202124; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Where’s the Fortune?</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">When Herbert died suddenly in 1922, his son took over ownership
and management of the family business. It appears that Herbert Jr. ran the
company until 1952 when Deran Confectionery Company acquired H.L. Hildreth.
Deran Hintlian had begun purchasing candy companies in 1929, being named the
“dean” of the confectionery manufacturing industry by the National Candy
Wholesalers Association in 1964. Deran died in 1966 and Borden bought the
company in 1970, which was acquired by Great American Brands in 1993, and
finally by NECCO in 1994. It's unclear when the Velvet kiss line of candy was
ended.<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/We%20Wuz%20Robbed.docx#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">Herbert Jr.’s obituary reports that he retired as a salesman for a
lumber/hardware store, so he must have cut ties with the family candy business
after its sale to Deran in 1952. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">Innovation and Taffy-Pulling Machines<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">As for Aunt Myrtle’s tale about saltwater taffy machines, here’s what
I able to learn.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">Taffy is made by heating sugar, cooling the mixture on a slab, and
then pulling and folding the mixture thousands of times to introduce air
bubbles. This pulling gives the candy a smooth finish and a soft, chewy
texture. Until the early twentieth century, taffy was pulled by hand, a
grueling, unsanitary, inefficient process. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">First produced in Europe, saltwater taffy appeared in the U.S.
about 1880 on the Boardwalk in Atlantic City, New Jersey. Taffy is a good
summer candy because it resists melting, especially important in the days
before refrigeration. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">In
April 1900, Herbert M. Dickinson published an article in the candy industry
trade magazine, <i>Confectioner, </i>which offered for sale a machine for
pulling candy. Herbert Hildreth ordered Dickinson’s machine, tested it, and was
disappointed. One of Hildreth’s employees, Thibodeau, saw the Dickinson device,
understood its weaknesses, and devised an improved machine. Hildreth had his
own ideas on how to improve on Dickinson. Both he and Thibodeau filed competing
patents. To protect his position, Thibodeau then acquired Dickinson’s patent. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">By
the close of 1901, the U.S. Patent Office had six competing “candy pulling machine”
patents, a controversy that would last for years.<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/We%20Wuz%20Robbed.docx#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="background: white; color: #202124;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Modern
rules governing corporate conduct would make it difficult for an employee like
Thibodeau to use or profit from the intellectual capital acquired or developed
by his employer. But times were different, and in 1906, Hildreth was forced to
acquire the Dickinson patent from Thibodeau for $75,000. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">This
must be the transaction about which Aunt Myrtle cries. In today’s dollars,
Hildreth would pay a former employee about $2.4 million for a device that
Hildreth had identified, acquired, tested, and attempted himself to improve
upon.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">This
also put H.L. in the position, which the court later noted, of arguing at first
that the Dickinson patent should be overturned, and then (once he owned it) arguing
that it should be endorsed by the courts. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">As
someone who was involved in patent litigation at Sensitech, I know that such
strange turnabouts are not uncommon.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">The introduction of taffy pulling machines meant a spectacular jump
in productivity, increasing the amount of candy that a single person could pull
in one day from 300 lbs. to 10,000 lbs. Modern machines can produce about
50,000 lbs. every day.<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/We%20Wuz%20Robbed.docx#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">Herbert clearly saw an enormous potential, prompting him to
purchase the Dickinson patent in 1906, perhaps from the proceeds of selling his
hotel on Old Orchard Beach. From 1906 on, he was involved exclusively in
selling his Velvet candy line and expanding his manufacture and leasing of
candy pulling machines. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">“It Pulls Anything That Is Pulled By Hand”<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="background: white; color: #202124; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Hildreth described his line of candy-pulling
machines as a “revolution.” A 1919 ad in the <i>Confectioners Journal </i>claimed
that three-quarters of the candy pulled in the U.S. was done by a Hildreth
machine. The machine could pull hard-boiled candy (stick, chips, buttercups),
molasses candy, caramels, chewing candy, and chewing gum. “In fact,” the ad
said, “it pulls anything that is pulled by hand,” including shoemaker’s wax and
white varnish. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="background: white; color: #202124; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Confectioners could use a lower grade of sugar
and recycle waste with a device “ready to work at all times, day or night,
without getting sick, tired, lazy or going on a strike.”<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/We%20Wuz%20Robbed.docx#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #202124; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5B57YL4IsF-ktMFOV6qZtFsVPMO56ewpfw6NaLGbfgA8z4Iwm-UQ4EZ5x2WVWq4AvXU9dIEWBf8UDRF9vFaekQ9DtCIhQ1G3b1Wx-kqotJu69imTdDb99uEWytlhAqLu_IMEMeoltxoM/s2036/Hildreth+pamphlet1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1921" data-original-width="2036" height="604" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5B57YL4IsF-ktMFOV6qZtFsVPMO56ewpfw6NaLGbfgA8z4Iwm-UQ4EZ5x2WVWq4AvXU9dIEWBf8UDRF9vFaekQ9DtCIhQ1G3b1Wx-kqotJu69imTdDb99uEWytlhAqLu_IMEMeoltxoM/w640-h604/Hildreth+pamphlet1.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">These wonderful images of the Hildreth Pulling Machine--never sold, always leased--are also <br />courtesy of Barbara Cain Froman, with my thanks!</td></tr></tbody></table><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1tHN-2Q93luucrNjSA1H0u4qmLNQ_DAdxgbEtVy04o3sHRtvAM6PUE6SkhCaMAejG1gxrrQbiswFnAh_aGpQlKtUm1l1D5I9ebD6S5b81XqhJrij9upqlXkpNO5QZdMk3dDVBEC3EasU/s2019/Hildreth+pamphlet5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2001" data-original-width="2019" height="634" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1tHN-2Q93luucrNjSA1H0u4qmLNQ_DAdxgbEtVy04o3sHRtvAM6PUE6SkhCaMAejG1gxrrQbiswFnAh_aGpQlKtUm1l1D5I9ebD6S5b81XqhJrij9upqlXkpNO5QZdMk3dDVBEC3EasU/w640-h634/Hildreth+pamphlet5.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0g4cJYX1RDGPRwUqpf1U2tcgM2S8RBdNzfSd4j6vJ3s4kQeJNmrJZ60lOjd-6NeY4HVveFJTbqzHI2jO_EVcsAZu0R9EeR8nRbzFmBgblBuhBZlCP8x0dqEUoL9NqEYWDXgh6m6-xyGI/s1744/Taffy+Pulling+Machine3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1744" data-original-width="1104" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0g4cJYX1RDGPRwUqpf1U2tcgM2S8RBdNzfSd4j6vJ3s4kQeJNmrJZ60lOjd-6NeY4HVveFJTbqzHI2jO_EVcsAZu0R9EeR8nRbzFmBgblBuhBZlCP8x0dqEUoL9NqEYWDXgh6m6-xyGI/w406-h640/Taffy+Pulling+Machine3.jpg" width="406" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="background: white; color: #202124; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">That ad appeared in the same issue that
announced that H.L. Hildreth had acquired a brick building at 549-569 Albany
Street in Boston to build a new candy factory. It’s unclear if, by 1919,
Hildreth was making more money from candy or from the lease of his pulling
machines.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="background: white; color: #202124; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">The “taffy machine patent wars” worked their
way up through the courts and were finally resolved in 1921 by the U.S. Supreme
Court in an opinion delivered by Chief Justice (and former President) William
Howard Taft. In <i>Hildreth v. Mastoras</i>, decided on November 7, 1921, Taft
ruled in favor of Hildreth and his Dickinson patent.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="background: white; color: #202124; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Taft framed the question as to whether Dickinson’s
invention was a “primary or generic” invention, or a narrow one limited solely
to the device described in the original filing.<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/We%20Wuz%20Robbed.docx#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #202124; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="background: white; color: #202124; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Hildreth published a summary of Taft’s decision
in a full-page ad in the <i>Confectioners Journal</i>, saying that the Chief
Justice had concluded that Dickinson was a “pioneer” in making candy pulling
more sanitary, cheaper, and available to more producers. Taft noted that not
until the Dickinson patent was candy pulled commercially by a machine. And,
Taft said, the Dickson patent was generic and, therefore, the “doctrine of
broad equivalents applies here.” <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="background: white; color: #202124; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">In other words, every element in the competing
machine could be traced to Dickinson.<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/We%20Wuz%20Robbed.docx#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #202124; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[10]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
The fact that the original Dickinson machine was not as efficient as its
competitors, nor a commercial success, was irrelevant. All the invention need
do, even crudely, was to embody the principles of the patent.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibsR7XsZviONvxaQARQTP6PBes7n_lw83j_bLVamt_yiBJ_WNfKqJSco3_7_Hp61cVlLsIqbAM1mTXHW5OiL2jOQ3Cg7x8wDXnFcLaJ3CU04aSgyOmJijbo1Y4By2HgL542RBynIhZHIk/s966/IMG_0019.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="589" data-original-width="966" height="390" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibsR7XsZviONvxaQARQTP6PBes7n_lw83j_bLVamt_yiBJ_WNfKqJSco3_7_Hp61cVlLsIqbAM1mTXHW5OiL2jOQ3Cg7x8wDXnFcLaJ3CU04aSgyOmJijbo1Y4By2HgL542RBynIhZHIk/w640-h390/IMG_0019.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">An early ad when Nelson was alive, the brothers were partners, and the production of <br />Hildreth candy hadn't yet migrated to Boston.</td></tr></tbody></table><b><span style="background: white; color: #202124; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">We Wuzn’t Robbed, Probably</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="background: white; color: #202124; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">So, Aunt Myrtle’s Uncle Herbert won. Even if he
hadn’t prevailed in court, he already controlled three-quarters of the market
for candy pulling machines in the U.S. It would have been better not to have
paid $75,000 to an employee, but the story seems to end well. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="background: white; color: #202124; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">I wonder, too, if the sale of the hotel on Old
Orchard Beach was required to raise $75,000 to purchase the patent—a hotel that
burned to the ground the following year. Had H.L. not luckily sold when he did,
would he have lost his capital? <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="background: white; color: #202124; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Maybe fortune really did swing the right way,
after all.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="background: white; color: #202124; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Herbert died the following May so had only a
few months to enjoy his legal good fortune and relative peace that brought the
taffy-pulling patent wars to an end. A patent granted in 1906 would expire in
1923.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="background: white; color: #202124; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">One version of the story within the Hildreth
family is that Nelson had the original idea, or perhaps identified the original
patent, and H.L. stole the idea from his brother. While not impossible, I’d
have to find a descendant of H.L. who would admit that his ancestor was a thief
in order to support that story.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="background: white; color: #202124; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">If you’ve dabbled in genealogy at all, you’ll
know that descendants admitting to flawed ancestors is about as common as,
well—I’ll tell you the story of Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings and the fun
we had when I chaired the New England Historic Genealogical Society. But not
today.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="background: white; color: #202124; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Whether Herbert Jr. continued his father’s
success and earned a fortune for the sale of the company in 1952, and where
that fortune may have gone, I don’t know. It would take more digging, perhaps
finding the company’s archives.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="background: white; color: #202124; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">There are lots of questions I’d like to ask my
grandmother, and a few I would ask Aunt Myrtle, but all I’ve got is a heart
that still works and a box of journals, and that’s going to have to be enough for
now. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Special thanks to Sally (Reed)
and Gretchen Dietrich, and to Barbara (Caine) Froman, for their help with this
genealogical investigation. Spending time with them was the real treasure in my
story.</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></p><p class="MsoNormal"><i></i></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYP9jscrxt2IGLId9WqfV8PhfmJ39i2WNGbJqtN8LaYHokJj4BZer-RgCenlZw7c0bqv9j55QW10nCGTUfjRGV2wpYcjc85VGKjM_UoLoqwZPvm3MWYpKYKZ1awccA8AKRDELIzW2uYBs/s1678/HL+Hildreth+postcard1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1090" data-original-width="1678" height="416" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYP9jscrxt2IGLId9WqfV8PhfmJ39i2WNGbJqtN8LaYHokJj4BZer-RgCenlZw7c0bqv9j55QW10nCGTUfjRGV2wpYcjc85VGKjM_UoLoqwZPvm3MWYpKYKZ1awccA8AKRDELIzW2uYBs/w640-h416/HL+Hildreth+postcard1.jpg" width="640" /></a></i></div><i><br /><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></i><p></p><p class="MsoNormal">
</p><div><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<!--[endif]-->
<div id="ftn1">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/We%20Wuz%20Robbed.docx#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft Sans Serif",sans-serif; font-size: 8.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; line-height: 107%;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Microsoft Sans Serif",sans-serif; font-size: 8.5pt;"> <i>Boston Post</i>, Sun., 29
Oct 1893<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn2">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/We%20Wuz%20Robbed.docx#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft Sans Serif",sans-serif; font-size: 8.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; line-height: 107%;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Microsoft Sans Serif",sans-serif; font-size: 8.5pt;"> “Always
Enjoyable—all ways Delicious,” ad, <i>The Bangor Daily News</i>, July 20, 1923.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn3">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/We%20Wuz%20Robbed.docx#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft Sans Serif",sans-serif; font-size: 8.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; line-height: 107%;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Microsoft Sans Serif",sans-serif; font-size: 8.5pt;"> “Willard deLue in Maine,” <i>The Boston Sunday Globe, </i>September
9, 1951.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn4">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/We%20Wuz%20Robbed.docx#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft Sans Serif",sans-serif; font-size: 8.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; line-height: 107%;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Microsoft Sans Serif",sans-serif; font-size: 8.5pt;"> “Another
Decision in Favor of Hildreth’s Velvet Molasses Candy,” ad, <i>The Boston
Globe, </i>January 12, 1895, page 2.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn5">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/We%20Wuz%20Robbed.docx#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft Sans Serif",sans-serif; font-size: 8.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; line-height: 107%;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Microsoft Sans Serif",sans-serif; font-size: 8.5pt;"> "Deran Hintlian Rites Friday; Candy Maker," <i>The
Boston Globe</i>, Boston, MA, Thu, Feb 3, 1966)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn6">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/We%20Wuz%20Robbed.docx#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft Sans Serif",sans-serif; font-size: 8.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; line-height: 107%;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Microsoft Sans Serif",sans-serif; font-size: 8.5pt;"> <i>Hildreth
v. Mastoras</i>, Supreme Court, 257 U.S. 27, argued Oct. 21, 1921, decided Nov.
7, 1921, Legal Information Institute.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn7">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/We%20Wuz%20Robbed.docx#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft Sans Serif",sans-serif; font-size: 8.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; line-height: 107%;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Microsoft Sans Serif",sans-serif; font-size: 8.5pt;">
Alexandra Owens, “What Makes Salt Water Taffy the Perfect Summer Candy?”, <i>Smithsonian
Magazine</i>, July/August 2017.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn8">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/We%20Wuz%20Robbed.docx#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft Sans Serif",sans-serif; font-size: 8.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; line-height: 107%;">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Microsoft Sans Serif",sans-serif; font-size: 8.5pt;"> <i>Confectioners
Journal</i>, c. 1, v. 45, Jul-Dec 1919, page 154.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn9">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/We%20Wuz%20Robbed.docx#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft Sans Serif",sans-serif; font-size: 8.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; line-height: 107%;">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Microsoft Sans Serif",sans-serif; font-size: 8.5pt;"> <i>Hildreth
v. Mastoras</i>, Supreme Court, 257 U.S. 27, argued Oct. 21, 1921, decided Nov.
7, 1921, Legal Information Institute.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn10">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/We%20Wuz%20Robbed.docx#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft Sans Serif",sans-serif; font-size: 8.5pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; line-height: 107%;">[10]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Microsoft Sans Serif",sans-serif; font-size: 8.5pt;"> “United
States Supreme Court Sustains Hildreth’s Candy Pulling Machine Patent,” ad, <i>Confectioners
Journal</i>, December 1921, page 147.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div><div><div id="ftn10">
</div>
</div><div><div id="ftn10">
</div>
</div>Eric B. Schultzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03169391149462048777noreply@blogger.com9tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7279240094159602471.post-1270663184026801552021-07-28T05:55:00.001-04:002022-01-11T17:19:14.450-05:00I Got a Pig: Reflections From the Cutting Edge of Cardiac Innovation<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghRl3_WXcjGD-iEpb6UzBWGdsP_Ku3O5M94Yg80ggzF7wV6cFJWsNeD-v0ZObs52QUA_Sed5Fw6sblxTYdvFutsCBTFpGM9CJwAfQBgc9t6EiOYuibNaAnz5GSYmONGGUoOpUuZQKAz7c/s600/Epic+pig+valve.jpg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="314" data-original-width="600" height="105" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghRl3_WXcjGD-iEpb6UzBWGdsP_Ku3O5M94Yg80ggzF7wV6cFJWsNeD-v0ZObs52QUA_Sed5Fw6sblxTYdvFutsCBTFpGM9CJwAfQBgc9t6EiOYuibNaAnz5GSYmONGGUoOpUuZQKAz7c/w200-h105/Epic+pig+valve.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">(Source: Heartvalvesurgery.com)</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size: 16px;">“</span><span style="background-color: white; background: white; font-size: 16px;">A cat will look down to a man. A dog will look up to a man. But a pig will look you straight in the eye and see his equal.” -- Winston Churchill</span></i></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Of all the innovations I've been exposed to through the years, from <a href="https://www.sensitech.com/en/products/monitors/">TempTales</a> and <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Weathermakers-World-Company-Standard-Industry/dp/0985069309">modern air conditioning</a> to <a href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07XSG7MWY/ref=dp-kindle-redirect?_encoding=UTF8&btkr=1">cotton gins and <i>Hamilton</i></a>, the one closest to my heart is the 23MM Epic Supravalve. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Six months ago today, surgeons at Beth
Israel Deaconess in Boston cracked open my chest, switched on their magic
heart-lung machine, cut out my wonky, calcified aortic valve, and sutured in a new, porcine Epic Supravalve. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In another place or time, I might have received a
bovine valve, or even one taken from a cadaver. Was</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> I a little younger, I might have
chosen a valve made out of carbon. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">But as it happened, on January 28, 2021, lying on an operating table not far from Fenway Park, <i>I got a pig</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><u><span></span></u></span></p><a name='more'></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><u>Think Mercedes</u></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In medical-speak, I received a
xenograft of a bioprosthetic heart valve
made from porcine aortic valve cusps matched
for leaflet coaptation and hemodynamics. <o:p></o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAvJYMZcSnU1QXhm2WSyLHbdyIkvqUg5roYbcThic3wFnV_jfuVqj7ThD6_OzR9OeB1WJRWQjJg563bi2WsUXN_BWg1XmZw14ZY3rAIFZHHPchMc3BecBV9DU8OhZyprjHfxbvoUxnXXk/s225/mB.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="225" data-original-width="225" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAvJYMZcSnU1QXhm2WSyLHbdyIkvqUg5roYbcThic3wFnV_jfuVqj7ThD6_OzR9OeB1WJRWQjJg563bi2WsUXN_BWg1XmZw14ZY3rAIFZHHPchMc3BecBV9DU8OhZyprjHfxbvoUxnXXk/w200-h200/mB.jpg" width="200" /></a></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">If it helps, think of an aortic valve as a Mercedes Benz logo, its three leaflets intended to open and close snugly. And think of my valve as having two of those leaflets stuck together, plus six decades of frayed edges.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Again, the easiest description is: <i>I
got a pig.</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 10.5pt; vertical-align: bottom;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Besides <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9_IA9T3uT8M">Arnold </a>and <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/peppa-pig-a-pandemic-favorite-has-american-children-acting-british-11626627266">Peppa</a>, footballs and bacon, <i><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZA_Tl1kvlQU">Pulp Fiction</a>, <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=__7NUrkFirA">Charlotte's Web</a>,</i> and <i><a href="https://www.shmoop.com/study-guides/literature/lonesome-dove/analysis/the-pigs">Lonesome Dove</a></i>, the reason to
like pigs is that their hearts are similar to our own in size, weight, and structure.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Likewise, the 23-millimeter valve I was given is right for my body size and weight, sort of like choosing a comfortable pair of shoes. And the last thing you want is to spend all day in the wrong-sized shoes.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Check that. The last thing you want is
to have been diagnosed with a wonky aortic valve before 1965.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Because that was the year that pigs began to fly, or at least flow.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Arc of
Innovation</span></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In September 1965, a team in Paris completed the first xenograft
replacement of an aortic valve, and by January 1968 had
implanted 61 porcine valves in 53 patients. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Entrepreneurs claim to want to be on the cutting edge of innovation, but the truth is, the cutting edge can be a very unpleasant place. Those numbers above are correct. Only 65% of these early porcine valves were functioning well at six months, and 45% at a year.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSbOejeHN5Wp3QMUvtIvHgLOABVGyavfZqdGEr5PgCZNH48ZKzvrVrZeSLVw62ultYh5djsKmc7zdatPJNYB5HTGicY3nA2kElARmKsPBUeeOP4y6eZtBBw6wWBDqypcRGaRRMLMpCgs0/s2048/IMG_0851+%25282%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1539" data-original-width="2048" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSbOejeHN5Wp3QMUvtIvHgLOABVGyavfZqdGEr5PgCZNH48ZKzvrVrZeSLVw62ultYh5djsKmc7zdatPJNYB5HTGicY3nA2kElARmKsPBUeeOP4y6eZtBBw6wWBDqypcRGaRRMLMpCgs0/w320-h240/IMG_0851+%25282%2529.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Entrepreneur recently returned <br />from the cutting edge, faking a smile</td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">It seems that the immune system of a patient wanted no part of having a large, interspecies object sutured onto a major organ.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">So, medical innovators went to work
with chemicals like sodium periodate and glutaraldehyde-buffered solutions. The
result was to substantially reduce the human body’s immune response to animal valves. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The percentage of functioning valves
at one year increased to 82%, an engineering miracle.
Through the years, results have continued to improve rapidly and substantially.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Today, pushing innovation ahead in many companies means getting a team of software coders to play nice together. At a company like <a href="https://www.sensitech.com/en/">Sensitech</a>, it means encouraging software and hardware engineers to work hand-in-glove. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">But for porcine heart valves to evolve, it takes the relentless pursuit of innovation by a combination of cardiologists, surgeons, mechanical engineers, biologists, and biochemists. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 16px;">It's a complex, high-stakes process where failure is not about cleaning up a few bugs in the next release, but about the quality of life and sometimes life itself. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Future<o:p></o:p></span></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #070707; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqIU0J2zcKGxydTYgKbobtLWrcKvWRF0gHrCTmH69l7-Clp1dI30iSzH47BXKUgV_EJdqp1Lt7TNSOGDhRu5NIZyKzFVYnY1x312nx4iiMdqU6UPNMcxl-P6uqB_B7Drnyfwuurkgf1Dg/s400/some+pig.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="400" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqIU0J2zcKGxydTYgKbobtLWrcKvWRF0gHrCTmH69l7-Clp1dI30iSzH47BXKUgV_EJdqp1Lt7TNSOGDhRu5NIZyKzFVYnY1x312nx4iiMdqU6UPNMcxl-P6uqB_B7Drnyfwuurkgf1Dg/w200-h200/some+pig.jpg" width="200" /></a></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">About 250,000 human heart valves are replaced worldwide each year. When I asked my surgeon how many successful implants he had done, he smiled and asked, "This week?" </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">That's the right answer. One person's major surgery should be another person's walk in the park.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Today’s valves,
like the one I received, are harvested from pigs intended for consumption.
Tomorrow, researchers may breed pigs with valves genetically altered for human
implantation.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">The </span><i style="font-size: 12pt;">Guardian</i><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> reported not long ago that adapted pig hearts—the whole thing--could be transplanted into patients
within three years. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">You first, of course, and p</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">lease let me know
how it goes.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">So, if we compare my Epic Supravalve
against a healthy native valve, I believe we are about two-thirds of the way to
where medicine would like to be. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">I would rather be much further along on that innovation arc, but I also know, except for fate, that it might also be 1964.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="color: #070707; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></u></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><u></u></div><u><span style="color: #070707; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">With
Thanks</span></u><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">I don’t really like to think about
what happened to me on January 28. I have assiduously avoided watching any YouTube videos
showing open-heart surgery. </span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">I have joined and unjoined the "Aortic Valve Replacement Group" on Facebook five times. (Soon, I may be banned for life.) Most of the stories are positive but occasionally there is one so harrowing that I can't help but click the unjoin button.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">I may have gotten a pig, but I am still a chicken. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">That doesn't mean I'm not thankful for skilled surgeons and brilliant medical entrepreneurs at work around the world, nor am I unhappy to be on an arc of innovation that makes this life-changing operation possible. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5NxRotYel7OlU7CY00EgAjFhu5EGguJTU67T-md1K0p8QB1hD4b6pxFCesc-kePNDM6QQNHPSa9rBdtfVxHY2asTidu2feenuanG3JGMBVmC5C-0J34RKam74xnCj3vJ0I3cLN_0at34/s2048/IMG_1548.jpg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="2008" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5NxRotYel7OlU7CY00EgAjFhu5EGguJTU67T-md1K0p8QB1hD4b6pxFCesc-kePNDM6QQNHPSa9rBdtfVxHY2asTidu2feenuanG3JGMBVmC5C-0J34RKam74xnCj3vJ0I3cLN_0at34/w196-h200/IMG_1548.jpg" width="196" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">My cough pillow, another brilliant innovation</td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">I also appreciate pigs more than you
can know.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Thanks especially to the folks at
BIDMC for pushing forward on cardiac innovation. By the time my pig conks out in 2026 (gulp), 2031(reasonable), or hopefully later, I expect they’ll have their TAVR procedures down to a walk in the park. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">TAVR? That's a different blog post for a different day, but one that I have great hopes of writing.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><u style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><u style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="font-size: x-small;">Sources</span></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-size: x-small; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S174391911500374X#:~:text=The%20very%20first%20successful%20xenograft,with%20a%20high%20failure%20rate">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S174391911500374X#:~:text=The%20very%20first%20successful%20xenograft,with%20a%20high%20failure%20rate</a></span></li><li><span style="font-size: x-small;">https://www.mcleodhealth.org/blog/heart-valve-replacement-half-century-medical-innovation/</span></li><li><span style="font-size: x-small; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="https://www.heart-valve-surgery.com/learning/pig-valve-replacement/">https://www.heart-valve-surgery.com/learning/pig-valve-replacement/</a></span></li><li><span style="font-size: x-small; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2019/aug/19/pig-to-human-heart-transplants-possible-within-three-years-terence-english">https://www.theguardian.com/science/2019/aug/19/pig-to-human-heart-transplants-possible-within-three-years-terence-english</a></span></li><li><a href="https://cardiovascmed.ch/article/doi/cvm.2017.00532"><span style="font-size: x-small; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">https://cardiovascmed.ch/article/doi/cvm.2017.00532</span></a></li><li><span style="font-size: x-small;">me, back from the cutting edge</span></li></ul><p></p><p>
</p>Eric B. Schultzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03169391149462048777noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7279240094159602471.post-76128492522368993312021-07-17T10:45:00.003-04:002021-10-18T08:07:42.700-04:00"Innovation on Tap" Excerpt # 9: Willis Carrier, Entrepreneur (119 Years Later)<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqYYK9t_AXIuZrxcAFj_M7i8QD4xcGpFptkoqPq4vPakfS-yrih-m5jUFpxegptrHVgGnpz2sGRry0FRdbfGIJVqHYVfXgQk_Pbc2zG0GDsjmUpsHnwjSkuEXbmOxG_7E5UEMvmmZAQcE/s824/Innovation+on+Tap.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="824" data-original-width="580" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqYYK9t_AXIuZrxcAFj_M7i8QD4xcGpFptkoqPq4vPakfS-yrih-m5jUFpxegptrHVgGnpz2sGRry0FRdbfGIJVqHYVfXgQk_Pbc2zG0GDsjmUpsHnwjSkuEXbmOxG_7E5UEMvmmZAQcE/s320/Innovation+on+Tap.jpg" /></a></div><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">The seventh chapter of "Innovation on Tap" is the story of entrepreneur Willis Carrier and the birth of modern air conditioning, which celebrates its 119th anniversary today. The excerpt below moves the story ahead some 13 years, to the launch of Carrier Engineering Corporation as a standalone company by Willis and his partner, J.I. Lyle.</span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">While we think of HVAC today as a
multi-billion dollar, global, growth industry, the story of Carrier’s launch—in the
teeth of World War I, when global trade had ground to a halt--reminds us of just
how nimble, innovative, and entrepreneurial Willis and his partners had to be
to succeed. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">For more on Carrier and its storied history, see <a href="https://www.carrier.com/carrier/en/worldwide/about/history/">here</a>.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++</p>
<p class="txt" style="line-height: normal; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Carrier Engineering Corporation
(CEC) opened for business on July 1, 1915. It was a classic start-up. Willis
Carrier rented two rooms in the Mutual Life Building in Buffalo for himself, a
secretary, and one draftsman. “We ended up with
second-hand furniture—two desks, a drafting board and stool and a few files," his secretary recalled. "We
had two wicker chairs for visitors, and Mr. Carrier’s friends would ask him if
he had swiped them from a tavern.”</span></p>
<p class="txt" style="line-height: normal; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhknMXifYj1tgOI8Sbb0FN1JEWjb9dSmXEiRUl7pSzlCu9VcQ57BTXik94kwzJjLAOYm_gvWrf3viC-6aqjP8ll5hkEAufpVud_4BzpIWW9uFu6k3z_RAoIx3mBkao0yNgkjkLlOKEw7-A/s640/1915CarrierAd92661-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="468" data-original-width="640" height="293" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhknMXifYj1tgOI8Sbb0FN1JEWjb9dSmXEiRUl7pSzlCu9VcQ57BTXik94kwzJjLAOYm_gvWrf3viC-6aqjP8ll5hkEAufpVud_4BzpIWW9uFu6k3z_RAoIx3mBkao0yNgkjkLlOKEw7-A/w400-h293/1915CarrierAd92661-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="txt" style="line-height: normal; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Carrier Engineering raised enough cash to run the business for six months without a sale. "This was certainly cutting it pretty fine," Willis recalled. And, for eighteen days, the new company languished. But what World War I had taken away, it suddenly returned. </span></p><p class="txt" style="line-height: normal; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span></span></span></p><a name='more'></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18px;">The first contract booked by CEC was with the American Ammunition Company in Paulsboro, New Jersey. The fourth job was for the International Arms and Fuse Company in Bloomfield, New Jersey. Ten of CEC's first twenty-nine jobs were for fuse-loading plants and totaled nearly $150,000. Pricing was robust because only Carrier had the skill and speed to complete the installations for such critical wartime work.</span><p></p><p class="txt" style="line-height: normal; text-indent: 0in;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzT72dkRqm7T3XYA6eDOAVb5V78zO6cw86Db2LZUsglaN4iRxhhxuhZd0h3Mra6gkplHU4hgTzhKk1liYll0R_M8FYRRO771Eu-HR6az_lG8BIa63f8V7quYmaYqrVyubtlTxJ53S2H9w/s640/1915Int_Arms92984-1.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="502" data-original-width="640" height="314" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzT72dkRqm7T3XYA6eDOAVb5V78zO6cw86Db2LZUsglaN4iRxhhxuhZd0h3Mra6gkplHU4hgTzhKk1liYll0R_M8FYRRO771Eu-HR6az_lG8BIa63f8V7quYmaYqrVyubtlTxJ53S2H9w/w400-h314/1915Int_Arms92984-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">International Arms and Fuse<br />Something only Carrier and his partners could accomplish in 1915.</td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt; text-indent: 0in;"><br /></span><p></p><p class="txt" style="line-height: normal; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt; text-indent: 0in;">These contracts ensured the start-up’s
success. In December 1918, Lyle reported that CEC had equipped sixteen fuse-loading
plants in the United States and Canada with air-conditioning apparatus. These installations reduced dust and the risk of
explosion by providing cool, dry, consistent air—allowing delicate manufacturing
operations to continue twenty-four hours a day. Those not acquainted with
development of the art of air-conditioning over the previous few years, Lyle
said, would have considered this feat impossible.</span></p>
<p class="txt" style="line-height: normal; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Carrier and his talented team of
engineers found themselves with a wide-open playing field, the result of
innovation and intentional community building. But it was also the result of
sheer entrepreneurial luck.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="txt" style="line-height: normal; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">“Looking back at those uncertain
days,” Carrier said, “I have often thought that—had we not decided then and
there to go ahead at once—we never would have formed the Carrier Corporation. If
I had waited another month, the whole project would have been doomed.”</span></p>
<p class="txt" style="line-height: normal; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">As it was, Carrier and Lyle
launched a start-up at one of the single worst entrepreneurial moments of the
twentieth century. Their intent was to sell a still expensive, often misunderstood
product in markets that seemed to be imploding under wartime stress. In
retrospect, Willis Carrier knew that the gods of chance had smiled upon him.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="txt" style="line-height: normal; text-indent: 0in;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSwv771JqWBfNUY9A0SysgEBMXzTjVQStD6x84bbiQGqBT4byh_gb14-z83MwTplfncIwTNkniWiOzkf2siaOgZK_STiBE99UFbFXmwAlTESv3Lu_wgb_Klet-EP27RPIqFORZUwX57Zk/s640/1918-Founders-154457+%25281%2529-1.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="499" data-original-width="640" height="313" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSwv771JqWBfNUY9A0SysgEBMXzTjVQStD6x84bbiQGqBT4byh_gb14-z83MwTplfncIwTNkniWiOzkf2siaOgZK_STiBE99UFbFXmwAlTESv3Lu_wgb_Klet-EP27RPIqFORZUwX57Zk/w400-h313/1918-Founders-154457+%25281%2529-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Carrier, Lyle (2&3 from left), and their five partners. <br />Just as innovative and courageous as today's entrepreneurs, but better dressed. </td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt; text-indent: 0in;">By the 1920s, Carrier and Lyle had
successfully installed their “manufactured air” in more than two hundred
industries. The sale often involved a skeptical buyer asked to absorb new
capital and operating expenses. Pioneering customers purchased a product that
was invisible and could seem frivolous to traditional managers. Nevertheless,
early successes in textile, tobacco, confectionery, and munitions factories led
to increasing acceptance across industries and provided proof that the CEC
partners had identified a profitable, long-term business opportunity.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">And skipping ahead
a few more decades . . . In 1999, </span><span class="ital" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><i>U.S. News & World Report</i></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><i>
</i>named Willis Carrier one of twenty-five Americans who shaped the modern era and
“the coolest American of the century.” The magazine added, “Carrier, the ‘Father
of Air Conditioning,’ is the man who made the Sun Belt—as well as the factory,
the movie theater, and the modern home—tolerable in summer.”</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3F8offmy7hQeEf9_bMUTRPcycEdO72KArjWcj2NuBihFaurUVEk1xhGyMkBw4pHsvW5ZqVXShVV5QZ_zZyd7JsHyudre7rlv1M6lDSRjRYzFh6c0f2as2ziYsMSGQoiup-0abBIGjcZU/s640/1999-US-News-1-122478.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="493" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3F8offmy7hQeEf9_bMUTRPcycEdO72KArjWcj2NuBihFaurUVEk1xhGyMkBw4pHsvW5ZqVXShVV5QZ_zZyd7JsHyudre7rlv1M6lDSRjRYzFh6c0f2as2ziYsMSGQoiup-0abBIGjcZU/w308-h400/1999-US-News-1-122478.jpg" width="308" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">This is the ninth excerpt from </span><i style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><a href="http://theoccasionalceo.blogspot.com/2019/10/innovation-on-tap-movie-sort-of.html">Innovation
on Tap: Stories of Entrepreneurship From the Cotton Git to Broadway’s “Hamilton”</a>
© </i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Eric B. Schultz, available on Amazon and Barnes & Noble.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Excerpt #1, about Buddy Bolden and the birth of
jazz, is<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/7279240094159602471/7917536577415446797"> here</a>.
Excerpt #2, about Jason Jacobs and the growth of Runkeeper, is <a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/7279240094159602471/7917536577415446797">here</a>.
Excerpt #3, about Jean Brownhill and Sweeten, is <a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/7279240094159602471/7917536577415446797">here</a>.
Excerpt #4, about Elizabeth Arden and "the right to be beautiful,"
is <a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/7279240094159602471/7917536577415446797">here</a>.
Excerpt #5, about GM's Alfred Sloan (the most successful American entrepreneur
ever?), is <a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/7279240094159602471/7917536577415446797">here</a>. Excerpt
#6, about Evertrue’s Brent Grinna, is <a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/7279240094159602471/7917536577415446797">here</a>.
Excerpt #7, about Lin-Manuel Miranda and <i>Hamilton</i>, is <a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/7279240094159602471/7917536577415446797">here</a>.
Excerpt #8, about Mary (Elizabeth) Evans Sharpe, candy entrepreneur, is <a href="http://theoccasionalceo.blogspot.com/2020/04/innovation-on-tap-8-mary-elizabeth.html">here</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p>Eric B. Schultzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03169391149462048777noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7279240094159602471.post-45602589404002313232021-07-06T07:58:00.006-04:002021-07-06T08:01:41.673-04:00Tweets for Tweets (4): My Favorite Bird Photos of H1 2021<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZvqGnWvG6-6GSSJ1I16qybHqF3sYYkWPGuGbGTDomM3PWRqGVgAdzSwgO4bNZNIpTqo0HVKXCbzVRvyhJ92mznTd3KItv1RYNkT6Sb_X_Sgc4EiBenGu66_v9wY5-_CNx1wmRY4LCKZE/s2048/IMG_3018edit.JPG" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZvqGnWvG6-6GSSJ1I16qybHqF3sYYkWPGuGbGTDomM3PWRqGVgAdzSwgO4bNZNIpTqo0HVKXCbzVRvyhJ92mznTd3KItv1RYNkT6Sb_X_Sgc4EiBenGu66_v9wY5-_CNx1wmRY4LCKZE/w320-h240/IMG_3018edit.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Common Grackle, stained-glass variety</td></tr></tbody></table><p>The first six months of 2021 were a blur. I checked into Beth Israel in Boston at the end of January to have my wonky aortic valve replaced and, ever since, have been working out my new normal. </p><p>That's in addition to finding the <i>other,</i> post-COVID, new normal that we've all been seeking. </p><p>Hoping we're post-COVID, of course.</p><p>Birding turns out to be the perfect activity for someone ordered by his cardiologist to walk an hour every day. And with Audubon trips just resuming, everything in the first half of 2021 has been local, gentle, and mostly solo.</p><p>I'm looking forward to the second half of 2021. Meals at restaurants. Gettysburg visits. Puffins. Old Colony cemetery walks. Nantucket. Book-talks for <i>Innovation on Tap. </i>The next book. A new white paper or two. A blog post or three. A wedding. Maybe a West Coast junket. My new porcine valve--monitored by Sensitech, I assume--needs only to open and close 1.3 million times to get me through to New Year's. </p><p>Piece of cake. 😎🐷</p><p>Below are some of my favorite bird photos from the first six months of 2021.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0Z07NdL_SXLFtShfeEHFh6_lmWM9V8B7fa2Fs68bX9yW4EaZqOHPHq5NpEfrh-zhX8vjVRrem6B647J3b-9Lh6etBEQHvNjheM5wwxIWf9mzy7UbgEOyVS-gRclvLL6FmOzGANY10Nns/s2048/IMG_0504edit.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0Z07NdL_SXLFtShfeEHFh6_lmWM9V8B7fa2Fs68bX9yW4EaZqOHPHq5NpEfrh-zhX8vjVRrem6B647J3b-9Lh6etBEQHvNjheM5wwxIWf9mzy7UbgEOyVS-gRclvLL6FmOzGANY10Nns/w640-h480/IMG_0504edit.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Snowy Owl</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhEHAXOIHvHHbGQJ-M8PwuN7n9AR1-URIE66Q4Ny0g5g1O_cUfcq4fhV_Z07mmE7rp3uSBe-juWlmHlUY5_ZGFMOJxt9ad-F28LJzXFm3fCh1dhkxS_4kVPjzphfeJ-F0-Y8MT94iFmBg/s2048/IMG_8324e.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhEHAXOIHvHHbGQJ-M8PwuN7n9AR1-URIE66Q4Ny0g5g1O_cUfcq4fhV_Z07mmE7rp3uSBe-juWlmHlUY5_ZGFMOJxt9ad-F28LJzXFm3fCh1dhkxS_4kVPjzphfeJ-F0-Y8MT94iFmBg/w640-h480/IMG_8324e.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Chipping Sparrow in full camo</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtRLGmyQ95EIdOl05Rz1-90a2cFknhs5I5pvHicG-44aowXl2L1zQxSHPZvSXS-8MG0iBsxUxzR7lwrfmbtMprsZiJdeClJ1eSGNazly3aWQ7vuIzbhJZvG_9hN3vuEfUPvh0qaIx1KT0/s2048/IMG_0112e.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1462" data-original-width="2048" height="456" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtRLGmyQ95EIdOl05Rz1-90a2cFknhs5I5pvHicG-44aowXl2L1zQxSHPZvSXS-8MG0iBsxUxzR7lwrfmbtMprsZiJdeClJ1eSGNazly3aWQ7vuIzbhJZvG_9hN3vuEfUPvh0qaIx1KT0/w640-h456/IMG_0112e.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Photobombed<span><a name='more'></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXRfHXh_KZKE0cJFIZ-lsXAAvhTGS_TKhdh97gvBNHGxbMV85U3S05cI6nydTaZMuVzrq4663763oukPXKXhTnInSuRgiFgB1GCpOlPfMTZaJ_dXp6ySzkc9PzisXrKKrVK3yRpijAlBI/s2048/IMG_0409edit.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXRfHXh_KZKE0cJFIZ-lsXAAvhTGS_TKhdh97gvBNHGxbMV85U3S05cI6nydTaZMuVzrq4663763oukPXKXhTnInSuRgiFgB1GCpOlPfMTZaJ_dXp6ySzkc9PzisXrKKrVK3yRpijAlBI/w640-h480/IMG_0409edit.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Northern Mockingbird protecting his turf</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi05Ph6xstOU7znIwhHCqbkpGsvr7lT0w0hYaROx0KB4D_0Bnfo6Ubd7ufvuHRFJdK4_KQ0m0bwJ-1RP1A2G8o7HAQqXP3Grg2s-vG-Zolc8Zi4YERIRLjzqOPIOpKEAdpRTxE4f42jurU/s2048/IMG_2125edit.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi05Ph6xstOU7znIwhHCqbkpGsvr7lT0w0hYaROx0KB4D_0Bnfo6Ubd7ufvuHRFJdK4_KQ0m0bwJ-1RP1A2G8o7HAQqXP3Grg2s-vG-Zolc8Zi4YERIRLjzqOPIOpKEAdpRTxE4f42jurU/w640-h480/IMG_2125edit.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mourning Doves 1</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7qhMCr0sJOejil85xzjojZcSOcix3JNRUpP0hNhx56mRpi3BI7XgXVMa2HlrqNtse5A6PEq3yhfgIjmPisRKp_xTQxT4Yp5Plt87Tw1KfGlAhLEElezPMCuEPyae1ebWk2Jq5-EMRAWI/s2048/IMG_2131edit.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7qhMCr0sJOejil85xzjojZcSOcix3JNRUpP0hNhx56mRpi3BI7XgXVMa2HlrqNtse5A6PEq3yhfgIjmPisRKp_xTQxT4Yp5Plt87Tw1KfGlAhLEElezPMCuEPyae1ebWk2Jq5-EMRAWI/w640-h480/IMG_2131edit.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mourning Doves 2 (think they like each other?)</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgQcRNnpL9TivqTez6sGQyzp0-aOchRQSNhHhJeBhGPaFO12mTQjmfKT_fzS9u1lE2WSyWf9ddN8K9DtpWW8OD-ZQHWDyX1TvaKe0qzTicNJt4fENDmJFRKtcri9GXqGkDcFRjwI7MfVg/s2048/IMG_2595edit.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1463" data-original-width="2048" height="458" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgQcRNnpL9TivqTez6sGQyzp0-aOchRQSNhHhJeBhGPaFO12mTQjmfKT_fzS9u1lE2WSyWf9ddN8K9DtpWW8OD-ZQHWDyX1TvaKe0qzTicNJt4fENDmJFRKtcri9GXqGkDcFRjwI7MfVg/w640-h458/IMG_2595edit.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This is a mature Bald Eagle warning off a youngster. What you can't see is the young lady, just out of the frame. This shot was beyond my camera, but there's no mistaking intent.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTmjcdit6-WJkcmuQB6S2foFuoTPIF56IPk5mS7Ardi6taBbA2oCnwdwAV69PCxdmlFZMoIlfsfY8X4uPvorD4ntrMaigN_OKL-_W9lQLHhkajQnIPMym_kGXV0NR_9eerMxfHOlcrSM4/s2048/IMG_3762dit.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTmjcdit6-WJkcmuQB6S2foFuoTPIF56IPk5mS7Ardi6taBbA2oCnwdwAV69PCxdmlFZMoIlfsfY8X4uPvorD4ntrMaigN_OKL-_W9lQLHhkajQnIPMym_kGXV0NR_9eerMxfHOlcrSM4/w640-h480/IMG_3762dit.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Turkey Vulture, sunning itself</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNL4d9itP5NTi2KDx_7Q0aNbXjrKKcSW4DdbYlAjCRXm5h22J4xSBvbb_xCZHqoKbtAb7yEledv1s5jk1hdgeh3wlfpx6H89b6fNEN7sHbnhXHYYNi1t_6BMMm4VQ0H7gleeS1IzpUDS0/s2048/IMG_4582edit.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1364" data-original-width="2048" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNL4d9itP5NTi2KDx_7Q0aNbXjrKKcSW4DdbYlAjCRXm5h22J4xSBvbb_xCZHqoKbtAb7yEledv1s5jk1hdgeh3wlfpx6H89b6fNEN7sHbnhXHYYNi1t_6BMMm4VQ0H7gleeS1IzpUDS0/w640-h426/IMG_4582edit.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Wood Duck</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCpsRvHpExCMTkNCke3T05NRYM766YADSDKw0Z-O89V3to1JqEjsxsgpRAj2ZbmpLAERhH2tEb_51S6Aq2-E9PVWhvXFJkjXybqZUVVilDiYxq8qb81vdLyY0FJ-GnNNr-T3a1ebYX9RE/s2048/IMG_4653edit.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCpsRvHpExCMTkNCke3T05NRYM766YADSDKw0Z-O89V3to1JqEjsxsgpRAj2ZbmpLAERhH2tEb_51S6Aq2-E9PVWhvXFJkjXybqZUVVilDiYxq8qb81vdLyY0FJ-GnNNr-T3a1ebYX9RE/w640-h480/IMG_4653edit.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">White-breasted Nuthatches. What says love like trading a bug upside-down?</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_l7Da2qK9DvECAH5xr62JT7YIENQahKRUfysBHqT4i8Ijx70vSBz48g8U8KK2L8hgUY4XEtJs-5vgrdgqaMa-g0zL-PwL_SM_GM9DuQeC_7Wo55orMC6nloFXlAFDT6aH8mxYcWKfN30/s2048/IMG_4918e.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_l7Da2qK9DvECAH5xr62JT7YIENQahKRUfysBHqT4i8Ijx70vSBz48g8U8KK2L8hgUY4XEtJs-5vgrdgqaMa-g0zL-PwL_SM_GM9DuQeC_7Wo55orMC6nloFXlAFDT6aH8mxYcWKfN30/w640-h480/IMG_4918e.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Wild Turkey</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJaTdE-cE83HWB74rb8J0QXuZsn5Ujg_AUiCIVFyhnJzG_kdXfqvKr35FgHb85tmwpIlYH39WLpyMlJzgZ0szLWZso8-PY5yemIGccbt4TT6vFIrhNI5N7fou4s3jG1ufCQsVTtjBVxdc/s2048/IMG_5354e.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJaTdE-cE83HWB74rb8J0QXuZsn5Ujg_AUiCIVFyhnJzG_kdXfqvKr35FgHb85tmwpIlYH39WLpyMlJzgZ0szLWZso8-PY5yemIGccbt4TT6vFIrhNI5N7fou4s3jG1ufCQsVTtjBVxdc/w640-h480/IMG_5354e.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Palm Warbler</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQil3iLwvNTnAuM0v6t8dncb88IjB0tvWmq0PpbvrEs-gtk4-uw3-lg_Gc9CrMDbG7Sz-l1fYNd56q6OoFZZpPtwZwcKZC79P160JMp-lck_jYuPdxoxCbypriBVTadwCqT34AoImOW6I/s2048/IMG_5465e.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1362" data-original-width="2048" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQil3iLwvNTnAuM0v6t8dncb88IjB0tvWmq0PpbvrEs-gtk4-uw3-lg_Gc9CrMDbG7Sz-l1fYNd56q6OoFZZpPtwZwcKZC79P160JMp-lck_jYuPdxoxCbypriBVTadwCqT34AoImOW6I/w640-h426/IMG_5465e.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Nesting Season, or not</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguyUWyMo9OKbVvkUi0j9VMvnu6ufCIEqAA3jHukn7PyA0f4r-b_PWQqKneOcvS1XeyY7hpzLQ5lFnvOwYglzjo8am6nnsGuwXV3GZEDhpUFZ8TrNF7rl0E4prwXNOaZ2T-eA2y8ULgpyg/s2048/IMG_5832edit.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguyUWyMo9OKbVvkUi0j9VMvnu6ufCIEqAA3jHukn7PyA0f4r-b_PWQqKneOcvS1XeyY7hpzLQ5lFnvOwYglzjo8am6nnsGuwXV3GZEDhpUFZ8TrNF7rl0E4prwXNOaZ2T-eA2y8ULgpyg/w640-h480/IMG_5832edit.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This is why they're called Yellow-rumped Warblers</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHIwZT4v2oDg8doRTG-m_eS95enGVB0PkLn8HeLdjdhxse-aApnv3222gMeRvfUXQFwMjDCcBI0zH5vgo3IfZ2S1b19JNjDccdJws2N2-0M70C-4WZd94BAQd8ZTqc9R_xbM-vhKyBDg0/s2048/IMG_5845edit.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHIwZT4v2oDg8doRTG-m_eS95enGVB0PkLn8HeLdjdhxse-aApnv3222gMeRvfUXQFwMjDCcBI0zH5vgo3IfZ2S1b19JNjDccdJws2N2-0M70C-4WZd94BAQd8ZTqc9R_xbM-vhKyBDg0/w640-h480/IMG_5845edit.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">House Finch. I've learned it pays to hang near the berry bushes.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinj4pe9nphiYg0FJNkZHRDHglcMlFgPcX7OXa3S3-qDc5-fD5Zf2zPDt4nF5aiYQGUr59rDRGjOQ-qvuJgzucILAi6L9K5LmctYUSa6ljh4TaXgHixWAEChkgCpHq6Pooa2rXTPCi6OTk/s2048/IMG_5910enter.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinj4pe9nphiYg0FJNkZHRDHglcMlFgPcX7OXa3S3-qDc5-fD5Zf2zPDt4nF5aiYQGUr59rDRGjOQ-qvuJgzucILAi6L9K5LmctYUSa6ljh4TaXgHixWAEChkgCpHq6Pooa2rXTPCi6OTk/w640-h480/IMG_5910enter.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Barred Owl, checking me out</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGw6xi8NOczerQvjrhQ7ulMM46VwemlRpAau5twgIMcD01Av4WFimL9WX0fmmStY4ggTHJsCM19iwCLsCvba0-YzIFqNCAm-J5TxG78NzXrYea7AHHfHpY4F1jFdWcIof4JCKlKPw44kU/s2048/IMG_6188edit.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGw6xi8NOczerQvjrhQ7ulMM46VwemlRpAau5twgIMcD01Av4WFimL9WX0fmmStY4ggTHJsCM19iwCLsCvba0-YzIFqNCAm-J5TxG78NzXrYea7AHHfHpY4F1jFdWcIof4JCKlKPw44kU/w640-h480/IMG_6188edit.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Grey Catbird. My buddy. He sits in the tree outside my study and sings his heart out.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOrAA-NIGg7SQKSNETETiYWLZ14pSF10Ew-S77R0eb9AMV4cL03QcCuBEBObd_G2zSK-3dhDumrdbeDBYOjCl1ukac71-YOFAP7QI0x5J_zubPNU2YdiLoCOQ0X9KG7f_3OgBsDGOjDB0/s2048/IMG_6585e.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOrAA-NIGg7SQKSNETETiYWLZ14pSF10Ew-S77R0eb9AMV4cL03QcCuBEBObd_G2zSK-3dhDumrdbeDBYOjCl1ukac71-YOFAP7QI0x5J_zubPNU2YdiLoCOQ0X9KG7f_3OgBsDGOjDB0/w640-h480/IMG_6585e.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mourning Dove 3, getting its good side</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmewhMnfHmQhjBKSvqWAbe-9HMT3rnYCOZpza1gMVayJ9z6EC5WcI51BqaUb3HMP6bVP2foVPLm2H5N1NAtm3-1UK6sF1veh4p-xV7TFauu4wOowTchTH1z0qK7Jk9Mxn5gRzY58fQtoQ/s2048/IMG_9190e.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmewhMnfHmQhjBKSvqWAbe-9HMT3rnYCOZpza1gMVayJ9z6EC5WcI51BqaUb3HMP6bVP2foVPLm2H5N1NAtm3-1UK6sF1veh4p-xV7TFauu4wOowTchTH1z0qK7Jk9Mxn5gRzY58fQtoQ/w640-h480/IMG_9190e.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bobolink</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNHQ4tZxHVDLSv3L_ZoCsjcVTE0W37zyeY7F9k1WT_jM4EjOcoRbN98HMJuRN5B3CQMRr_czSUSf-EutZUouO-K6NHQ6c6pS3Eo7W93rkQ8P-cclwyVIdottTAyNHlWxPQkHrCFh84CWs/s2048/IMG_9213e.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNHQ4tZxHVDLSv3L_ZoCsjcVTE0W37zyeY7F9k1WT_jM4EjOcoRbN98HMJuRN5B3CQMRr_czSUSf-EutZUouO-K6NHQ6c6pS3Eo7W93rkQ8P-cclwyVIdottTAyNHlWxPQkHrCFh84CWs/w640-h480/IMG_9213e.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Kildeer (but it doesn't)</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipgTVyk0XSjVjY4eQvgPdXR_mQBAD3fOKl1Wdc4tiTppAGlnaWtz3mrE_TJZggvYstAslYlQg3Dmy4Rg1KTmgw2ygFMx6IbX3VrA-sNVrjtp45_qrl1C1QA9-wGe04wJKCE59CqPxwNDQ/s2048/IMG_6659edit.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipgTVyk0XSjVjY4eQvgPdXR_mQBAD3fOKl1Wdc4tiTppAGlnaWtz3mrE_TJZggvYstAslYlQg3Dmy4Rg1KTmgw2ygFMx6IbX3VrA-sNVrjtp45_qrl1C1QA9-wGe04wJKCE59CqPxwNDQ/w640-h480/IMG_6659edit.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Love is in the air, or something</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRIa7c93MU-ecGnWQRfp8thwUr3ce-bAS9TiyJahw0PQR-f-jKuza-KhkxjqvH6RjyYVwxWI5hNKfjqtRy7s412NjqLLmnRQz6XElB_sQ9Yp1CMpXW5560ESWzSC4dBnFZJsWF6KPNWSA/s4608/IMG_6848.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRIa7c93MU-ecGnWQRfp8thwUr3ce-bAS9TiyJahw0PQR-f-jKuza-KhkxjqvH6RjyYVwxWI5hNKfjqtRy7s412NjqLLmnRQz6XElB_sQ9Yp1CMpXW5560ESWzSC4dBnFZJsWF6KPNWSA/w640-h480/IMG_6848.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Pileated Woodpecker did. not. care. I was there</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJkS4KClj-mL-i68ZgbiTRZLuKPRE-UYdE_GtigIwKHq-cwbf-2v2_IF6D3NEO7oYFr5pIvQVcUM_pOIjbVo2fNo4893HGg9H0EJvkzO_zlS58bxWsnGljWOYuKKZYpRFenJ4k9iMB77U/s2048/IMG_7168e.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJkS4KClj-mL-i68ZgbiTRZLuKPRE-UYdE_GtigIwKHq-cwbf-2v2_IF6D3NEO7oYFr5pIvQVcUM_pOIjbVo2fNo4893HGg9H0EJvkzO_zlS58bxWsnGljWOYuKKZYpRFenJ4k9iMB77U/w640-h480/IMG_7168e.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">House Finch version of <i>Lady and the Tramp</i></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJyRFs4DjXE9dVHyZ0pOdYQXwP32MiziKSPTWJE7JvIe9o6NX9V2BjUvoiO6oKWNu8PzOfTAynTrG4dY6VmDZQ73AbkS91b0XdSJ0d2OE6kUUV8SwH5BQGEwLo53F_SHHf-NQFM-Hsg2o/s2048/IMG_8808e.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJyRFs4DjXE9dVHyZ0pOdYQXwP32MiziKSPTWJE7JvIe9o6NX9V2BjUvoiO6oKWNu8PzOfTAynTrG4dY6VmDZQ73AbkS91b0XdSJ0d2OE6kUUV8SwH5BQGEwLo53F_SHHf-NQFM-Hsg2o/w640-h480/IMG_8808e.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">I was visiting Mom, Dad, and brother Carl on Memorial Day <br />when this good-luck Mockingbird paid a visit</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><p><br /></p><span><!--more--></span><span><!--more--></span>Eric B. Schultzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03169391149462048777noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7279240094159602471.post-83842457135425539732021-02-20T10:02:00.000-05:002021-02-20T10:02:33.882-05:00The Luxury of Feeling Good (Redux 2021)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhiMyOnobcEBgp-TccTF619xmCgzHcOwjanEfbyLZcDx_ITECg2PlP37jGwXnKqddhjfPBf5gH7nMwhr9HfGf_UowCjD7DfC-308OU8mXYiMpfS4flKSW9nr__iYBOZFNSNuJZoMn9zvk/s1600/Green.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="143" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhiMyOnobcEBgp-TccTF619xmCgzHcOwjanEfbyLZcDx_ITECg2PlP37jGwXnKqddhjfPBf5gH7nMwhr9HfGf_UowCjD7DfC-308OU8mXYiMpfS4flKSW9nr__iYBOZFNSNuJZoMn9zvk/s320/Green.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal"><i>As I recuperate from recent surgery, still too green around the gills to research and write an entirely new blog post, I'm re-upping this post from August 2016. I will never again take the luxury of feeling good for granted.</i></div><div class="MsoNormal"><i><br /></i></div><div class="MsoNormal"><i>I'm also thinking today of <a href="https://www.webmd.com/lung/news/20210219/a-third-of-covid-survivors-have-long-haul-symptoms#1">long-haul COVID survivors</a>, hoping we can find a way to heal them.</i></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">(August 2016) A few weeks ago I took an Amtrak round-trip to New York City. I enjoy riding the train, which gives me four undisturbed hours each way to work. On this particular day, however, I was feeling just a wee bit green, like that time I should have gotten off the sailboat 15 minutes earlier than I did. <o:p></o:p></div>
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I knew I was in trouble when I opened my iPad and tried to read. A little rumbly. A little hazy. A little green. I closed the cover, and my eyes, and thought happy thoughts. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Maybe it was too much sun the day before, or maybe something I ate. Maybe it was simply the human condition. Whatever the case, I was just slightly off my game that day—not too sick to cancel the trip, but not quite well enough to be comfortable and productive.</div>
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There exists in our modern world the presumption--or maybe better--the <i>luxury</i> of feeling good. Some combination of healthy food, enough sleep, exercise, aspirin, and access to real medical care when required have been foundational to my decades in the workforce. Yours too, undoubtedly. I know there are unfortunate people who suffer without relief, but most of my co-workers through the years have been able to function comfortably on a daily basis thanks to the many blessings of modern life, from coffee to cold packs to dentists to Tylenol, that keep us upright and productive.<o:p></o:p></div>
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What makes the luxury of feeling good so special is that we are among the very first generations of humankind to <i>expect</i> each day to be pain-free and generally comfortable.<o:p></o:p><br />
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<u>Expecting to Die on Your First Job</u></div>
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Compare this to someone like Eli Whitney, born in 1765 and among the most famous American serial entrepreneurs of the nineteenth century. Whitney entered Yale with forty-two other freshmen and graduated four years later with only thirty-eight living classmates; if my undergrad class had suffered death at the same rate, we would have lost 133 students of 1,400. </div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">On a break between school terms, Eli himself nearly died of an unspecified disease, what his sister called “Hypo.” A few years later he was struck down with malaria, the effects of which incapacitated him periodically throughout his life. Then, barely recovered, he headed to New Haven, Connecticut, to commence manufacturing and found the town awash in scarlet and yellow fevers so virulent that he could not employ a steady workforce. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Scarlet and yellow fevers, consumption (tuberculosis), typhoid, diphtheria, and rheumatic fevers were common ailments throughout the early American republic. Tuberculosis was the single most deadly disease before the Civil War, but yellow fever (which killed half its victims) and cholera struck with alarming regularity as well. Malaria (called “the ague”) rarely traveled north of the Mason-Dixon Line but caused great hardship in the South, especially (as Whitney’s experience showed) because it rarely killed but almost always revisited its victims throughout their lives. “To have the ague is in some places so common,” claimed an observer in 1832, “that the patient can hardly claim the privilege of sickness.”<o:p></o:p></div>
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Medical science was helpless, and in many cases only added to patients’ misery. Bloodletting, Phrenology (a pseudoscience concerned with measurements of the human skull), Thomsonianism (that assumed the body was made up of earth, air, fire, and water), and all forms of folk remedies visited their destruction upon Americans. Oliver Wendell Holmes the elder observed in 1843, that if the entire material medica could be thrown into the sea, it would be “all the better for mankind, and all the worse for the fishes.” <o:p></o:p></div>
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Entrepreneurs today talk about how fast the world is turning and how hard it is to grow a business. But most of them have a reasonable belief that not only will they be alive tomorrow to go into the office, but that they’ll be feeling pretty good when they do. When Whitney took his first job out of Yale—a coldblooded New Englander headed for a steamy plantation in South Carolina--he wrote his brother to say he fully expected to die--and he was not being dramatic.<o:p></o:p></div>
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I believe that most everyone in nineteenth-century America fell somewhere on the green spectrum on a pretty regular basis, and they either learned how to deal or, if our numbers are right, drank and drugged their way to dull comfort.<o:p></o:p></div>
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How many cumulative years of his sixty was Whitney downed by sickness or sidelined due to lack of healthy employees? Two? Five? It makes his success all the more spectacular. (And his final act of self-administered medical care was itself a wonder—see <i><a href="http://theoccasionalceo.blogspot.com/2013/07/not-for-squeamish-eli-whitneys-greatest.html" target="_blank">Not For the Squeamish</a></i>.)<o:p></o:p><br />
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<u>A Half-Century Urinary Infection</u></div>
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Move the calendar ahead just a bit and we find Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain commanding Union troops at the Second Battle of Petersburg in June 1864. Chamberlain was shot through the right hip and groin, a wound so serious he was given a deathbed promotion and recorded as deceased in Maine newspapers. Easing past the grim reaper, by early 1865 he was back on the battlefield, this time wounded in the chest and arm, a limb barely saved from amputation. In all, “Bloody Chamberlain” had six horses shot out from under him and was wounded six times during the Civil War.<o:p></o:p></div>
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With peace, he served four terms as the Governor of Maine and went on to become president of Bowdoin College. Chamberlain practiced law in New York City. He pursued real estate interests in Florida and railroad interests on the West Coast. At age 70 he volunteered for duty in the Spanish-American War but was rejected. He died at age 85 due to complications from the wound suffered at Petersburg. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Joshua Chamberlain had a full, rich, active, successful career. Nothing seemed to slow him down. But we also know that from the moment of his Petersburg wound in 1864, he was forced to use some kind of primitive catheter and colostomy bag. He underwent six operations to try to correct his wound. He suffered pains, fevers, and infections throughout most of his life. <o:p></o:p></div>
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One of my friends at Gettysburg said, “I think Chamberlain had a urinary tract infection <i>for the last fifty years of his life.</i>”<o:p></o:p></div>
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Have you ever had a urinary tract infection for <i>a day</i>? Did it make you want to run for governor?<o:p></o:p></div>
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And then take the case of fellow-Mainer, merchant Zadoc Long. According to historian Jack Larkin (<i>The Reshaping of Everyday Life</i>), Long suffered all of his adult life from a chronic infection that produced recurring abscesses on his legs and chest and periodic bouts of excruciating pain. Yet, summing up his time on earth, Long concluded that he had enjoyed “generally good health.”<o:p></o:p></div>
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Where today we might begin a friendly letter by writing, “We are all well,” Larkin says that letters in nineteenth-century America often began with the greeting, “We are all as well as common.” It was another way of saying, “Except for a list of painful ailments that include dislocations, poorly-set fractures, chronic infections and inflammations, and a dozen other normal, debilitating afflictions, we are all well.”<o:p></o:p><br />
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<u>Our Greatest Single Advantage</u></div>
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When we think about Whitney, Chamberlain, Long, and thousands of other energetic, successful men and women--and let’s not get started on the miseries of childbirth--who came before us, we forget how different the very act of living was for them. It wasn’t until World War I that Americans, for the first time, could count on dying older than the generation before them. And, <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/10/upshot/a-medical-mystery-of-the-best-kind-major-diseases-are-in-decline.html?_r=0" target="_blank">the <i>New York Times </i>reported recently</a>, it's just been getting better: major diseases like colon cancer, dementia, and heart disease are waning in wealthy countries. "The leading killers--cancer heart disease, stroke--are occurring later in life, and people, in general, are living longer in good health."<o:p></o:p></div>
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This means that the last few generations in America have been blessed with an enormous advantage. It's not just that many of us get up in the morning and “pursue our passion” instead of having to plow the fields or milk the cows. It's not simply that we can get warm in the winter and stay cool and productive in the summer, or that we have clean water to drink and indoor plumbing.<br />
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Perhaps our greatest single advantage over prior generations is the ability to work and live comfortably and pain-free. The luxury of feeling good. Ralph Waldo Emerson, who spoke often to nineteenth-century lyceum audiences about the subject of health, believed that the <i>first wealth</i> was physical well-being, an ability to "whirl with the whirling world." Only Americans with "seething brains, heads full of steam-hammer, pulley, crane, and toothed wheel," Emerson said, could ever hope to accomplish anything of consequence. Personal and national success depended on good health.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Exchange a pulley for an algorithm and we are just as dependent on good health 150 years later. Unlike our ancestors, however, many of us are lucky enough to feel good most of the time. Which puts our own successes in perspective, and provides an even greater appreciation for those that came before us.</div>
Eric B. Schultzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03169391149462048777noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7279240094159602471.post-56739126499073680772020-12-28T16:13:00.002-05:002020-12-29T12:47:28.335-05:00Tweets for Tweets (3): My Favorite Bird Photos H2 2020<p></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7yiklLzdc4ns_uU4UGbk0_KBJpsZAnbbYMcBVBVHcqW1yFM9xfpC5EIwTEB05cgJOBUybiwi9QrgGEZHvxnkd05md2Gx52r83VtQ6TwyE7PcsZBBX3ekGoza1ltwCehOBG_u5VEwrbN0/s2048/IMG_8317edit.JPG" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7yiklLzdc4ns_uU4UGbk0_KBJpsZAnbbYMcBVBVHcqW1yFM9xfpC5EIwTEB05cgJOBUybiwi9QrgGEZHvxnkd05md2Gx52r83VtQ6TwyE7PcsZBBX3ekGoza1ltwCehOBG_u5VEwrbN0/s320/IMG_8317edit.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Harbor Seal off Salisbury Beach, checking me out</span></td></tr></tbody></table>For many of us, the second half of 2020 meant staying as far from microscopic, aerosolized harm as possible. For 50 million Americans, <a href="https://www.audubon.org/news/birding-perfect-activity-while-practicing-social-distancing">birding turned out to be a silver lining</a>, an activity suited for a world where COVID favored crowded indoor venues. I count myself among that lucky 50 million.<div><br /></div><div>Unlike H1 and my excursion to Colombia (see first half-2020 favorites <a href="http://theoccasionalceo.blogspot.com/2020/07/tweets-for-tweets-2-my-favorite-bird.html">here</a> and 2019 favorites <a href="http://theoccasionalceo.blogspot.com/2019/12/tweets-for-tweets-my-favorite-bird.html">here</a>), H2 2020 instead involved exploring some of the birding locations on the North Shore of Boston. Fortunately, these locations are also some of the best birding spots in America. </div><div><p></p><p>Hosting 365(ish) species annually, Plum Island/Parker River National Wildlife Refuge is usually <a href="https://www.newburyportnews.com/news/local_news/plum-island-ranked-americas-third-hottest-birding-spot/article_a3491de3-7bcb-533b-b956-14f71da3fe38.html#:~:text=Plum%20Island%20has%20been%20ranked,on%20an%20online%20birding%20service.&text=NEWBURYPORT%20%E2%80%94%20Birding%20is%20not%20known,birding%20site%20in%20the%20nation.">ranked in the top 5</a> birding <a href="https://247wallst.com/special-report/2018/01/03/best-places-to-bird-watch-in-every-state/12/">locations in America</a>. An <a href="http://ebirdhotspots.com/birding-in-massachusetts/usma-essex-county/usma-plum-island/">11-mile long barrier island</a>, it's a collection of beaches, sand dunes, salt marshes and pannes, freshwater impoundments, and maritime forests. It's bonkers during spring and fall migration, a good spot to see Snowy Owls and Rough-legged Hawks in the winter, and a breeding area for the endangered Piping Plover. </p><p><a href="http://ebirdhotspots.com/birding-in-massachusetts/usma-essex-county/usma-salisbury-beach-state-reservation/">Salisbury Beach State Reservation</a> sits across the mouth of Merrimack River from Plum Island. It's another site ideally suited for birdwatching, though (for me), a preferred cold-weather site after the RVs have disappeared. Great rafts of Eiders and Scoters float around harbor seals. Snow Buntings practice their takeoffs and landings. In irruptive years like 2020, flocks of Crossbills feast in the pines. And, like Plum Island, Salisbury can host Snowy, Saw-whet, Long-eared Owls, and Eagles . . .</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiqTVHKqAQRrhZ1cOb73DGlGoind_aZrOdgWoXD2kE-SxRXa4h-ny3xWyFXdVIKgr-Hs85cCGpO6TxxTK_PDrAH7rfDPS6Vzobnn5mNnrPvPOpG5URctVl_uWmvdy0F8CVjFxbXr_LCcA/s2048/IMG_7454e2.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1466" data-original-width="2048" height="458" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiqTVHKqAQRrhZ1cOb73DGlGoind_aZrOdgWoXD2kE-SxRXa4h-ny3xWyFXdVIKgr-Hs85cCGpO6TxxTK_PDrAH7rfDPS6Vzobnn5mNnrPvPOpG5URctVl_uWmvdy0F8CVjFxbXr_LCcA/w640-h458/IMG_7454e2.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Salisbury is where I saw the Eagle surfing an ice floe from the Atlantic down the Merrimack River in December 2019.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p>My home base for birding is the <a href="https://www.massaudubon.org/get-outdoors/wildlife-sanctuaries/ipswich-river">Ipswich River Wildlife Sanctuary</a>, Mass Audubon's largest sanctuary and part of the Eastern Essex County Interior Forest Important Bird Area. Its magnificent 2,800 acres are also the hub for a collection of sanctuaries that, though I'll spare you <a href="https://www.massaudubon.org/get-outdoors/wildlife-sanctuaries">the details</a>, made getting out during COVID not just possible but pleasurable. (One of these sanctuaries, Rough Meadows, took me back to my business school days and one of business history's greats, Professor Alfred Chandler. I wrote about my visit to that sanctuary <a href="http://theoccasionalceo.blogspot.com/2019/06/in-praise-of-alfred-d-chandler-jr.html">here</a>.)</p><p><span></span></p><a name='more'></a>I'm hoping that by late summer or early fall 2021, Mass Audubon is back in business with its programs and trips, locally, nationally, and maybe even internationally. For now, I'll leave you with a collection of pictures that I took in the last six months, figuratively and sometimes literally in my own backyard.<p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitiKILHYpeMGE6h2Q0vQZ1Bs5jzWnNYFMuIdOCiCSw7wlkr4rglUX-eKAxTIVXRwbHGCZJwOMUIib3ZE40PWzwPOqjagnzVTAs4628BMYpoFIJ_LDcIwd9x_S8IOdaQDUXJX7XODxLv2o/s2048/IMG_0304e.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitiKILHYpeMGE6h2Q0vQZ1Bs5jzWnNYFMuIdOCiCSw7wlkr4rglUX-eKAxTIVXRwbHGCZJwOMUIib3ZE40PWzwPOqjagnzVTAs4628BMYpoFIJ_LDcIwd9x_S8IOdaQDUXJX7XODxLv2o/w640-h480/IMG_0304e.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">A Semipalmated Plover on the rocks on the ocean side of Plum Island. Even when this species congregates, it practices safe social distancing.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcf5TuvX_2kgu2gFmt5roJ0c0q_6BEInP07NgvwIxciuYgRHYTpjSHS-DRS-mpl7p_R70Gsxbe_Zggm4IQCVeLgy2bQCjlSufW55O7w2FNNxloppdWodhdiO_XAP6oJhLTFOTwUtBpudg/s2048/IMG_0517e-002.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcf5TuvX_2kgu2gFmt5roJ0c0q_6BEInP07NgvwIxciuYgRHYTpjSHS-DRS-mpl7p_R70Gsxbe_Zggm4IQCVeLgy2bQCjlSufW55O7w2FNNxloppdWodhdiO_XAP6oJhLTFOTwUtBpudg/w640-h480/IMG_0517e-002.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">An Osprey, taking a rest from fishing.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiVXKj7htxN_1pYeTb8ub4DbTUMedGo31-3zRi6B6SkvPHKXCSvUFM_L6tulvnd2fpdYpoVGnMksLjIAYdADLT3SPvzkTPIIgEHi5bRpm7AwAPa0cq57-vMMYJ32pdAkltaNPMi4fU6v0/s2048/IMG_0770e.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiVXKj7htxN_1pYeTb8ub4DbTUMedGo31-3zRi6B6SkvPHKXCSvUFM_L6tulvnd2fpdYpoVGnMksLjIAYdADLT3SPvzkTPIIgEHi5bRpm7AwAPa0cq57-vMMYJ32pdAkltaNPMi4fU6v0/w640-h480/IMG_0770e.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">A White-winged Scoter on the southern end of Plum Island. Founder of the Nike swoosh.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4e0wuWfmhy3IwPzHd1K9L1oyw7Hio2bkC0kAITxTnHnqm-3EeBWnBm6Q9QfhIbI8C3Y1Es56TwuQSAEDdKHJVbBcH1DTlS5ulVMJepNbC_1QeKdhHsphX06xCe-P72sWgXlWJhNpv2lA/s2048/IMG_1503edit.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4e0wuWfmhy3IwPzHd1K9L1oyw7Hio2bkC0kAITxTnHnqm-3EeBWnBm6Q9QfhIbI8C3Y1Es56TwuQSAEDdKHJVbBcH1DTlS5ulVMJepNbC_1QeKdhHsphX06xCe-P72sWgXlWJhNpv2lA/w640-h480/IMG_1503edit.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Black-crowned Night Heron</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWWJ5qXRrNkrbXzBp6cV74vjNyE-Jstvf7mewZuC4vFRk98K6pUDm0YpPcP-iACjLPbZ97ArLjXHqsCDoecmxWDrnZGBmRFGchelULxIT51-oTKDIeEdJywTyXxA7Sp5oXdhBne5CTFrw/s2048/IMG_1828e3.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1462" data-original-width="2048" height="456" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWWJ5qXRrNkrbXzBp6cV74vjNyE-Jstvf7mewZuC4vFRk98K6pUDm0YpPcP-iACjLPbZ97ArLjXHqsCDoecmxWDrnZGBmRFGchelULxIT51-oTKDIeEdJywTyXxA7Sp5oXdhBne5CTFrw/w640-h456/IMG_1828e3.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Mallards, a species that doesn't get the respect it deserves.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZ29otzW-Pp5k3i-wSInT9bgcNbJTly4GIX-MsHXx127gA94_CMHS5h2TLdSKQftUDkOj3lVCb2WpfgRq6DP2Jb_I7B0zqks01ZF4X7wm9ukQARVI9w6C_2hU3Ts6sUl0jOY52kJxrPgk/s2048/IMG_2289edit.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1464" data-original-width="2048" height="458" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZ29otzW-Pp5k3i-wSInT9bgcNbJTly4GIX-MsHXx127gA94_CMHS5h2TLdSKQftUDkOj3lVCb2WpfgRq6DP2Jb_I7B0zqks01ZF4X7wm9ukQARVI9w6C_2hU3Ts6sUl0jOY52kJxrPgk/w640-h458/IMG_2289edit.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">This picture of a Black-capped Chickadee was taken at the <a href="https://www.lowellcemetery.com/about-us/">Lowell Cemetery</a>, an 84-acre garden/rural cemetery where visitors are kind enough to leave snacks on some of the memorials. (For another post set in the Lowell Cemetery, see <a href="http://theoccasionalceo.blogspot.com/2020/05/i-see-dead-entrepreneurs-dr-augustin.html">here </a>for Augustin Thompson, the inventor of Moxie.)</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj26XwIA5kvFLjPPOlAcD2BemThBf6td-7ibd7BfFESD3iDYxAKeYsklYA8pOmXBd19yJ1Oe2smzMJXdWnI-4Zex4izGyuIC7AK_w0p_nRpoyvyms8dOAlzsVJ4TF8ayUg24K17kxYa8wc/s2048/IMG_2720edit.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj26XwIA5kvFLjPPOlAcD2BemThBf6td-7ibd7BfFESD3iDYxAKeYsklYA8pOmXBd19yJ1Oe2smzMJXdWnI-4Zex4izGyuIC7AK_w0p_nRpoyvyms8dOAlzsVJ4TF8ayUg24K17kxYa8wc/w640-h480/IMG_2720edit.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Cedar Waxwing</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigGLpjWPF7WpTw0MyPiC5CuXXwJhyfoCKMut7Crv8BvsXVw3-kqRZzPBHuhwe8ZvbjA0V9Kisr8lW6X8JDfPl7ANq1hxirNFqZTNtT54P_iL58ON1LnOShx9u6xsQGXUUwdcInBOvgfYY/s4608/IMG_3556.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigGLpjWPF7WpTw0MyPiC5CuXXwJhyfoCKMut7Crv8BvsXVw3-kqRZzPBHuhwe8ZvbjA0V9Kisr8lW6X8JDfPl7ANq1hxirNFqZTNtT54P_iL58ON1LnOShx9u6xsQGXUUwdcInBOvgfYY/w640-h480/IMG_3556.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Another female Mallard--eating, I think, in a falls of the Concord River. I offer the picture after this one as proof that no animals were harmed in the writing of this post.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikNFVP4hiYDkDr-JbliOJwjbMtHiPqje759N6ONtwjitWscfMrXDCL7yTvtnYhblVYJGGORjlXCpixUzN4_aAtPef3qKyijF56MjFse0h6QJ8BdaQbWRbyxH35835jqHGuj_LLXfvksBs/s4608/IMG_3557.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikNFVP4hiYDkDr-JbliOJwjbMtHiPqje759N6ONtwjitWscfMrXDCL7yTvtnYhblVYJGGORjlXCpixUzN4_aAtPef3qKyijF56MjFse0h6QJ8BdaQbWRbyxH35835jqHGuj_LLXfvksBs/w640-h480/IMG_3557.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzqGD6j0Cm16XEw94k-bjJI5muLGPpLfldN2osEvZ1seHdRoguWOFoTF2KxoDzJy7fwzOflf_6n2Z-aZxW5omX3B-Ywnz7v3RXv5p6NeqUEXNlVcRpkBN6NAiq9M1amMDsPDSmPV0UHHM/s2048/IMG_3772edit.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzqGD6j0Cm16XEw94k-bjJI5muLGPpLfldN2osEvZ1seHdRoguWOFoTF2KxoDzJy7fwzOflf_6n2Z-aZxW5omX3B-Ywnz7v3RXv5p6NeqUEXNlVcRpkBN6NAiq9M1amMDsPDSmPV0UHHM/w640-h480/IMG_3772edit.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">A White-throated Sparrow, posing at our local Christmas tree farm. I have found that there is nothing more alive than a Christmas tree farm on Thanksgiving, and nothing deader than a Christmas tree farm on Christmas.<br /><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-3dH5CfEU6D77wSr1vULA7FKS1nobwmncG9x4hmPtZH2GnwKRKJq8iVfCGHlYIZoW7e_0VFX6vVugQgUqH8ZrK5yPrqznNTKZAH3yYwy8aQDRIRx8mOvUy9ZB2uPoKkp1EH7LgRjLxUA/s4608/IMG_8699.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-3dH5CfEU6D77wSr1vULA7FKS1nobwmncG9x4hmPtZH2GnwKRKJq8iVfCGHlYIZoW7e_0VFX6vVugQgUqH8ZrK5yPrqznNTKZAH3yYwy8aQDRIRx8mOvUy9ZB2uPoKkp1EH7LgRjLxUA/w640-h480/IMG_8699.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjz57tHV7fEmbslAYso6xOoKQRuNvXj3mDFgtry0CLsGrxo6TRZVhTCK3PJk62imlYRuN-QTxz2ZEYQl1R_JIrcRBiyTv92CdHRkp9ILWPGY9F8-jIzx9gyq6qN8BI84HX_G5kC2_Ro3EY/w640-h480/IMG_3863.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="640" /></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">A Common Grackle. Kind of a bully and slob at the feeder, but, like most of us, seen in the proper light, not so bad after all.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjz57tHV7fEmbslAYso6xOoKQRuNvXj3mDFgtry0CLsGrxo6TRZVhTCK3PJk62imlYRuN-QTxz2ZEYQl1R_JIrcRBiyTv92CdHRkp9ILWPGY9F8-jIzx9gyq6qN8BI84HX_G5kC2_Ro3EY/s4608/IMG_3863.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"></span></a></div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpUPFG72UAIwDN-Ui7fCVl4HmvecJkEgYa9uo9J05o8gP-hAMLwU3OdPshF9gKfVeHaSpCvxDP8QIjlpdD88wONF4nrZSKBo1P_YZMoDPjnlpiO1Y8baPsjfB-ptp_HCtE13uEzytW3mM/s2048/IMG_4368edit.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpUPFG72UAIwDN-Ui7fCVl4HmvecJkEgYa9uo9J05o8gP-hAMLwU3OdPshF9gKfVeHaSpCvxDP8QIjlpdD88wONF4nrZSKBo1P_YZMoDPjnlpiO1Y8baPsjfB-ptp_HCtE13uEzytW3mM/w640-h480/IMG_4368edit.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">A Rusty Blackbird, daring me to take its picture.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggBvan_4gfXJtxX4_TYyKDAnrwNog9LsQEBbQr1f8lGo0oEXSjKupjCvcPFrdEhQqWrqSUcJ1Fhm0emivjilSYU6wkRm_c29UqQfryB8YQ1soX295wYF_y4TcuP6I2Y0vAGEmglVxeV8s/s2048/IMG_4549edit.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1465" data-original-width="2048" height="458" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggBvan_4gfXJtxX4_TYyKDAnrwNog9LsQEBbQr1f8lGo0oEXSjKupjCvcPFrdEhQqWrqSUcJ1Fhm0emivjilSYU6wkRm_c29UqQfryB8YQ1soX295wYF_y4TcuP6I2Y0vAGEmglVxeV8s/w640-h458/IMG_4549edit.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Canada Geese. You know em. Your love em. Right?!</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwcNYUzrpRo7GMMp1gMtNuU2cPE4wmZjskfRxVdZ3PguHxC-eNH9dImp1ObOzUf6yDxA7hx4Vag4Z6d6iHHPW7dHo0-eUhOFsxb6AzvLl3Lq8FTGRZWt87-WuJW012EfXX0ASmwPfCgbI/s2048/IMG_4661edit.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwcNYUzrpRo7GMMp1gMtNuU2cPE4wmZjskfRxVdZ3PguHxC-eNH9dImp1ObOzUf6yDxA7hx4Vag4Z6d6iHHPW7dHo0-eUhOFsxb6AzvLl3Lq8FTGRZWt87-WuJW012EfXX0ASmwPfCgbI/w640-h480/IMG_4661edit.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Dark-eyed Junco. When these little sparrows appear at your feeders, it's time to ready the snow shovel.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFgfsciGvnOF0y8K6yzxtQdrxLNXqK9Ho5YVxpUWsjm0Vmb8blUZLRRDlX2YtZCv_d6vI2A7-p4paoUrpOch1E4Z0TQmn1JN_F72ILeeO3cBplXs8oKAu8IQBavr7VuDsvHovVKLO0W-o/s2048/IMG_9593e-001.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFgfsciGvnOF0y8K6yzxtQdrxLNXqK9Ho5YVxpUWsjm0Vmb8blUZLRRDlX2YtZCv_d6vI2A7-p4paoUrpOch1E4Z0TQmn1JN_F72ILeeO3cBplXs8oKAu8IQBavr7VuDsvHovVKLO0W-o/w640-h480/IMG_9593e-001.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Bobolinks, decorating the fields on Plum Island in late summer.<br /><br /></span></td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeGVakd_-Rvv846dS6Cu1ECkvgq_YFAIuZlPF3EhjI6g3FysBuD-KfS06QpVq5zEwDzurQMbiSBr9CS-qopQeTb6Q2YcGE7rZICOJaZzdpw1BL0avJtlidNYsi4ebVCp5nQD0Cfi8tyQM/s2048/IMG_4700edit+3.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeGVakd_-Rvv846dS6Cu1ECkvgq_YFAIuZlPF3EhjI6g3FysBuD-KfS06QpVq5zEwDzurQMbiSBr9CS-qopQeTb6Q2YcGE7rZICOJaZzdpw1BL0avJtlidNYsi4ebVCp5nQD0Cfi8tyQM/w640-h480/IMG_4700edit+3.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">A Northern Cardinal in the swamp behind the Christmas tree farm. This species tends to pair-up and will visit the feeder all winter.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirVddvRmRiz7kL27sviHApdkiymoE7LFnr7dPxiZdRg9ObVqVaUbNWR1sJG8ra9ApbW7BDXETCZOe__ojY6qg4Fx7HwC3tZOulOH4A4yHcLeCUTTdJBYVFNQ56yeKWTXYPf44FheaAhUg/s2048/IMG_4755edit.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirVddvRmRiz7kL27sviHApdkiymoE7LFnr7dPxiZdRg9ObVqVaUbNWR1sJG8ra9ApbW7BDXETCZOe__ojY6qg4Fx7HwC3tZOulOH4A4yHcLeCUTTdJBYVFNQ56yeKWTXYPf44FheaAhUg/w640-h480/IMG_4755edit.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Eastern Bluebirds. You know that friend who loves to have his picture taken and will stop and pose whenever there's a camera around? That friend.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4sRZX-GyFIzoAA2tMTCLsROLjAMI_0J4i444F-3ev6a4X_7lSF8hBYkmLRl_Xc0BaORGc8DnfCULmLK4-GSWjYgZdyLloT0R5X3GP_SoEIqMWdPwBkjQwYbAvxz4tRRDEGdBLr5TTGMQ/s2048/IMG_5156edit.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1463" data-original-width="2048" height="458" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4sRZX-GyFIzoAA2tMTCLsROLjAMI_0J4i444F-3ev6a4X_7lSF8hBYkmLRl_Xc0BaORGc8DnfCULmLK4-GSWjYgZdyLloT0R5X3GP_SoEIqMWdPwBkjQwYbAvxz4tRRDEGdBLr5TTGMQ/w640-h458/IMG_5156edit.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">At the other extreme, it took me a long time to get close enough to this Wood Duck to get its picture, and even then he was a hundred yards away. Next year.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7372LpaMCOzBvBA8W36fdi6XBfARIlJG7hTF071yqxWBgdjUpJxmBTcn-MKbsYdmiebBci5d8V3aYghom9WgLJV-UrR3vS_L15p09dm3hyphenhyphenO684i__CGybiVm2o_xLsQgW07UheYxuSXQ/s2048/IMG_5776edit2.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7372LpaMCOzBvBA8W36fdi6XBfARIlJG7hTF071yqxWBgdjUpJxmBTcn-MKbsYdmiebBci5d8V3aYghom9WgLJV-UrR3vS_L15p09dm3hyphenhyphenO684i__CGybiVm2o_xLsQgW07UheYxuSXQ/w640-h480/IMG_5776edit2.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Did I mention Eastern Bluebirds to you? These guys were so agreeable that they made it onto our holiday cards.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeQSF2Qy0ND980NMKI3GH-WDIpelK3QPKb43VY_R5IoWfBQ_CtR64cNAEE6RXvOZcmxD2BULPldkD9b8e4V9_dYBFprMb-eq9Fopm2J9f8VX0nmfYbCWSu5G4nljUr8OUGk2WH2GbTeCY/s2048/IMG_0775edit.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1470" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeQSF2Qy0ND980NMKI3GH-WDIpelK3QPKb43VY_R5IoWfBQ_CtR64cNAEE6RXvOZcmxD2BULPldkD9b8e4V9_dYBFprMb-eq9Fopm2J9f8VX0nmfYbCWSu5G4nljUr8OUGk2WH2GbTeCY/w460-h640/IMG_0775edit.jpg" width="460" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwKod2wJKNO8rMzw65CgfkgPUKAaWlTv_QQBbxybaF7CU3xzCWYt3NsbK5aelFaSpgm1KFSAq1LyWLfRYvvRrr-8E6VEi97dB95yYwOe_DtN3YpECbKE0tE3cQKdD-LhYKS0rsF9ksdAU/s2048/IMG_5915edit-002.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1463" data-original-width="2048" height="458" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwKod2wJKNO8rMzw65CgfkgPUKAaWlTv_QQBbxybaF7CU3xzCWYt3NsbK5aelFaSpgm1KFSAq1LyWLfRYvvRrr-8E6VEi97dB95yYwOe_DtN3YpECbKE0tE3cQKdD-LhYKS0rsF9ksdAU/w640-h458/IMG_5915edit-002.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">It's been an irruptive year for Pine Siskin, who have joined their Goldfinch brethren at our birdfeeders. Above, a feeding frenzy. Below, two Pine Siskin digesting between meals on the tree outside my study window.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div></div><div><div style="text-align: right;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFz5naRDN_80jMJHAr6YltdPuqzW7VJo4zV9K3DM-kdBFsRPhCMUTS8sE1tsQ_dvJ86ehdBVgM7H8Bax6ov_WtbnZwok85FDYJU6QnEdHuOHTjFOiKGm7bJD_5ipQ0Acw3a59DQv8Wqe0/s4608/IMG_6311.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFz5naRDN_80jMJHAr6YltdPuqzW7VJo4zV9K3DM-kdBFsRPhCMUTS8sE1tsQ_dvJ86ehdBVgM7H8Bax6ov_WtbnZwok85FDYJU6QnEdHuOHTjFOiKGm7bJD_5ipQ0Acw3a59DQv8Wqe0/w640-h480/IMG_6311.JPG" width="640" /></a></div></div><div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbTcO6nGov9QJtwSHxOE8sRT32wY7Skj_BcgOv2N8RrVJy7rSxjtJmsRvuGQ0Huv9q3IufHbEZh0QCygw8jUTlLwcD2szEfzNtwkcwTU4-7UAH5xtiVzJlwJP2qgJzdiYLmvUcaG_135A/s2048/IMG_5927edit2.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbTcO6nGov9QJtwSHxOE8sRT32wY7Skj_BcgOv2N8RrVJy7rSxjtJmsRvuGQ0Huv9q3IufHbEZh0QCygw8jUTlLwcD2szEfzNtwkcwTU4-7UAH5xtiVzJlwJP2qgJzdiYLmvUcaG_135A/w640-h480/IMG_5927edit2.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">A House Finch posing at the Christmas tree farm.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjktVhUnts35C6FyXiyEJxoUVg-hiYpSlmNsqQbDWw4L3jgtg8tCuBRcPmGRZWb48qXSv1-vQuXaz47OfYcnNCttgdKxGl7mLCR-5SbnGCdqIu38jsSU9-Aiq1tsL5B7l393oMv-O_vAk0/s2048/IMG_6794edit.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjktVhUnts35C6FyXiyEJxoUVg-hiYpSlmNsqQbDWw4L3jgtg8tCuBRcPmGRZWb48qXSv1-vQuXaz47OfYcnNCttgdKxGl7mLCR-5SbnGCdqIu38jsSU9-Aiq1tsL5B7l393oMv-O_vAk0/w640-h480/IMG_6794edit.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">There's a Red-tailed Hawk at the Ipswich Audubon that prefers this spot for resting and scouting its next meal.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0pVqR_PLr9t9vvHzcolVXLwQfzgWjBR094FMU6ygTnp7JmdFlOXytGE9nZFuoBfPv_phqHTK4biTAax_K3CxzgqbXg8o6bM9_f10npVrKH8JeXggNJ36SwbkyYPmSuDoZjer8IByUNoU/s2048/IMG_7018edit.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1466" data-original-width="2048" height="458" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0pVqR_PLr9t9vvHzcolVXLwQfzgWjBR094FMU6ygTnp7JmdFlOXytGE9nZFuoBfPv_phqHTK4biTAax_K3CxzgqbXg8o6bM9_f10npVrKH8JeXggNJ36SwbkyYPmSuDoZjer8IByUNoU/w640-h458/IMG_7018edit.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">I caught this House Finch dining upside down in the Lowell Cemetery . . .</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhG-IHNe8gasoFTF5oDVt5lDEf4Os4kpl9v2X4W8aAdTMaTypK6dZLzzWVje8ktY37nNMPAuj_1p6_bFI7b-fZkP9GOyn4EyCg6kTPHXet1Npu6q_H6BaT88tgVJu4fzaN5wWa4KyW4hJM/s2048/IMG_7117edit.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhG-IHNe8gasoFTF5oDVt5lDEf4Os4kpl9v2X4W8aAdTMaTypK6dZLzzWVje8ktY37nNMPAuj_1p6_bFI7b-fZkP9GOyn4EyCg6kTPHXet1Npu6q_H6BaT88tgVJu4fzaN5wWa4KyW4hJM/w640-h480/IMG_7117edit.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">. . . and not so far away, this Hermit Thrush, singing its heart out.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh322ZFuBuy_6SgznzB0ycaQTTtZdd_ayolcpQLEBws8TQ2C5TTmIpp6iWLMCS8DiTwHOVkXvzJXTfFKuV9PPCsbQ1FPvG5_JXobwawwDnx6YkHtfjtDqo260B26JR-mq9TcSdQjWlFhjg/s2048/IMG_7751edit.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh322ZFuBuy_6SgznzB0ycaQTTtZdd_ayolcpQLEBws8TQ2C5TTmIpp6iWLMCS8DiTwHOVkXvzJXTfFKuV9PPCsbQ1FPvG5_JXobwawwDnx6YkHtfjtDqo260B26JR-mq9TcSdQjWlFhjg/w640-h480/IMG_7751edit.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">A Northern Flicker, visiting the woods behind our home.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVXvk1HwEu3RLEvhYSheesSL2DXIg-PnwZfBOu3WjlGAadNiBdRZo-INTMqrOe1PtWkBqFK4lygVh3wUQ_-L4-x-fw7uwS9i7KMRAJ8QN6qpDW9BuMpKoNSc5XCpdpkINF8uNAIDwFY_w/s4608/IMG_8002.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVXvk1HwEu3RLEvhYSheesSL2DXIg-PnwZfBOu3WjlGAadNiBdRZo-INTMqrOe1PtWkBqFK4lygVh3wUQ_-L4-x-fw7uwS9i7KMRAJ8QN6qpDW9BuMpKoNSc5XCpdpkINF8uNAIDwFY_w/w640-h480/IMG_8002.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">A raft of (mostly) Eider at the mouth of the Merrimack River, the sun rising over the Atlantic.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHL2JYa8KRO-3eQwv-jEn4GiBLycuEX-KrkJ-VIrIZrs8YR5oMfWqblSAk8W7ZVlq1zsiFSAphLSaH8TudIlM8KVGM4O3H5YA3BJi9VIEf1BTyL3LJ0B9OqojJxGSfXK9AJ_qR1XSBds8/s2048/IMG_8440edit.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHL2JYa8KRO-3eQwv-jEn4GiBLycuEX-KrkJ-VIrIZrs8YR5oMfWqblSAk8W7ZVlq1zsiFSAphLSaH8TudIlM8KVGM4O3H5YA3BJi9VIEf1BTyL3LJ0B9OqojJxGSfXK9AJ_qR1XSBds8/w640-h480/IMG_8440edit.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">This little Carolina Wren and companion live outside my window, erupting into song on a regular basis.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYU4GRglp-Vo0h6vPe0-u7oRl3AN40bKTcJ_rF7-10l6bwmfyXljrpzADuDEyFIcZBg7FbwnZNINyri4WJQbTm6YmAiZHHzs2v89b3hWXYGvkIsH2mrwHdsTi7LwiQkW4ZuTr4-1zB6HQ/s2048/IMG_8485edit.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1466" data-original-width="2048" height="458" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYU4GRglp-Vo0h6vPe0-u7oRl3AN40bKTcJ_rF7-10l6bwmfyXljrpzADuDEyFIcZBg7FbwnZNINyri4WJQbTm6YmAiZHHzs2v89b3hWXYGvkIsH2mrwHdsTi7LwiQkW4ZuTr4-1zB6HQ/w640-h458/IMG_8485edit.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Snow Buntings, resting (ever so) momentarily on a picnic table at Salisbury Beach State Park.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHBNejP9_uABrCQNAnnRPdOYtnCqYStrFg0_rR1_JSxbedbkvfIhGBFye-lA-92ENrog_20WKJjx3HySPppsj1CrBUYWImwGU0kXPAIwe9gvkDyofjAhiMY_UTXu-6kzruPJdOupmEf2A/s2048/IMG_8885edit.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHBNejP9_uABrCQNAnnRPdOYtnCqYStrFg0_rR1_JSxbedbkvfIhGBFye-lA-92ENrog_20WKJjx3HySPppsj1CrBUYWImwGU0kXPAIwe9gvkDyofjAhiMY_UTXu-6kzruPJdOupmEf2A/w640-h480/IMG_8885edit.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Did I mention how much Eastern Bluebirds like to pose? This one is resting on the top of our birdfeeder.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzSsYjileF_6iNPfvC2dO8KFW6j1m_GGEVUSsQ3p2QlU4rBI4e8uUMBMaXqpVjf8oVG5YyFX2CIYlwffBoySGSBNrI7rBmpwGtoqWKOom6pjHvjFf2OxiMVuRbmJLbotSIeq-4a9ck4h0/s2048/IMG_9329edit.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzSsYjileF_6iNPfvC2dO8KFW6j1m_GGEVUSsQ3p2QlU4rBI4e8uUMBMaXqpVjf8oVG5YyFX2CIYlwffBoySGSBNrI7rBmpwGtoqWKOom6pjHvjFf2OxiMVuRbmJLbotSIeq-4a9ck4h0/w640-h480/IMG_9329edit.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Two Red Crossbills, sunning in the pines at Salisbury. You can see clearly the crossbill on the right, an adaptation that allows them to dig the pine nuts from between the sheaves of a pine cone. </span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNx0GF0negTj1y_Suxc6kJTdTFTc5r7RbBtu9_45z4ERomsw8BloHVGvAKA7V1VVU_lUsa-WdGUt6eFKFQLgtnICV0xW-ZA4LN_LhytqKpmqk4DFe5lDPG9Lv_CxvVK0_J8-swP24P4Lk/s2048/IMG_9610edit.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1464" data-original-width="2048" height="458" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNx0GF0negTj1y_Suxc6kJTdTFTc5r7RbBtu9_45z4ERomsw8BloHVGvAKA7V1VVU_lUsa-WdGUt6eFKFQLgtnICV0xW-ZA4LN_LhytqKpmqk4DFe5lDPG9Lv_CxvVK0_J8-swP24P4Lk/w640-h458/IMG_9610edit.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Nearby, a pair of White-winged Crossbills.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhx4FI-DW7nZOR7hMSwwKLGqpIjI1rssFMq9jJsle4L3AhBcjjE0Db_F7DarL7UMr0nCTLVHJt6kxfv6l92JU6eJADRvZJ_URmkuzCEmPFmN8td6eRqHI_hTa8BVCYUp2movtzitfa8eBs/s2048/IMG_9624e.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1467" data-original-width="2048" height="458" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhx4FI-DW7nZOR7hMSwwKLGqpIjI1rssFMq9jJsle4L3AhBcjjE0Db_F7DarL7UMr0nCTLVHJt6kxfv6l92JU6eJADRvZJ_URmkuzCEmPFmN8td6eRqHI_hTa8BVCYUp2movtzitfa8eBs/w640-h458/IMG_9624e.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">And in a final salute to 2020, a Red-tailed Hawk.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br />May 2021 bring you a happy, healthy, and sane New Year. I'd like to tell you the birds will be well in 2021, too, but the current administration <a href="https://www.audubon.org/news/administration-moves-finalize-bird-killer-policy">is intent on doing as much damage as possible</a> on the way out the door. The decade is off to a rough start, but they don't call them the Roaring 20s for nothing. Stay tuned -- better times are right around the corner.<br /><p><br /></p></div>Eric B. Schultzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03169391149462048777noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7279240094159602471.post-8782746429054140092020-12-07T08:12:00.000-05:002020-12-07T08:12:42.562-05:00A Kinder, Gentler Holiday: Innovating Christmas in America<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQUssffBQ7Y0eiDYsiFQhIRfggyjFEvLrkA6QBRw9g-iR3nG68yslT3nQMaVTRDkYBBs6TRHf1kY7_kd5KF_BswDxvb090MBriynIopemBzK27OhxqIGHgNx01d0cF2y0LyXwNyBSe7bo/s1600/MerryOldSanta.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="630" data-original-width="456" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQUssffBQ7Y0eiDYsiFQhIRfggyjFEvLrkA6QBRw9g-iR3nG68yslT3nQMaVTRDkYBBs6TRHf1kY7_kd5KF_BswDxvb090MBriynIopemBzK27OhxqIGHgNx01d0cF2y0LyXwNyBSe7bo/s320/MerryOldSanta.jpg" width="231" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Thomas Nast's famous "Merry Old Santa<br />
Claus" from the January 1, 1881 edition<br />
of <i>Harper's Weekly</i> </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<i style="font-size: 12pt;">Reupping the story of John Pintard and his innovation of the Christmas season, a deleted chapter from the final draft of "<a href="https://www.amazon.com/Innovation-Tap-Entrepreneurship-Broadways-Hamilton/dp/1626346631" target="_blank">Innovation on Tap</a>." Pintard engaged in social engineering, a type of innovation that almost always fails, almost. . .</i><br />
<i style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></i><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Between 1790 and
1840, the combined population of New York City, Philadelphia, and Boston grew
from 94,000 to 626,000 residents.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>An antiquated colonial watch system, overwhelmed by disorder and crime, gradually
gave way in the 1830s to the first police forces, themselves overwhelmed by corruption and incompetence.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Politics,
religion, immigration, and race were all divisive issues.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A sudden financial panic could swell the
numbers of unemployed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Urban poverty and
vagrancy grew.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The threat of violence hung
in the air.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mob activity was seen by
many as a valid way to deliver justice when the law hesitated or failed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt; vertical-align: middle;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“A
man ought to fear God, and mind his business,” congressman Reuben Davis wrote,
summing up one version of the American credo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“He should be respectful and courteous to all women; he should love his
friends and hate his enemies.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He should
eat when he was hungry, drink when he was thirsty, dance when he was merry,
vote for the candidate he liked best, and <i>knock down any man who questioned
his right to these privileges</i>.<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Articles%20Derived%20from%20IoT/Pintard%20rewrite%20for%20blog.docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[1]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="background-color: yellow;">Violence, Davis believed, was simply part of how
an American protected his freedoms.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt; vertical-align: middle;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Likewise,
when Frenchman Michel Chevalier toured the country in 1839, he noted that
citizens gathered in the morning to share the news of hangings and
floggings—“and then go on to the price of cotton and coffee.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There was little difference North or South,
East or West.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“A riot which in France
would put a stop to business,” he wrote, “prevents no one here from going to
the Exchange, speculating, turning over a dollar and making money.”<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Articles%20Derived%20from%20IoT/Pintard%20rewrite%20for%20blog.docx#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[2]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt; vertical-align: middle;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">For
wealthy New Yorkers such as John Pintard (1759-1844) and his friends, escape from these
terrifying moments of “mobocracy” meant heading north, away from the old,
congested Dutch settlement at the southern tip of Manhattan to the pastoral
areas of what is now the city’s grid of numbered streets.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Even this exodus proved inadequate in the
face of ceaseless population growth. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt; vertical-align: middle;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In
the years following the Revolution, a kinder, gentler city seemed out of reach.
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt; vertical-align: middle;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><u></u></span></span></div>
<a name='more'></a><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><u>From Merchant Prince to Debtors' Prison</u></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Born in 1759,
John Pintard was orphaned shortly after birth and adopted by his
uncle, Lewis Pintard, the colonies’ chief importer of Madeira wine and one of
the so-called “merchant princes” of colonial New York City.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At age 10, John was sent to private school on
Long Island and, a gifted scholar, entered Princeton’s class of 1776 at age
13.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When New York City was invaded by
British regulars in 1776, Pintard joined a company commanded by his professor
of Mathematics, and later joined his uncle as Assistant Agent for American
Prisoners in New York City. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was while
performing this service that John first met Washington, Jefferson, Hamilton,
and others who would become friends and supporters throughout his career.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt; vertical-align: middle;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">With
the war over, John married 19-year-old Eliza Brasher (1765–1838), considered
“among the greatest beauties of New York,”<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Articles%20Derived%20from%20IoT/Pintard%20rewrite%20for%20blog.docx#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[3]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></a><sup><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></sup>and whose family bound Pintard even
more tightly to the Revolutionary elite.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Inheriting a legacy from his maternal grandfather, John entered the East
India trade from an office on Wall Street.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>By age 27 he owned several ships and was elected Alderman and then New
York State Legislator.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He joined his
friend, the future Mayor and Governor, DeWitt Clinton, in the Society of St.
Tammany (or Tammany Hall, the emerging Democrat political machine).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt; vertical-align: middle;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pintard
dined with President and Mrs. Washington at their home at No. 1 Cherry Street
in the period when New York City was the nation’s capital.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There he encouraged the Washingtons to make
and receive calls among their friends on New Year’s Day, an old Dutch custom,
and one which the first couple enthusiastically embraced.<sup> <a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Articles%20Derived%20from%20IoT/Pintard%20rewrite%20for%20blog.docx#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[4]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></a></sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiEx88Al3i5LYloWfWkFm5vCNyVWTWTvETupCFdTtvqhKLmf9S9MIK4wHITognorhHuTLx-kKBfo7GkaB0OlF_K3HkNRStetMcpYpSVB3X8m__z16f9lAJaYMh_mKZvIGrsrrmqCnkhe8/s1600/John_and_Elizabeth_Pintard%252C_by_John_Ramage.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="344" data-original-width="544" height="202" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiEx88Al3i5LYloWfWkFm5vCNyVWTWTvETupCFdTtvqhKLmf9S9MIK4wHITognorhHuTLx-kKBfo7GkaB0OlF_K3HkNRStetMcpYpSVB3X8m__z16f9lAJaYMh_mKZvIGrsrrmqCnkhe8/s320/John_and_Elizabeth_Pintard%252C_by_John_Ramage.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Elizabeth (Eliza) and John Pintard<br />
(John Ramage, New-York Historical Society)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt; vertical-align: middle;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">John
Pintard was described as animated, cheerful, and energetic.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was well versed in the classics, law,
history, and geography, a successful businessman, an avid collector
of historical artifacts, and an intellectual.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He was also a supporter and more often an instigator of important social
causes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt; vertical-align: middle;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In
May 1787, for example, he was appointed secretary of the Mutual Assurance
Company for Insuring Houses from Loss by Fire.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>An enthusiast of infrastructure projects that enhanced national
commerce, Pintard was named by New Jersey as one of five commissioners to erect
bridges over the Hackensack and Passaic Rivers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>By 1789 he had established a manufacturing business on Vesey Street in
Manhattan to provide spinning and weaving work for the poor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He secured capital for the project from any
number of friends in his now illustrious network, including John Alsop (a
delegate to the Continental Convention), Samuel Bard (who founded the first
medical school in New York), John Cruger (the mayor of New York City),
Alexander Hamilton, Nicholas Fish (Revolutionary War veteran and father of a
future New York governor), Baron von Steuben (Washington’s chief of staff and
“father of the Continental Army”), John Jay (first Chief Justice of the United
States), John and Isaac Roosevelt, and Peter Stuyvesant.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This list of donors was a virtual “Who’s Who”
of the early republic.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt; vertical-align: middle;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">John
Pintard lived an exemplary life, which makes his lapse of judgment in 1791
difficult to understand.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In December,
the former assistant secretary of the treasury, W<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">illiam Duer</span> (1743–1799), convinced Pintard and several other
close associates to make massive purchases of government bonds and bank stocks,
organizing a company that offered worthless deeds in the Northwest Territory
(Ohio) and sold shares in a new “Million Bank.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt; vertical-align: middle;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">By
January 1792, a frenzy in bank stocks had encouraged the formation of two
competitive banks.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By March, bank stock
prices were falling and Duer began selling; on March 10 he suspended payment on
all his debts, which totaled some $750,000.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Duer’s house of cards, in which Pintard had taken up residence, collapsed,
triggering the Panic of 1792.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dozens of
merchants were ruined and everyone from shopkeepers to widows saw their life
savings destroyed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Duer himself was
chased through the streets of Manhattan by an angry mob until he reached the
safety of debtors’ prison.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt; vertical-align: middle;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="background-color: yellow;">Pintard
had recklessly endorsed notes for nearly a million dollars on Duer’s behalf.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the ensuing panic he, too, lost
everything, including warehouses, ships, and his home.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Relocating to Newark, he was collared by creditors
and forced into debtors’ prison for thirteen months.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pintard made the most of a miserable
situation by redecorating his cell, installing two mahogany writing desks,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and studying law.<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Articles%20Derived%20from%20IoT/Pintard%20rewrite%20for%20blog.docx#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[5]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was finally released when his friends in
Congress passed the Bankruptcy Act of 1800.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt; vertical-align: middle;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">John
Pintard never achieved his former level of commercial success or recaptured his
old wealth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Instead, he rose from the
ashes of debtors’ prison with a renewed focus on a variety of social entrepreneurial
initiatives.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One innovation would leave
a lasting cultural legacy, but for that, he would need help.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaG6qkcmlYb7C_Yih_7fcBULKJIrp_0S4Bn6zPpQYfb8pxbUm_mzB3hbRHnbpyJgTqj_SvX0coivfT-lvKdJgy4z-XMhfrpyCdeL5v5JMHvFhApHw4aBfxsqt1w668vJt11gqI0IiNR7E/s1600/Chelsea_mansion_house_crop.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="378" data-original-width="425" height="284" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaG6qkcmlYb7C_Yih_7fcBULKJIrp_0S4Bn6zPpQYfb8pxbUm_mzB3hbRHnbpyJgTqj_SvX0coivfT-lvKdJgy4z-XMhfrpyCdeL5v5JMHvFhApHw4aBfxsqt1w668vJt11gqI0IiNR7E/s320/Chelsea_mansion_house_crop.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Drawing of Clement Clarke Moore's "Old Chelsea Mansion<br />
House" from <i>Moore's St. Nicholas</i>, the first color-illustrated<br />
version of the poem, with illumination by Mary C. Ogden,<br />
the poet's daughter, as a gift to her husband in 1855<br />
(<a href="http://www.nightbeforechristmas.biz/moore.htm">http://www.nightbeforechristmas.biz/moore.htm</a>)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt; vertical-align: middle;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><u>Enter Clement Clarke Moore</u></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt; vertical-align: middle;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In
the first decade of the nineteenth century, New York City was growing at a clip
of seven hundred new structures annually.<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Articles%20Derived%20from%20IoT/Pintard%20rewrite%20for%20blog.docx#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[6]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Development plans provided for an expanded
street grid that by 1811 envisioned something described as “Ninth Avenue”
cutting through the middle of the ancient and enormous estate called
Chelsea.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The owner of the estate was
Clement Clarke Moore (1779–1863), a graduate of Columbia with a fondness for
biblical studies and ancient languages.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Moore was ultraconservative and fantastically rich.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Chelsea alone was valued at $500,000, its
footprint bounded by today’s Eighth and Tenth Avenues, and Nineteenth to
Twenty-fourth Street.<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Articles%20Derived%20from%20IoT/Pintard%20rewrite%20for%20blog.docx#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[7]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The estate was a pastoral hideaway and
Moore’s protection from the disorder and grime of working-class Manhattan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Despite his
wealth and standing, however, Moore was no match for a city overflowing its
banks.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A combination of eminent domain
and army of saws, picks, and shovels carved Ninth Avenue through Moore’s
beloved estate.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By 1821, Chelsea had
become a neighborhood of Manhattan, with Moore’s home, once surrounded by
meadows and orchards, now “near the corner of Ninth Avenue and Twenty-First
Street.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Moore eventually
embraced the inevitable, adopting an orderly, lucrative plan for developing his
lands.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some of the lots were sold to
wealthy New Yorkers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Moore also donated
sixty-six acres to the Episcopal diocese, which built the General Theological
Seminary, where Moore himself taught from 1821 to 1850 as professor of Oriental
languages and Greek literature.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>John
Pintard would become one of the seminary’s most successful and loyal
fundraisers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt; vertical-align: middle;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Violence
in urban America could bubble up at any moment, but it had become common in the
largest cities during the coldest weather months when waterways froze and
employment rose, especially around Christmas and New Year’s.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By 1800, Philadelphia’s elite had come to loathe
the Christmas season, when mobs of young working-class males roamed the streets
into the early morning, singing, banging on drums and pots, and firing
guns.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Individuals in these so-called
“callithumpian bands” might be dressed in burlesque and were inevitably drunk.<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Articles%20Derived%20from%20IoT/Pintard%20rewrite%20for%20blog.docx#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[8]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Their presence was ritualized—“a sanctioned
opportunity for the urban poor to let off steam”<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Articles%20Derived%20from%20IoT/Pintard%20rewrite%20for%20blog.docx#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[9]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></a>—but
always in danger of escalating beyond noise and harmless pranks.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt; vertical-align: middle;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">John
Pintard, Clement Moore, and their fellow New Yorkers were susceptible to this
same sort of callithumpian threat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="background-color: yellow;">At
New Year’s 1785, reports indicated “more than a thousand guns and pistols” were
fired one night, all accompanied by “vociferation and uproar.”<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Articles%20Derived%20from%20IoT/Pintard%20rewrite%20for%20blog.docx#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[10]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></a><sup>
</sup><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The city’s wealthier class was
fully aware that, if out on the lawn there arose such a clatter—and they sprang
from their beds to see what was the matter—it could well be a drunken mob
tearing up their front posts or hedges, or breaking windows of the nearby
warehouse just for the sport of it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt; vertical-align: middle;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">All
agreed that the “misrule” of the holiday season seemed to be worsening as the
city grew.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mobocracy stood in stark
contrast to the quiet, genial visiting of friends on New Year’s Day in which
Pintard had encouraged George and Martha Washington’s participation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt; vertical-align: middle;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><u>Innovating Santa Claus, American Peacemaker</u></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt; vertical-align: middle;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Emerging
from debtors’ prison in 1801, John Pintard set about supporting his family and resurrecting
his career.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was appointed Clerk to
the Corporation of New York and City Inspector.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He was also elected Secretary of the Mutual Insurance Company, a
position from which he and his family would derive a steady income for the next
twenty years.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt; vertical-align: middle;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In
1804, along with Mayor DeWitt Clinton, John Pintard founded the New-York
Historical Society.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was an effort to
preserve not only the history of New York but all of America.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Calling again on his old investors for
funding, Pintard established an office and began to recruit members and
memorabilia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Biographer James Grant
Wilson noted: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: .5in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0.5in 6pt; vertical-align: middle;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">It may be doubted
if among his New York contemporaries, his equal could be found, for persuading
people to part with their money, for Pintard possessed an intuitive knowledge
of every man’s weak point, and the power of reaching it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For organizing societies and meetings he had
a perfect genius.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Few public
institutions were established in his day without his aid and co-operation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Remaining in the background himself, or only
appearing in the modest role of Secretary, Pintard was in reality very
generally the real leader of the movement.”<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Articles%20Derived%20from%20IoT/Pintard%20rewrite%20for%20blog.docx#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[11]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt; vertical-align: middle;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Despite
losing his fortune, Pintard remained among the richest of Americans in terms of
social capital.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was a superb
networker and fundraiser, a relentless champion of good causes, and fast
becoming an expert in what would one day be called servant leadership, the
ability to share power and elevate others according to the needs of an
organization.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt; vertical-align: middle;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="background-color: yellow;">The
founding of the New-York Historical Society was foreshadowed by three
especially curious hand-written entries discovered by historians in John Pintard’s
personal almanac from 1793.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The first
two, for “Independence Day” and “Washington’s Birthday,” hinted at national
holidays long before most Americans recognized or celebrated either.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was a function of Pintard’s patriotism,
energy, and foresight that both would become fixtures of the national calendar.<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Articles%20Derived%20from%20IoT/Pintard%20rewrite%20for%20blog.docx#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[12]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt; vertical-align: middle;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">It
was the third handwritten entry, however, that suggested the social innovation
that Pintard would develop deliberately over time, one that would capture the
imagination of New York City and ultimately the entire country.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ6GRHhQfGULMs9bAus63pINNscLfYy0ohc0GYKNyuw_cHkQGCX3usvzGhIPHRflIv0440zqfxtn1mgLPW-BqhwAoCzz9Althz9ZQbzuwVBJtB3QE37w7d6N5Ql0R4qLIrzL0vb5fctIQ/s1600/405px-St_Nicholas_by_John_Pintard_%25281810%2529.jpg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="599" data-original-width="405" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ6GRHhQfGULMs9bAus63pINNscLfYy0ohc0GYKNyuw_cHkQGCX3usvzGhIPHRflIv0440zqfxtn1mgLPW-BqhwAoCzz9Althz9ZQbzuwVBJtB3QE37w7d6N5Ql0R4qLIrzL0vb5fctIQ/s400/405px-St_Nicholas_by_John_Pintard_%25281810%2529.jpg" width="270" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px; text-align: center;">A woodcut dedicated to St. Nicholas<br />
(New-York Historical Society)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Historians now
believe that the first time “St. Nicholas” was mentioned in America after the
American Revolution was in Pintard’s 1793 almanac.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By 1804, Pintard and the fledgling New-York
Historical Society had begun honoring St. Nicholas as the patron saint of the
city, a way to reinforce the work of the Society and highlight New York’s rich
heritage.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The date chosen for this
newest holiday was December 6th, the anniversary of St. Nicholas’s death.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pintard’s brilliance as a social engineer is
seen here firsthand, providing another opportunity for New Yorkers to gather and
celebrate in what seemed an increasingly divided city.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">But even more
pressing may have been Pintard’s attempt—described by historian Stephen
Nissenbaum in his <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Battle for Christmas</i>—to
“take back” a holiday season characterized by the disorder and violence of the
mob.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The pleasant social visits of New
Year’s Day were fast becoming an outdated, breathless sprint as New York City
expanded and as old friends found themselves living farther and farther
apart.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pintard was seeking something
more civil, domestic, and even sacred around which to focus the season.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>St. Nicholas—and the coldest, most violent of
seasons—seemed a perfect combination.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">As was his style,
John Pintard engaged on all fronts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
proposed December 6<sup>th</sup> as a holiday, with the Historical Society
leading in its annual celebration.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In
1807, New York City’s Common Council (with Pintard as Clerk) also recommended
that December 25th be observed as a day of Thanksgiving and Prayer, and that
all recreation and employment be suspended.<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Articles%20Derived%20from%20IoT/Pintard%20rewrite%20for%20blog.docx#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[13]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></a>
(The 25<sup>th</sup> would eventually replace December 6<sup>th</sup> as the
preferred holiday.)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This recommendation
supported the efforts of churches to schedule services to curb public drinking
and disorder.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><u>Enter Washington Irvin</u>g<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">At the Historical
Society’s January 1809 dinner, a toast was raised to St. Nicholas, hoping the
“virtuous habits and simple manners of our Dutch ancestors not be lost in the
luxuries and refinements of the present time.”<sup> <a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Articles%20Derived%20from%20IoT/Pintard%20rewrite%20for%20blog.docx#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14;" title=""><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[14]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></a></sup><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At that same meeting, the name of Pintard’s
young cousin, Washington Irving (1783-1859), was proposed for membership.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pintard could not have known then, of course,
but Irving was the missing piece of his innovative plan in cultural engineering.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Born the same
week as the British ceasefire that ended the Revolutionary War, Washington Irving
chafed under his domineering father, a former petty officer in the British Navy
turned successful American merchant.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Washington grew close to his oldest brother William, seventeen years his
senior and a friend of John Pintard.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>During the 1798 outbreak of yellow fever in New York that killed
two-thousand residents, Irving’s family sent the 15-year-old to stay with
friends in Tarrytown, New York. This visit gave Irving his first exposure to
the nearby Dutch village called Sleepy Hollow and to ghost stories about
headless horsemen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Irving would return
to the Hudson River Valley throughout his life as a place of sanctuary and
ultimately retirement.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbtpA4D0Z0QUDDOXAzfG6KXdkENPOObWDEN-USSOz0GDLuMWRgyBRBubR_VJUJicDGKUbFUi8KbODA3Twt5Xht2aCnViaxMWhFZQNet50gZYaZK5wBpgD_yuZxXxzJM97zuRWBEPRIHYw/s1600/Washington_Irving_by_Charles_Turner_after_Gilbert_Stuart_Newton_cropped.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="326" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbtpA4D0Z0QUDDOXAzfG6KXdkENPOObWDEN-USSOz0GDLuMWRgyBRBubR_VJUJicDGKUbFUi8KbODA3Twt5Xht2aCnViaxMWhFZQNet50gZYaZK5wBpgD_yuZxXxzJM97zuRWBEPRIHYw/s320/Washington_Irving_by_Charles_Turner_after_Gilbert_Stuart_Newton_cropped.jpg" width="260" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A mezzotint print portrait of Washington<br />
Irving by the British engraver Charles Turner<br />
published in 1825<br />
(National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Determined to
avoid his father’s and brothers’ arduous lives as merchants, Irving preferred
instead spending time with his brother Peter, attending the theater and relying
on poor health, real or imagined, to escape work.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Peter managed and edited a small daily
newspaper established in 1802 by Aaron Burr, and it was here that Irving’s
first pieces were published and his talents displayed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Washington Irving
reluctantly studied law and passed the bar, but was a disinterested attorney.
Instead, he continued to write.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On St.
Nicholas Day, December 6, 1809, the 26-year-old published <i><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">The History of New York </span></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">by Diedrich Knickerbocker,
an invented Dutch historian.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
publication of this work turned out to be a</span> seminal moment in American
literature, turning Irving him from an uninspired lawyer into a celebrity
author.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="background-color: yellow;">Irving’s work
painted the picture of an innocent, serene Dutch past—the very thing John
Pintard was attempting to will upon the disorderly streets of New York with his
new, cold-weather holidays.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And Irving
did something more for Pintard, inventing stories of a “good St. Nicholas [who]
came riding over the tops of the trees, in that self-same wagon wherein he
brings his yearly presents to children,”<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Articles%20Derived%20from%20IoT/Pintard%20rewrite%20for%20blog.docx#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[15]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></a>
and of families who hung up a stocking in the chimney on St. Nicholas eve, “which
stocking is always found in the morning miraculously filled; for the good St.
Nicholas has ever been a great giver of gifts, particularly to children.”</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Articles%20Derived%20from%20IoT/Pintard%20rewrite%20for%20blog.docx#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="background-color: yellow; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[16]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><u>Frightened Awake by a Thundering Band</u></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Almost overnight,
Washington Irving introduced a genial, pipe-smoking St. Nicolas/Santa Claus
that resonated with its American audience.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Biographer Andrew Burstein has written that “Christmas in America began,
in a sense, when Knickerbocker’s folk took heart by invoking the blessings of
‘the great and good St. Nicholas.’”<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Articles%20Derived%20from%20IoT/Pintard%20rewrite%20for%20blog.docx#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[17]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">For
the Historical Society's St. Nicholas Day dinner in 1810, John Pintard
commissioned the publication of a broadside containing a picture of St.
Nicholas bringing gifts for good children and punishment for bad ones. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">It all took time—cultural engineering is one of the most difficult of all
innovations—but Clement C. Moore joined the New-York Historical Society in
1813, apparently intrigued with the evolving St. Nicholas/Santa Claus being
championed by Pintard and Irving.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Each
year John Pintard insured that St. Nicholas was celebrated at the Historical
Society.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then Irving published his
sensational <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sketch Book</i> in 1819,
which included “Rip Van Winkle,” “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow,” and Christmas
scenes that now featured snow, yule logs, holly berries, Christmas carols and
games, mince pies, and mugs of wassail.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDYLO6nALxOS-zRg4eT0_ANvxtk4xQ6642MP69D1e3D9lznVEEggFSXwNESghHLZrIroCPnWXkAkbq02cHFpcETzqhWKDIkciR37loIiyVPS7YlK__SENrgXP0XN2-Nau97ekw0B_BrIM/s1600/354px-1864_VisitFromStNicholas_Prang.png" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="599" data-original-width="354" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDYLO6nALxOS-zRg4eT0_ANvxtk4xQ6642MP69D1e3D9lznVEEggFSXwNESghHLZrIroCPnWXkAkbq02cHFpcETzqhWKDIkciR37loIiyVPS7YlK__SENrgXP0XN2-Nau97ekw0B_BrIM/s320/354px-1864_VisitFromStNicholas_Prang.png" width="189" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Visit from St. Nicholas</i>,<br />
Illus. by Louis Prang<br />
(American Antiquarian Society)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In 1822, playing more the role of loving father than stern professor of
ancient Greek, Moore penned for his children the wildly popular “<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">A</span> <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Visit from St. Nicholas (The Night before Christmas).”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now, the clatter in the yard was no longer
the mob tearing up bushes and fencing, but the sound of a friendly spirit
bearing gifts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In 1835, novelist
Catharine Maria Sedgwick included a Christmas tree in her fiction, borrowed
from her observation of German families in Brooklyn.<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Articles%20Derived%20from%20IoT/Pintard%20rewrite%20for%20blog.docx#_ftn18" name="_ftnref18" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[18]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">These were the foundations, along with Charles Dickens’s
1843 <i>A Christmas Carol</i>, that turned the focus from both St. Nicholas Day
and New Year’s Day to make Christmas the centerpiece of the season.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It became a joyful, peaceful holiday centered
around family and children that slowly took back the winter season from the
mob.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="background-color: yellow;">We know from John
Pintard’s letters that in 1820 his own household was frightened awake by a
thundering band “banging drums, blowing fifes, proclaiming the season and
frightening everyone in their path.”<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Articles%20Derived%20from%20IoT/Pintard%20rewrite%20for%20blog.docx#_ftn19" name="_ftnref19" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn19;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[19]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Perhaps it is this story that Moore echoed
in his poem two years later.)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But we
also know that by the 1820s, New Yorkers were greeting one another with
Christmas wishes, while stores on Broadway extended their hours to accommodate
shoppers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>Santa Claus became a regular
in New York newspapers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ever the
marketer, John Pintard ran with Irving’s invented Dutch history, declaring in
1831 that Christmas was of “ancient usage” and that “St. Claas is too firmly
riveted in this city ever to be forgotten.”<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Articles%20Derived%20from%20IoT/Pintard%20rewrite%20for%20blog.docx#_ftn20" name="_ftnref20" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn20;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[20]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In 1841 a
merchant in Philadelphia featured Santa climbing a chimney, and in 1863 the
political illustrator Thomas Nast began to sketch Santa in a way we would today
recognize.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By the time our Centennial-era
entrepreneurs were coming of age in 1897, the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">New York Sun</i> could assure its readers that “Yes, Virginia, There is
a Santa Claus.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“Without Irving
there would be no Santa Claus,”<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Articles%20Derived%20from%20IoT/Pintard%20rewrite%20for%20blog.docx#_ftn21" name="_ftnref21" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn21;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">[21]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></a>
historian Charles Jones wrote.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But if
Irving planted and Moore fertilized, Pintard had scouted the field, prepared
the ground and managed the harvest.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Together, Pintard, Irving, and Moore conjured an iconic symbol and
beloved American holiday almost out of thin air.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt; vertical-align: middle;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">John
Pintard never lost his enthusiasm for social causes or for improving New York
City.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His truly extraordinary work was
done after he lost his fortune and was humbled by debtors’ prison.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He became the moving force behind the
establishment of the Society for the Prevention of Pauperism, an effort to end
public begging and intoxication.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He also
helped to found the American Bible Society, was Secretary of the New York
Chamber of Commerce, served as Secretary of the Sailors Snug Harbor, a home for
aged sailors on Staten Island, and was President of the New York Bank for
Savings.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEige08r9hj8O6ZWgRvPvwKBMdfS17UQp6wte7MAu1jIStxavcNpHthaJ_8-RHyPyWOrOd3iQ5H8VQMG31dAM08QGJtSKTdkcDePt-9LyFw4zO3UkZDeIMPsQUStb8dSItgxE2G-6YwiP6Q/s1600/wedding-700x425.png" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="425" data-original-width="700" height="194" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEige08r9hj8O6ZWgRvPvwKBMdfS17UQp6wte7MAu1jIStxavcNpHthaJ_8-RHyPyWOrOd3iQ5H8VQMG31dAM08QGJtSKTdkcDePt-9LyFw4zO3UkZDeIMPsQUStb8dSItgxE2G-6YwiP6Q/s320/wedding-700x425.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">John Pintard and DeWitt Clinton, Erie Canal, 1825<br />
(Wedding of the Waters, W. Grotz, wash drawing, <br />
11 x13. Fenimore Art Museum, Cooperstown, <br />
New York, Museum Purchase, N0192.1978)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt; vertical-align: middle;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">His
zealous support for DeWitt Clinton’s Erie Canal initiative helped save the
project in its darkest hour, and it was John Pintard who proudly carried the
bottle of Lake Erie water that was emptied into the Atlantic Ocean on the day
the Canal opened.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When Pintard wasn’t
writing a persuasive letter that would unloose a charitable contribution, he
translated the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Book of Common Prayer</i>
into French for the Huguenot Church.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Indeed, for 50 years there were few historical, charitable, or
educational initiatives in New York City which entrepreneur John Pintard did
not touch and improve in the process.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="background-color: #fcff01;">But
his lasting gift, the creation of an American Christmas, helped not only to
tame the disorder and violence of the nation’s urban centers, but by the 1820s,
create a week of frenzied shopping before Santa’s arrival that foreshadowed the
dramatic rise of American consumerism a century later. </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
<!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<!--[endif]-->
<br />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="FootnoteText1" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Articles%20Derived%20from%20IoT/Pintard%20rewrite%20for%20blog.docx#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 107%;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> Italics mine. Bruce, Jr., Dickson D., <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Violence and Culture in the Antebellum South</i>,
Austin and London: University of Texas Press, 1979, 91.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="FootnoteText1" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Articles%20Derived%20from%20IoT/Pintard%20rewrite%20for%20blog.docx#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 107%;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> Michel Chevalier, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Society, Manners, and Politics in the United States [1839]</i>, John
William Ward, ed., Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1961, 374–375.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="FootnoteText1" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Articles%20Derived%20from%20IoT/Pintard%20rewrite%20for%20blog.docx#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 107%;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> James Grant Wilson, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">John Pintard, Founder of the Historical Society: An Address Delivered
Before the New-York Historical Society, December 3, 1901</i>, New York: Printed
for the Society, 1902, 17.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="FootnoteText1" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Articles%20Derived%20from%20IoT/Pintard%20rewrite%20for%20blog.docx#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 107%;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> James Grant Wilson, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">John Pintard, Founder of the Historical Society: An Address Delivered
Before the New-York Historical Society, December 3, 1901</i>, New York: Printed
for the Society, 1902, 19.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn5" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="FootnoteText1" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Articles%20Derived%20from%20IoT/Pintard%20rewrite%20for%20blog.docx#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 107%;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> Fraser, Steve, “The Politics of Debt in
America: From Debtor’s Prison to Debtor Nation,” January 29, 2013,
http://truth-out.org/news/item/14202-the-politics-of-<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">debt</span>-in-america-from-<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">debt</span>ors-prison-to-<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">debt</span>or-nation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn6" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="FootnoteText1" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Articles%20Derived%20from%20IoT/Pintard%20rewrite%20for%20blog.docx#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 107%;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> Andrew Burstein, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Original Knickerbocker: The Life of Washington Irving</i>, New
York: Basic Books, 2007, Kindle, Amazon Digitial Services, Loc. 1418.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn7" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="FootnoteText1" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Articles%20Derived%20from%20IoT/Pintard%20rewrite%20for%20blog.docx#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 107%;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> Stephen Nissenbaum, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Battle for Christmas</i>, Vintage: New York, 1996, 67.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn8" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="FootnoteText1" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Articles%20Derived%20from%20IoT/Pintard%20rewrite%20for%20blog.docx#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 107%;">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> David, Susan G., “’Making Night
Hideous’: Christmas Revelry and Public Order in Nineteenth-Century
Philadelphia,”<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">American Quarterly, </i>The
Johns Hopkins University Press, Vol. 34, No. 2, 185-199,
http://www.jstor.org/stable/2712609. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn9" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="FootnoteText1" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Articles%20Derived%20from%20IoT/Pintard%20rewrite%20for%20blog.docx#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 107%;">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> Stephen Nissenbaum, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Battle for Christmas</i>, Vintage: New York, 1996, 51.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn10" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="FootnoteText1" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Articles%20Derived%20from%20IoT/Pintard%20rewrite%20for%20blog.docx#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 107%;">[10]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> Jones, Charles W., <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Saint Nicholas of Myra, Bari and Manhattan</i>, Chicago: University of
Chicago, 1978, 350.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn11" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="FootnoteText1" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Articles%20Derived%20from%20IoT/Pintard%20rewrite%20for%20blog.docx#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 107%;">[11]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> James Grant Wilson, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">John Pintard, Founder of the Historical Society: An Address Delivered
Before the New-York Historical Society, December 3, 1901</i>, New York: Printed
for the Society, 1902, 27.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn12" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="FootnoteText1" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Articles%20Derived%20from%20IoT/Pintard%20rewrite%20for%20blog.docx#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 107%;">[12]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> Stephen Nissenbaum, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Battle for Christmas</i>, Vintage: New York, 1996, 55.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn13" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="FootnoteText1" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Articles%20Derived%20from%20IoT/Pintard%20rewrite%20for%20blog.docx#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 107%;">[13]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> Jones, Charles W., <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Saint Nicholas of Myra, Bari and Manhattan</i>, Chicago: University of
Chicago, 1978, 350.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn14" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="FootnoteText1" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Articles%20Derived%20from%20IoT/Pintard%20rewrite%20for%20blog.docx#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 107%;">[14]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> Jones, Charles W., <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Saint Nicholas of Myra, Bari and Manhattan</i>, Chicago: University of
Chicago, 1978, 341.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn15" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="FootnoteText1" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Articles%20Derived%20from%20IoT/Pintard%20rewrite%20for%20blog.docx#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 107%;">[15]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> Andrew Burstein, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Original Knickerbocker: The Life of Washington Irving</i>, New
York: Basic Books, 2007, Kindle, Amazon Digitial Services, Loc. 1597.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn16" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="FootnoteText1" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Articles%20Derived%20from%20IoT/Pintard%20rewrite%20for%20blog.docx#_ftnref16" name="_ftn16" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 107%;">[16]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> Andrew Burstein, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Original Knickerbocker: The Life of Washington Irving</i>, New
York: Basic Books, 2007, Kindle, Amazon Digitial Services, Loc. 1842.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn17" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="FootnoteText1" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Articles%20Derived%20from%20IoT/Pintard%20rewrite%20for%20blog.docx#_ftnref17" name="_ftn17" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 107%;">[17]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> Andrew Burstein, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Original Knickerbocker: The Life of Washington Irving</i>, New
York: Basic Books, 2007, Kindle, Amazon Digitial Services, Loc. 1842.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn18" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="FootnoteText1" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Articles%20Derived%20from%20IoT/Pintard%20rewrite%20for%20blog.docx#_ftnref18" name="_ftn18" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 107%;">[18]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> Edwin G. Burrows and Mike Wallace, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898</i>,
New York: Oxford University Press, 1999, 463.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn19" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="FootnoteText1" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Articles%20Derived%20from%20IoT/Pintard%20rewrite%20for%20blog.docx#_ftnref19" name="_ftn19" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn19;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 107%;">[19]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> Stephen Nissenbaum, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Battle for Christmas</i>, Vintage: New York, 1996, 49–50.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn20" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="FootnoteText1" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Articles%20Derived%20from%20IoT/Pintard%20rewrite%20for%20blog.docx#_ftnref20" name="_ftn20" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn20;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 107%;">[20]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> Edwin G. Burrows and Mike Wallace, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898</i>,
New York: Oxford University Press, 1999, 463.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn21" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="FootnoteText1" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Articles%20Derived%20from%20IoT/Pintard%20rewrite%20for%20blog.docx#_ftnref21" name="_ftn21" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn21;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 107%;">[21]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> Jones, Charles W., <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Saint Nicholas of Myra, Bari and Manhattan</i>, Chicago: University of Chicago,
1978, 344.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</div>
<br />Eric B. Schultzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03169391149462048777noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7279240094159602471.post-67806656356109486432020-10-08T13:10:00.000-04:002020-10-08T13:10:11.060-04:00Charles Beard: Historian Entrepreneur<p><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhkUHv91cIItusjCad6fxu164tiiRBVVI1jQU7Mddqn0GGz6n1XZsIFlY3SBzFdfZGounYbGtpOqTIo2QXMrLgtfNOrGsmm7jETKNdFIJ6Y3QCgJeSBw2rnx6ZgSHZSbwebqy9mlBegLU/s370/An_Economic_Interpretation_of_the_Constitution_of_the_United_States.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="370" data-original-width="256" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhkUHv91cIItusjCad6fxu164tiiRBVVI1jQU7Mddqn0GGz6n1XZsIFlY3SBzFdfZGounYbGtpOqTIo2QXMrLgtfNOrGsmm7jETKNdFIJ6Y3QCgJeSBw2rnx6ZgSHZSbwebqy9mlBegLU/s320/An_Economic_Interpretation_of_the_Constitution_of_the_United_States.jpg" /></a></div><br />[Author’s note:
This essay was intended for <i style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Innovation-Tap-Entrepreneurship-Broadways-Hamilton/dp/1626346631">Innovation on Tap</a> </i><span style="font-size: 12pt;">but was cut for length—and
as part of a (losing) debate I had with several editors who did not see Charles Beard as an
entrepreneur.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">I took the position that
if Lin-Manuel Miranda is an entrepreneur, attracting a new audience to Broadway
by combining the Founding Fathers with rap, then Charles Beard was an entrepreneur
by selling a boatload of books to Americans who never thought to measure the
creation of the Constitution against economic interest and greed.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">I continue to believe that intellectual
innovation is as important as social or technological innovation, but that
belief didn’t do much to get Beard his own chapter in </span><i style="font-size: 12pt;">Innovation on Tap.</i><span style="font-size: 12pt;">]</span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">In a nation whose
sense of identity comes not from geography, ethnicity, or religion but from a
set of ideals, history is a high-stakes proposition.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Even today,
America’s Founding Fathers sit in influential positions.<sup> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></sup>Twenty-first-century citizens wonder,
for example, what Jefferson and Hamilton might think of our national debt,
campaign finance laws, and healthcare reform.</span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Charles%20Beard/Charles%20Beard%20Oct%202020%20blog.docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Would
Washington endorse military activity in the Middle East?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Would Madison allow handguns on the streets
of Manhattan? <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Invoking the voices
of 250 years ago is a business fraught with peril because challenging America’s
Founders tend to challenge Americans’ sense of identity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">That makes what Columbia
University historian Charles Austin Beard (1874-1948) brought to market in 1913
not just an important innovation, but perhaps the most influential history book
ever written in America.</span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Charles%20Beard/Charles%20Beard%20Oct%202020%20blog.docx#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span></span></span></span></p><a name='more'></a><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOtgm8r7do8YtuXIcEe1tAQQHVWXsAnukSKeso_Fjgyoz1MDY8JZWPqnRoZxjn7BNzLQd1tW1gu84FAZN52UkkZWuLQWpDGoO3Z74CWc7Ibw3syK3hyx2vbljVIHA_GYDM74yFpiFZ7PI/s2000/Charles_Austin_Beard.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2000" data-original-width="1365" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOtgm8r7do8YtuXIcEe1tAQQHVWXsAnukSKeso_Fjgyoz1MDY8JZWPqnRoZxjn7BNzLQd1tW1gu84FAZN52UkkZWuLQWpDGoO3Z74CWc7Ibw3syK3hyx2vbljVIHA_GYDM74yFpiFZ7PI/s320/Charles_Austin_Beard.jpg" /></a></div><br />Beard was born in
1874 near Knightstown, Indiana, to a prosperous banker and newspaper
publisher.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Graduating from DePauw
College, Beard spent four years studying in Europe before returning to New York
City to earn his doctorate at Columbia University in 1904.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There, he served as a professor of politics,
where he proved himself a gifted teacher and prolific author.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Beard came to
champion “new history,” which sought to apply lessons from the Industrial
Revolution, experimental science, and finance capitalism to history “rather
than depend upon the ineffectual idealistic conceptions held by the Bancroft
school.”</span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Charles%20Beard/Charles%20Beard%20Oct%202020%20blog.docx#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Bancroft school
referred to George Bancroft, often called the Father of American History.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was Bancroft’s belief that America’s
Founding Fathers had created an exceptional nation whose destiny was to lead
and enlighten the world under the guidance of a Divine Providence.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Beard and his
associates were more interested in a history that was practical, useful, and
helpful in fixing the excesses of modern America. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Particularly influential
for Beard was a 1903 text, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Economic
Interpretation of History</i>, which recognized that economic conditions were
the foundation of life, and a 1911 work, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Social
Forces in American History</i>, which defined the American Revolution as the
economic struggle of colonial merchants.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<h2><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><a name="_Toc440187734">“The Shock
of My Life”</a><o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Like many
entrepreneurs, Beard’s radical innovation was less a brand-new idea than an old
idea reapplied to a new landscape.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When
he studied the property and security holdings of the members of America’s
Constitutional Convention, Beard had what he called “the shock of my life.”</span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Charles%20Beard/Charles%20Beard%20Oct%202020%20blog.docx#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Constitution,
he found, was less a set of idealistic political beliefs and more a document
about economics—who got what, and how much.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Most members of the Convention were, Beard believed, “immediately,
directly, and personally interested in, and derived economic advantages from,
the establishment of the new system.”</span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Charles%20Beard/Charles%20Beard%20Oct%202020%20blog.docx#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[5]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Instead
of exercising disinterested virtue, as Bancroft had taught, the Founding
Fathers demonstrated selfish class interests and battled for their own economic
and social gain. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The birth of
America turned out to be not so much a revolt against tyranny blessed by
Providence, but rather “a welding of economic interests that cut through state
boundaries.”</span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Charles%20Beard/Charles%20Beard%20Oct%202020%20blog.docx#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[6]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Manufacturers, land speculators, creditors, and merchants were at work
here vying not for grand principles but for land, credit, tariffs, and
profit.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">In other words,
Beard believed, the business of America really <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">was</i> business. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">This finding on the
part of Beard and the Columbia School of the New History was an unexpectedly
harsh appraisal of a group of beloved Founders that had attained mythical
status in the prior century.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“The
Constitution . . . was the work of a consolidated group of interests which
preferred themselves to either the people or the States,” one review explained
Beard, and “the Constitution placed the dollar above the man.”</span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Charles%20Beard/Charles%20Beard%20Oct%202020%20blog.docx#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[7]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Individuals like
Washington and Hamilton were politician <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">and</i>
speculator alike; they measured their work in Philadelphia as carefully against
the depreciated value of Continental currencies and the price of land beyond
the Alleghenies as they did in the welfare of their countrymen.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Beard’s work came
at the same time that muckrakers were exposing government graft, industrial
malfeasance, and the true motivations of corporate icons like John D.
Rockefeller.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many still remembered the
scandals of the Grant administration, which included a series of embarrassing
cases of insider speculation, profiteering, and corruption by Grant’s cabinet
and political appointees in the years following the Civil War.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The world was about
to plunge into WWI, a senseless war driven by a lust for territory.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With such a backdrop, Beard’s thesis gained
increasing and enthusiastic support. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8TD2i08Hch3qBNkv3H3WI6P8vGk62D-uC3S1xpdyL-2QKD13gJW-FNJNXOE_wSrUtGg9Dm2gyjWJgDGBz7PYSEHzBHwM8E4q3k4LdJSrlruclt61QBQAYJ5Ehijm1DQDWu7gzY_cL0nw/s475/wood+revolutionary+characters.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="475" data-original-width="475" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8TD2i08Hch3qBNkv3H3WI6P8vGk62D-uC3S1xpdyL-2QKD13gJW-FNJNXOE_wSrUtGg9Dm2gyjWJgDGBz7PYSEHzBHwM8E4q3k4LdJSrlruclt61QBQAYJ5Ehijm1DQDWu7gzY_cL0nw/s320/wood+revolutionary+characters.jpg" /></a></div>Modern historian
Gordon Wood, who came to disagree with the Beard hypothesis, wrote that <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">An Economic Interpretation of the
Constitution of the United States</i><o:p></o:p><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: .5in; margin-top: 0in; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">came to represent and dominate an entire
generation’s thinking about history and especially about the origins of the
Constitution . . . Beard and others of his generation came to conceive of ideas
as rationalizations, as masks obscuring the underlying interests and drives
that actually determined social behavior . . . Beard, like many of his
contemporaries, sought to bring to the fore “those realistic features of
economic conflict, stress and strain” that previous historians had ignored.</span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Charles%20Beard/Charles%20Beard%20Oct%202020%20blog.docx#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[8]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">By revealing the
Founding Fathers’ true interests and drives, Beard and his colleagues believed
that Americans might have a usable past, one that they could look to for wisdom
if not inspiration. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Beard was an intellectual entrepreneur with a thick hide who flaunted convention. As reviewer
C. Vann Woodward put it, Beard “laughed aside academic rules, overrode the
barriers between disciplines, invaded preserves of other specialists and mixed
politics with economics and wit with both.”</span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Charles%20Beard/Charles%20Beard%20Oct%202020%20blog.docx#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[9]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
invited controversy and, wrote Woodward, “Since oftener than not he took the
unpopular side, his books were regularly greeted with savage reviews.”</span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Charles%20Beard/Charles%20Beard%20Oct%202020%20blog.docx#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[10]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Beard resigned from
Columbia in 1917 for what he perceived as interference by the trustees in the
free speech of faculty members. Later he took on Franklin Roosevelt’s foreign
policy, which cost him many friends.</span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Charles%20Beard/Charles%20Beard%20Oct%202020%20blog.docx#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[11]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<h2><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><a name="_Toc440187735">Under
Attack</a><o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Beginning in the
1950s, Beard’s work came under attack from a variety of historians, some of
whom challenged his sources, others of whom found him too emotionally invested
in the New School tenants to provide a fair analysis, and others of whom were
simply skeptical of a world where motivations were purely economic.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Gordon Wood concluded
that “it is nearly impossible to identify the supporters or opponents of the
Constitution with specific economic interests from the historical record,” and
that, he believed, the “quarrel was fundamentally one between aristocracy and
democracy.”</span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Charles%20Beard/Charles%20Beard%20Oct%202020%20blog.docx#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12;" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[12]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This
interpretation of facts did not place the Founding Fathers back on their
pedestals exactly, but it did return the framing of the Constitution to the
realm of ideas and ideals, and not simply narrow economic interests.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">However, sometimes
innovation just won’t go away.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 2003,
Robert McGuire published <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">To Form a More Perfect
Union</i>, an analysis of the influences on the Constitution using modern
economic methodology and statistical analysis.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>By examining the broad, complex sample of financial interests and votes
that Beard readily admitted he did not, McGuire concluded that an economic
interpretation of the Constitution is valid, and that the pursuit of
self-interest can, in fact, explain its design.</span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Charles%20Beard/Charles%20Beard%20Oct%202020%20blog.docx#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13;" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[13]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">There was a kind of
cost-benefit analysis applied by each of the delegates, McGuire believes, and
“both broadly and narrowly defined economic interests had large significant
influences on the ratification votes of the delegates.”</span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Charles%20Beard/Charles%20Beard%20Oct%202020%20blog.docx#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14;" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[14]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Consequently, Beard asked the right question even if he did not have all
the tools to reach a sound answer.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">To a modern
observer—and to American voters who elected a real estate developer to be their
President—the idea that economics has a profound influence on politics seems so
obvious as to be almost quaint. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The reaction to Beard’s work, however, is a
good reminder of how pervasive the idea of American political and intellectual
exceptionalism was throughout much of the country’s history.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The notion that the Constitution was a kind
of economic “pivot” that helped protect property rights better than the feeble
Articles of Confederation, was as disruptive an innovation as America had
entertained in its first 150 years.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And,
when it did not square with the nation’s more noble aspirations, it sparked
heated debate.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">An
Economic Interpretation</span></i></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">
was only the tip of Beard’s enormous output.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>With his wife, Mary, he produced in 1927 a monumental synthesis of the
history of the United States entitled <i>The</i> <i>Rise of American
Civilization</i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">, adding two more
volumes in 1939 and 1942. <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">In all, Beard
authored or co-authored forty-nine history books that sold over eleven million
copies during his lifetime.</span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Charles%20Beard/Charles%20Beard%20Oct%202020%20blog.docx#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15;" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[15]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Royalties
insulated him from the need to seek an academic appointment after departing
Columbia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For many years, Beard and his
wife operated a dairy farm in rural Connecticut, writing together and
entertaining a long line of fascinating guests.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It was a peaceful refuge from a debate that still rages today.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk505695291;"></span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<!--[endif]-->
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Charles%20Beard/Charles%20Beard%20Oct%202020%20blog.docx#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> For examples see “What Would Our Founding Fathers Think of America
Today?” Americans for Prosperity, Texas,
http://americansforprosperity.org/texas/article/what-would-our-founding-fathers-think-of-america-today/,
2015.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Also John Hawkins, “13 Things That
Would Make The Founding Fathers Turn Over In Their Graves,” Townhall.com,
http://townhall.com/columnists/johnhawkins/2013/09/28/13-things-about-america-that-would-make-the-founding-fathers-turn-over-in-their-graves-n1711949/page/full,
2015.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Charles%20Beard/Charles%20Beard%20Oct%202020%20blog.docx#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> Wood, Gordon, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Revolutionary
Characters: What Made the Founders Different</i>, New York: Penguin Press,
2006, Loc. 127.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Charles%20Beard/Charles%20Beard%20Oct%202020%20blog.docx#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> Harvey Wish, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The American
Historian: A Social-Intellectual History of the Writing of the American Past</i>,
Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press 1983 [rpt: Oxford University Press,
1960], 265.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Charles%20Beard/Charles%20Beard%20Oct%202020%20blog.docx#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> Harvey Wish, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The American
Historian: A Social-Intellectual History of the Writing of the American Past</i>,
Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press 1983 [rpt: Oxford University Press,
1960], 272.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn5" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Charles%20Beard/Charles%20Beard%20Oct%202020%20blog.docx#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> Harvey Wish, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The American
Historian: A Social-Intellectual History of the Writing of the American Past</i>,
Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press 1983 [rpt: Oxford University Press,
1960], 274.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn6" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Charles%20Beard/Charles%20Beard%20Oct%202020%20blog.docx#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> Joseph Silvia, “The Debate Over an Economic Interpretation of the
Constitution: Where Had Beard Taken Us and Where Are We After McGuire’s ‘New’
Interpretation?, September 2007, http://works.bepress.com/joseph_silvia/2/, 2.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn7" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Charles%20Beard/Charles%20Beard%20Oct%202020%20blog.docx#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> “The Constitution: Professor Beard’s Startling Theory as to
Influences Affecting Origin of That Famous Document,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The New York Times</i>, November 23, 1913.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn8" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Charles%20Beard/Charles%20Beard%20Oct%202020%20blog.docx#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> Wood, Gordon, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Revolutionary
Characters: What Made the Founders Different</i>, New York: Penguin Press,
2006, Loc. 127.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn9" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Charles%20Beard/Charles%20Beard%20Oct%202020%20blog.docx#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> C. Vann Woodward, “The Impact Was Great,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The New York Times</i>, September 5, 1954.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn10" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Charles%20Beard/Charles%20Beard%20Oct%202020%20blog.docx#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[10]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> C. Vann Woodward, “The Impact Was Great,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The New York Times</i>, September 5, 1954.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn11" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Charles%20Beard/Charles%20Beard%20Oct%202020%20blog.docx#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[11]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> C. Vann Woodward, “The Impact Was Great,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The New York Times</i>, September 5, 1954.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn12" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Charles%20Beard/Charles%20Beard%20Oct%202020%20blog.docx#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[12]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> Joseph Silvia, “The Debate Over an Economic Interpretation of the
Constitution: Where Had Beard Taken Us and Where Are We After McGuire’s ‘New’
Interpretation?, September 2007, http://works.bepress.com/joseph_silvia/2/, 6.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn13" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Charles%20Beard/Charles%20Beard%20Oct%202020%20blog.docx#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[13]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> Joseph Silvia, “The Debate Over an Economic Interpretation of the
Constitution: Where Had Beard Taken Us and Where Are We After McGuire’s ‘New’
Interpretation?, September 2007, http://works.bepress.com/joseph_silvia/2/, 10.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn14" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Charles%20Beard/Charles%20Beard%20Oct%202020%20blog.docx#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[14]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> Joseph Silvia, “The Debate Over an Economic Interpretation of the
Constitution: Where Had Beard Taken Us and Where Are We After McGuire’s ‘New’
Interpretation?, September 2007, http://works.bepress.com/joseph_silvia/2/, 11.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn15" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Innovation%20on%20Tap/Fact%20Base%20and%20Research/Entrepreneur%20Facts%20&amp;%20Sources/Charles%20Beard/Charles%20Beard%20Oct%202020%20blog.docx#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[15]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> Harvey Wish, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The American
Historian: A Social-Intellectual History of the Writing of the American Past</i>,
Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press 1983 [rpt: Oxford University Press,
1960], 291.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>Eric B. Schultzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03169391149462048777noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7279240094159602471.post-91446792771009114872020-08-17T08:48:00.003-04:002020-08-17T16:11:07.072-04:00Answer the Note: Lessons from Ben & Jerry's and Warren Buffett<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihkQauK6NVfp34JuZsOl15SeMcoNXDQJ8BsTjViEotf3m9ve7xXtKSzlpCECEVnD8CfA6wf_v8Yk66Xo_-fJ3qMcTM0n2JAbJad1O2h8r184tmNAmEhHLjnwoBb501eFnDou8yAXy1j8Q/s2048/p8028256_edited.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1463" data-original-width="2048" height="234" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihkQauK6NVfp34JuZsOl15SeMcoNXDQJ8BsTjViEotf3m9ve7xXtKSzlpCECEVnD8CfA6wf_v8Yk66Xo_-fJ3qMcTM0n2JAbJad1O2h8r184tmNAmEhHLjnwoBb501eFnDou8yAXy1j8Q/w328-h234/p8028256_edited.jpg" width="328" /></a></div>I was struck by a letter printed on Sunday in <i>The New York Times Magazine </i>from Andrea, 37-years-old and living in London.<p></p><p>Andrea grew up in Cancun and loved Ben & Jerry's ice cream so much that he "wrote to them (in my 7-year-old nonnative-English) to let them know I had the best idea: They could add chocolate syrup in a little plastic bag to their ice cream."</p><p>Much to Andrea's surprise, the company responded, saying his "idea sounded delicious, but not great for the environment. They taught me a great lesson," Andrea added, "(and gave me coupons!). Such a lovely company and lovely people, caring for all their customers, even if they lived in other parts of the world, or were 7-year-olds."</p><p>Thirty years later, Andrea credited Ben & Jerry's with encouraging him to think about corporate values and the environment.</p><p>His letter was a reminder of my interview with Sweeten CEO <a href="#" id="http://theoccasionalceo.blogspot.com/2019/08/innovation-on-tap-3-jean-brownhill.html" name="http://theoccasionalceo.blogspot.com/2019/08/innovation-on-tap-3-jean-brownhill.html">Jean Brownhill </a>for <i><a href="#" id="https://www.amazon.com/Innovation-Tap-Entrepreneurship-Broadways-Hamilton/dp/1626346631" name="https://www.amazon.com/Innovation-Tap-Entrepreneurship-Broadways-Hamilton/dp/1626346631">Innovation on Tap</a></i>.<i> </i> </p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvGn21y0RWYQyDt72akQrhCjMnYAAwiZJayLla40SzzAxm4AoVARqC4-NYbAnNZ31OB-6V_iuaFQUrbzZntMzZoewHUH2bDWD_SlzcMyTX04R8LuA9p-85cdCWrjp_XQwOa5inG4HhjOQ/s535/Jean+Brownhill+1e.JPG" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="382" data-original-width="535" height="196" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvGn21y0RWYQyDt72akQrhCjMnYAAwiZJayLla40SzzAxm4AoVARqC4-NYbAnNZ31OB-6V_iuaFQUrbzZntMzZoewHUH2bDWD_SlzcMyTX04R8LuA9p-85cdCWrjp_XQwOa5inG4HhjOQ/w274-h196/Jean+Brownhill+1e.JPG" width="274" /></a></div><span><a name='more'></a></span>Early in her entrepreneurial career, Brownhill read <a href="" id="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B075WHGY69/ref=dp-kindle-redirect?_encoding=UTF8&btkr=1" name="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B075WHGY69/ref=dp-kindle-redirect?_encoding=UTF8&btkr=1">Roger Lowenstein's book on Warren Buffett</a>. "I was so inspired by Warren Buffett and the example he set that I wrote him a letter," she said. It was a spur-of-the-moment act, like Andrea's letter to Ben & Jerry's--a product of excitement and inspiration.<p></p><p>"When I got a response from him," Jean recalled, she knew that "impossible things might be possible. This incredibly important person wrote me back."</p><p>A simple return letter from Warren Buffet "ignited the belief in my entrepreneurial vision," she added. "I could shape my own life. It all clicked in."</p><p>Two unexpected letters. Two stories of inspiration. </p><p>"It is a unique feature of human capital," <a href="#" id="https://www.minneapolisfed.org/article/2004/the-industrial-revolution-past-and-future" name="https://www.minneapolisfed.org/article/2004/the-industrial-revolution-past-and-future">economist Robert Lucas writes</a>, "that it yields returns that cannot be captured entirely by its owner." Shakespeare was compensated for his plays but never received a fraction of the wealth he created in inspiration and enjoyment for centuries of playwrights and millions of readers.</p><p>Few of us are billionaires. None of us are Shakespeare. But all of us can be kind, and kindness turns out to be one of human capital's most expressive and sturdy components. Kindness has <i>legs. </i></p><p>What you do <i>matters</i>. Answer the note. Respond to the email. Return the call.</p><p>Especially now when people are hurting and the future is so unclear. The simplest act of kindness can be transformational. </p><p>And, if you are especially lucky, you will never even know the good you have done.</p><p>++++++++++++++++++</p><p>David Marchese's interview is <a href="#" id="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/07/27/magazine/ben-jerry-interview.html" name="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/07/27/magazine/ben-jerry-interview.html">here</a>. The letter does not reveal if Andrea is he or she, so I made the call in the interest of brevity and clarity. My apologies if I guessed wrong.</p>Eric B. Schultzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03169391149462048777noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7279240094159602471.post-63044095331364095522020-07-31T11:15:00.002-04:002022-01-10T11:18:22.593-05:00"Innovation on Tap"<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><font size="1">"Innovation on Tap" was awarded the 2020 Silver Medal in the <br />"Entrepreneurship and Small Business" category <br />by Axiom Business Books</font></td></tr>
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This post features a collection of excerpts, guest posts, reviews, videos, podcasts, interviews, and book-talks related to <i>Innovation on Tap</i>, which was published in October 2019.<div><br /></div><div>The book can be ordered from <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Innovation-Tap-Entrepreneurship-Broadways-Hamilton/dp/1626346631/ref=tmm_hrd_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=&sr=" target="_blank">Amazon</a>, <a href="https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/innovation-on-tap-eric-b-schultz/1131227619#/" target="_blank">Barnes & Noble</a>, <a href="https://greenleafbookgroup.com/titles/innovation-on-tap" target="_blank">Greenleaf Book Group</a>, and <a href="https://www.porchlightbooks.com/product/innovation-on-tap-stories-of-entrepreneurship-from-the-cotton-gin-to-broadways-hamilton--eric-b.-schultz?variationCode=9781626346635" target="_blank">Porchlight</a> (for bulk purchases), and is available in hardcover, Kindle, and Audible.<div><i><br />Innovation on Tap</i> received a silver medal for "Entrepreneurship and Small Business" in the 2020 Axiom Business Book Awards, was a finalist in the "Business and Career" category of the 2020 Independent Book Publishers Association awards, and was longlisted for the Porchlight Business Book Awards in the "Innovation and Creativity" category. </div><div><br /></div><div>In July 2020, <i>Innovation on Tap </i>became an Amazon Bestseller in Business, Technology, and Innovation categories. <br />
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Also available, free of charge, is a special set of notes prepared for entrepreneurs, business class instructors, and book groups that explore the leadership and innovation issues presented in the book. See <i>Spec</i><i>ial Notes for Entrepreneurs</i> <a href="https://theoccasionalceo.blogspot.com/p/blog-page_3.html" target="_blank">here</a>.</div><div>
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The video below is a 30-second summary put together by <a href="https://booksplainers.com/" target="_blank">Booksplainers</a>.<br />
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<b>Book Talks</b><br />
<b><br /><br /></b><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYN5-cVLMecxy2jrnmKLheGOWhTrY4B5gdbW3uUJIh2e6WD9lWEP1As0KGkUjbbNBYbUCR6ctpbg1pn5-NT8IkXGaSu5q-bddsaAayVpg-8Yxm_RbXftteqlz9-C1BBKH-kPWEMONBEBk/s733/HBS+Philippines+2.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="733" data-original-width="565" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYN5-cVLMecxy2jrnmKLheGOWhTrY4B5gdbW3uUJIh2e6WD9lWEP1As0KGkUjbbNBYbUCR6ctpbg1pn5-NT8IkXGaSu5q-bddsaAayVpg-8Yxm_RbXftteqlz9-C1BBKH-kPWEMONBEBk/s640/HBS+Philippines+2.JPG" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">We had a great conversation about innovation across Asia Pacific in August 2020.<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZbcPvWSvaXpFsJuagZ72xx4_7WCYI7wP8lNe9LIFnJVzucVdG0OFfmqbcqWKVFtmpG7vT5O3rjiHnSYUuI57E9Yfj_pjLmm8ZtSRv1RzI57btuhMe2d9PgfKnIi74WxBY_2-RFZodwUM/s2048/CB97A95B-8045-483A-8E20-EDD13C8ABA48.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="2048" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZbcPvWSvaXpFsJuagZ72xx4_7WCYI7wP8lNe9LIFnJVzucVdG0OFfmqbcqWKVFtmpG7vT5O3rjiHnSYUuI57E9Yfj_pjLmm8ZtSRv1RzI57btuhMe2d9PgfKnIi74WxBY_2-RFZodwUM/w400-h400/CB97A95B-8045-483A-8E20-EDD13C8ABA48.jpg" width="400" /></a><br /><br /></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A fantastic virtual panel with three of the entrepreneurs from "Innovation on Tap"--<br />Brenna Berman, CEO and Exec Dir of City Tech Collaborative, Jean Brownhill, CEO & Founder of Sweeten Brent Grinna, CEO & Founder of EverTrue. Notes from this session may be found <a href="#" id="https://theoccasionalceo.blogspot.com/2020/07/favorite-insights-from-creation-in-time.html" name="https://theoccasionalceo.blogspot.com/2020/07/favorite-insights-from-creation-in-time.html">here</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table>
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<div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div>Thanks to the <a href="#" id="https://venturecafecambridge.org/" name="https://venturecafecambridge.org/">Venture Cafe in Cambridge</a> for hosting this event.<br /><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br />The only book talk I was able to present live, before the pandemic...</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">What a Pandemic-era book talk looks like from the author's podium. My thanks to HBS 83I sectionmate Neil Collins for making this possible.</td></tr>
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<b>Published Excerpts of "Innovation on Tap"</b><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">"Innovation on Tap" was longlisted in the "Innovation<br />
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In the months before publication, I posted several short excerpts from the book, including <a href="https://theoccasionalceo.blogspot.com/2019/08/innovation-on-tap-1-sound-of-innovation.html" target="_blank">Buddy Bolden and the birth of jazz</a>, <a href="https://theoccasionalceo.blogspot.com/2019/08/innovation-on-tap-2-jason-jacobs.html" target="_blank">Jason Jacobs and the growth of Runkeeper</a>, <a href="https://theoccasionalceo.blogspot.com/2019/08/innovation-on-tap-3-jean-brownhill.html" target="_blank">Jean Brownhill and the launch of Sweeten</a>, <a href="https://theoccasionalceo.blogspot.com/2019/08/innovation-on-tap-4-elizabeth-arden.html" target="_blank">Elizabeth Arden and "the right to be beautiful,"</a> GM's Alfred Sloan (<a href="https://theoccasionalceo.blogspot.com/2019/09/innovation-on-tap-5-alfred-sloan.html" target="_blank">the most successful American entrepreneur ever?</a>), and <a href="https://theoccasionalceo.blogspot.com/2019/09/innovation-on-tap-6-brent-grinna.html" target="_blank">Brent Grinna and Evertrue</a>.<br />
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Thanks to <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/laura-asiala-8777b78/" target="_blank">Laura Asiala</a>, <a href="https://www.pyxeraglobal.org/" target="_blank">Pyxera Global</a> posted <a href="https://www.pyxeraglobal.org/book-excerpt-innovation-tap/?utm_source=PYXERA+Global+Network&utm_campaign=0409200f37-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2019_07_25_COPY_01&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_d8250a1476-0409200f37-61617469&mc_cid=0409200f37&mc_eid=70299306b6" target="_blank">a review and parts of the Introduction</a> from <i>Innovation on Tap</i>. Laura adds, "When I read about the challenges faced by these pioneers, I find myself agreeing with Schultz: there has never been a better time to be an entrepreneur, which is a good thing, because we need many of them."<br />
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Chapter 19, which features <a href="https://www.citytech.org/brenna-berman" target="_blank">Brenna Berman</a> and smart cities, <a href="https://www.citytech.org/brenna-berman-featured-in-new-book-innovation-on-tapby-eric-b-schultz" target="_blank">appeared on the CityTech Collaborative website</a>. Bermans explains how large cities employ data to improve the delivery of services, and how entrepreneurs in giant organizations must find ways to navigate complex ecosystems in order to deliver high-impact innovation. A fun and good read--and thank you to Brenna.<br />
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Here's my guest post for CEOBlogNation, <a href="https://rescue.ceoblognation.com/2019/11/15/three-things-i-learned-about-successful-entrepreneurs-from-studying-three-centuries-of-history/" target="_blank">The Things I Learned About Successful Entrepreneurs from Studying Three Centuries of History</a>. It's a long title for a short post that concludes, among other things, that "community is an entrepreneur's superpower."</div>
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From barbershop to coffeeshop, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Oldenburg" target="_blank">Ray Oldenburg's third places</a> contribute in important ways to an entrepreneur's community. <a href="https://www.smarthustle.com/entrepreneurial-success-finding-third-place/" target="_blank">Here's a guest post I wrote for SmartHustle</a>: "Healthy third places are marked by an ability to unite a community, flatten rank, assimilate newcomers, spread information, and enhance a person's sense of belonging. They can become socially powerful in their own right--a reason that British authorities frowned up coffeehouses in colonial America."</div>
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AllBusiness featured <a href="https://www.allbusiness.com/entrepreneurs-innovation-inspiration-new-ideas-124146-1.html" target="_blank">Where Do Successful Entrepreneurs Get Their Brilliant New Ideas From?</a>, in which I managed to fit six entrepreneurs from the book into 1,000 words. (I'm learning.)</div>
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<span style="text-align: center;">I also wrote </span><a href="https://addicted2success.com/entrepreneur-profile/3-ways-entrepreneurs-can-slow-things-down-for-greater-success/" style="text-align: center;" target="_blank">3 Ways Entrepreneurs Can Slow Things Down for Greater Success</a><span style="text-align: center;">, a post featured on Addicted2Success. "As an entrepreneur, wisdom normally accumulates one day at a time. But if you could hack this pace, one-day-of-experience for one-day-of-work, you might be able to slow the world down even as it accelerates."</span><br />
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Stephen Tyng Mather is one of the early heroes of sustainability and one of my favorite chapters in <i>Innovation on Tap. </i>Mather appears in a guest post thanks to the good folks at <a href="https://www.gettysburgfoundation.org/gettysburg-revisited/blog-reimagining-gettysburg/preservation-and-entrepreneurship" target="_blank">the Gettysburg Foundation.</a></div>
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<b>Reviews</b></div>
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In November 2019, <i>Innovation on Tap</i> was nominated to the Porchlight longlist in the category of Innovation and Creativity. <a href="https://www.porchlightbooks.com/blog/news-opinion/inside-the-2019-longlist-innovation-creativity" target="_blank">Gabbi Cisneros wrote a generous review:</a><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjx9t7eRt8zcLK5c6QXrz_M7FMzTKAXkHnPoqN-BQJzJAbfu8nbVwlYtrGXKul54xXx0P4IMce04GJXPdTia-fry4cz8UbtWGDOSj2Ad9zO1nt9V7lp-PONV24vAoHr0nj4XmuEXJc5Rc/s1600/longlist_InnovationOnTap.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1600" height="112" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjx9t7eRt8zcLK5c6QXrz_M7FMzTKAXkHnPoqN-BQJzJAbfu8nbVwlYtrGXKul54xXx0P4IMce04GJXPdTia-fry4cz8UbtWGDOSj2Ad9zO1nt9V7lp-PONV24vAoHr0nj4XmuEXJc5Rc/s200/longlist_InnovationOnTap.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 16px;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Eric B. Schultz crafts a lively history of famous entrepreneurs from the late 1700s to 2015. Rather than placing them on a pedestal, the author places them on a barstool. The atmosphere of a barroom full of entrepreneurs is a creative choice that humanizes the sometimes flat characters who are otherwise only described as "the inventor of…”. Additionally, this setting highlights other key points that the author makes about entrepreneurship: “The stronger the community the greater the chances for success" and “no single story is as powerful as the sum of all the stories." Schultz chronicles each entrepreneur’s coming-of-age and the many obstacles they faced and ultimately overcame (to various degrees). Entrepreneurs of today can identify with patenting issues, racism, sexism, and debt, which have been hurdles across time: "[Eli] Whitney never grew rich on his invention," "William Grimes was born a slave and fought bravely throughout his life for freedom and economic independence," "[Elizabeth] Arden appealed to consumers by emphasizing the 'New Woman' — who was anything but traditional." Additionally fascinating is the progression of entrepreneurial focuses which divide each section: Mechanization, Mass Production, Consumerism, Sustainability, and Digitization, and though it's exciting to understand these changes in priority and capacity, it's most incredible to appreciate the unrelenting drive that entrepreneurs grow to possess, no matter their background or invention.</span><br />
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<a href="http://www.midwestbookreview.com/mbw/nov_19.htm#micahandrew" target="_blank">The Midwest Book Review</a> wrote: "A unique storytelling approach to surveying and presenting insights into entrepreneurial success, "Innovation on Tap" . . . is an inherently fascinating, thoughtful and thought-provoking read from cover to cover. While unreservedly recommended for both community and academic library collections, it should be noted for the personal reading lists of business students, aspiring entrepreneurs, corporate executives, business managers, and non-specialist general readers with an interest in the subject that "Innovation on Tap" is also available in a digital book format (Kindle, $9.99)."<br />
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<i>Foreword Reviews </i>wrote a critique <a href="https://www.forewordreviews.com/reviews/innovation-on-tap/" target="_blank">here</a>: "Built upon strong research and fun to read, <i>Innovation on Tap </i>gives today's innovators the wisdom and gumption they need to overcome the odds." </div>
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<b>Podcasts and Interviews</b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkNr3Mko146rWSoPoFn5GGAeN-zGXcRAOhFTnQZPzvM2hVLr30O7L9lYgrSYQ9LfRnSOyENfC_ATa86dUr4O3vg_u_aN10gGwFxhENuGE0ZEsp3doBvZUQEm-Pwq-3atQYUKDLuE_lEMM/s1600/IMG_8276.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkNr3Mko146rWSoPoFn5GGAeN-zGXcRAOhFTnQZPzvM2hVLr30O7L9lYgrSYQ9LfRnSOyENfC_ATa86dUr4O3vg_u_aN10gGwFxhENuGE0ZEsp3doBvZUQEm-Pwq-3atQYUKDLuE_lEMM/s320/IMG_8276.jpg" width="320" /></a><a href="" id="https://management30.com/podcast/entrepreneurs-greatest-lessons/" name="https://management30.com/podcast/entrepreneurs-greatest-lessons/">This podcast from July 2020 is with journalist Sam Mednick for her "Happiness at Work"</a> series on Management 3.0. We cover the stories of both living and not-so-living entrepreneurs from <i>Innovation on Tap</i>, and talk about what it means to be happy at work. Here's an <a href="https://theoccasionalceo.blogspot.com/2020/02/skydeck-podcast-not-throwing-away-my.html" target="_blank">HBS Skydeck podcast</a> that took me back to my alma mater. Dan Morrell and I discuss innovation and entrepreneurship through the lens of music--Buddy Bolden and Lin-Manuel Miranda.</div><div style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="" id="https://www.chenpr.com/podcasts/" name="https://www.chenpr.com/podcasts/">Here's a fun podcast I did with Kayla Armstrong at CHENPR</a> (along with some of their other good work).</div><div style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://everyday-mba.com/entrepreneurs-through-history/" style="text-align: center;" target="_blank"><span style="text-align: center;">Here's a podcast for </span><i style="text-align: center;">Everyday MBA.</i></a> <span style="text-align: center;">Many thanks to host Kevin Craine. </span><br />
<span style="text-align: center;"><br /></span>
<span style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.jamestaylor.me/eric-schultz/" style="text-align: left;" target="_blank">Here's a podcast I did with James Taylor of The Creative Life.</a><span style="text-align: left;"> It runs about 35 minutes and allows me to talk about the book </span><i style="text-align: left;">and</i><span style="text-align: left;"> Mekko charts. </span></span></div><div style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://iamceo.co/2020/01/05/iam510-author-and-coach-showcases-entrepreneurs-stories/" target="_blank">Here's a fun podcast that I did with Gresh Harkless at "IAMCEO."</a> </div>
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<a href="http://www.misfitentrepreneur.com/misfit-entrepreneur-january-2020---182-innovation-inspiration-and-timeless-business-wisdom-with-serial-entrepreneur-eric-schultz.html" target="_blank">Here's the podcast Dave Lukas hosted for his Misfit Entrepreneur program.</a></div>
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<a href="https://www.bizjournals.com/boston/news/2019/11/12/former-sensitech-ceos-new-book-approaches.html?iana=hpmvp_bost_news_headline" target="_blank">This interview by Lucy Maffei appeared online at the <i>Boston Business Journal </i>in November</a>:</div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>The book is “the story of innovation in America told
through the eyes of 25 entrepreneurs, from <a href="https://www.bizjournals.com/boston/search/results?q=Eli%20Whitney">Eli
Whitney</a> to <a href="https://www.bizjournals.com/boston/search/results?q=Lin-Manuel%20Miranda">Lin-Manuel
Miranda</a>.” What do you think all these entrepreneurs have in common across
history, location and sector? </i></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
First, it’s community. They all succeeded because of
community, and when they were good at finding, building, nurturing, leveraging
community, they did better. The second theme is: the business model is
critical. When we talk about entrepreneurs, we say they need to have
perseverance, grit, courage; what they need is a good business model. If you
have a good business model, and you’ve been thoughtful about it, and you can
pivot quickly when you need to, then it covers up an awful lot of sins.</blockquote>
<div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div></div></div>Eric B. Schultzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03169391149462048777noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7279240094159602471.post-45183961231698974762020-07-24T08:29:00.002-04:002020-07-24T10:17:58.769-04:00Favorite Insights from “Creation in a Time of Disruption”<p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYtfFiYk_9KXVaYwvvboA6Nko0-bHgHa97Ex85bdJ3YQ8cHnBgyHjoGdSRA0bwaBdnigp-vl9s1_088zQ9ANVBtKhVO6U3sC-YBkYny5HT4__tIZPuDBDtKzdceNAQltj6tbh4DrykQyU/s2048/CB97A95B-8045-483A-8E20-EDD13C8ABA48.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="2048" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYtfFiYk_9KXVaYwvvboA6Nko0-bHgHa97Ex85bdJ3YQ8cHnBgyHjoGdSRA0bwaBdnigp-vl9s1_088zQ9ANVBtKhVO6U3sC-YBkYny5HT4__tIZPuDBDtKzdceNAQltj6tbh4DrykQyU/s320/CB97A95B-8045-483A-8E20-EDD13C8ABA48.jpg" /></a></div>Our recent virtual panel—<b>“Creation
in a Time of Disruption: How COVID-19 is Driving Innovation”</b>--brought together three
of the talented entrepreneurs featured in <i><a href="#" id="https://www.amazon.com/Innovation-Tap-Entrepreneurship-Broadways-Hamilton/dp/1626346631" name="https://www.amazon.com/Innovation-Tap-Entrepreneurship-Broadways-Hamilton/dp/1626346631">Innovation on Tap.</a> </i>Brenna
Berman, Jean Brownhill, and Brent Grinna are each leading their organizations
through this difficult period of pandemic and social unrest, and each was gracious enough to carve
out time to share experiences and insights.<p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">One of the common challenges mentioned was the
adjustment overnight from having mission-based, close-knit, high energy
cultures to leading remote workers that ranged from Millennials (suddenly sheltering
alone without any real support system) to parents trying to work while taking
care of small children or home-schooling. Disruption has reinforced the dual role that work
plays in employees’ health and well-being <i>and</i> in the health and
well-being of partners, clients, and customers.
All three leaders agree that refocusing on mission helped to re-ground
their teams in this unsettled time.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The conversation shifted about half-way through from one
about COVID to the George Floyd tragedy and issues of equity and
inclusion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b>As Brenna Berman said, “The
pandemic will be managed and addressed . . . [but] the social justice issue is
the one that’s going to take the hard work.” </b>The idea that entrepreneurs can use this moment to arrive at a more just and equitable workplace was a moment of epiphany for me.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The complete video can be found <a href="#" id="https://www.citytech.org/creation-in-a-time-of-disruption-recap" name="https://www.citytech.org/creation-in-a-time-of-disruption-recap">here</a> on the City Tech Collaborative site--and thanks for their sponsorship.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Below, I have chosen just three of my favorite insights (lightly edited for context and clarity) from the 75-minute
panel. There is much more, and I encourage you to watch it all.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span></span></p><a name='more'></a><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWTUK3olpzQ91Bbxe1BnHRJL6aVuYvDxwcf08T_4dk6jiiLyh3cfHsyh6jAq3Vv6t2v7I_6Irsxt658RD0IHGlDwZjLVSTmd1UbyY6m6fXBG_ZTBZ3JWToQLjeMTru1c07bNilPE_B8I4/s1500/JeanPhotohighres.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1000" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWTUK3olpzQ91Bbxe1BnHRJL6aVuYvDxwcf08T_4dk6jiiLyh3cfHsyh6jAq3Vv6t2v7I_6Irsxt658RD0IHGlDwZjLVSTmd1UbyY6m6fXBG_ZTBZ3JWToQLjeMTru1c07bNilPE_B8I4/s320/JeanPhotohighres.jpg" /></a></div>Jean Brownhill is the founder and CEO of <a href="#" id="https://sweeten.com/" name="https://sweeten.com/">Sweeten</a>, a company
that matches home renovation projects with thoroughly vetted general contractors
and then offers expert advice, platform tools, and financial protections at no additional
cost to the homeowner. Sweeten launched in New York City and has expanded its
services to Chicago, Miami, Los Angeles, Nashville, and Atlanta. <div><br /></div><div>(For those of you interested in Jean's backstory, she is featured in chapter 18 of <i>Innovation on Tap. </i>Favorite line from the chapter: "I was so inspired by Warren Buffett and the example he set that I wrote him a letter. When I got a response from him, that was the next moment my brain rewired.")<p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>On “fast-forwarding” the future (11:10):</b> “It was
important to remind ourselves that the end of the world has been predicted many
times—and it has not happened. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>[We need
to keep] that squarely in our sights.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">We have an online platform that facilitates offline transactions.
So, when shelter-in-place went into effect in the majority of the cities we
operate in . . . all of our construction projects came to a grinding halt.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Our business, within the course of a week, went
from processing thousands of renovations to processing almost none.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And that is, of course, an incredibly scary
moment for our staff, for our general contractors, and for our homeowners who might
have been in all different stages of their renovation. But we had to hold fast
to the idea that . . . this will not be the end of the world.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>People will still live in houses. People will
still want to renovate those houses. We will get back to business.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>And to really take this opportunity to invest in the things
that will stabilize us now as a company—and that certainly included some
cost-cutting measures and some reallocation of funds . . . But then really look
for opportunities to invest now so that we can thrive later.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Of course, no one wants to think about COVID as having any
silver linings, when hundreds of thousands of people are dying and so many
people are losing their jobs and sufferings . . . but I did think it was
important to look to this moment and the opportunities it presented us.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>That meant the fast-forwarding of the future of
construction.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I believe—and we see—that our
general contractors are now willing and open to using technology solutions that
they were not open to using before this happened.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We believe that we’ve probably been fast-forwarded three to five
years into the future as it related to construction
technology.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And we’re taking advantage
of that opportunity.” <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUF6IhV5cIUXajWCk465iH87D7wbfdDnf4xfEnddfXSe_RSPcmOCeDAbizHPzfUnv7AH6lvU-kKjqVOD1-8X8TMsu4943DB3NlLb2usnK3dQVnUL5cpJ-BOwrvh81CI2r9BY8LgyM0x34/s640/BrennSquare_8APR2019-640w.webp" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="640" height="256" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUF6IhV5cIUXajWCk465iH87D7wbfdDnf4xfEnddfXSe_RSPcmOCeDAbizHPzfUnv7AH6lvU-kKjqVOD1-8X8TMsu4943DB3NlLb2usnK3dQVnUL5cpJ-BOwrvh81CI2r9BY8LgyM0x34/w256-h256/BrennSquare_8APR2019-640w.webp" width="256" /></a></div>Brenna Berman is the CEO and Executive Director of <a href="#" id="https://www.citytech.org/" name="https://www.citytech.org/">City Tech Collaborative</a>, an organization based in Chicago with a national footprint.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>City Tech is an urban accelerator that brings
together large organizations (such as Microsoft), smaller organizations and startups,
government and community organizations that work together to solve urban
problems too big for any one organization to take on by itself. <div><br /></div><div>City Tech features
a co-innovation process that brings together solutions that are scalable and sustainable—to
help break the “tyranny of pilots.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Programs
range from mobility, last mile innovation, and infrastructure to health, homelessness
and promoting equity in the digital divide. </div><div><br /></div><div>(Brenna's backstory is chapter 17 of <i>Innovation on Tap</i>. Favorite line from the chapter: "There is a 'tyranny of the pilot.' There are thousands of smart city pilots around the US, many of which worked well, that never scaled because there was never any planning about how to scale them. . . .")<p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>On protecting mental health in a “remote” world (28:30):</b>
“I was not as protective of my time as Jean was early on . . . Like a lot of
people, I’m home with kids who are going to school and trying to balance a
number of things beyond just work . . . I’m a Peloton person . . . and I’m maniacal
about that half-hour on that bike . . . And [I needed to] encourage my team to
take that time away.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We did call a
couple of “mental health days” early on: “This Friday is off—there’s nothing we’re
doing today that won’t be here on Monday.” <b>And especially now in the summer
months, encouraging people to take vacation time, even if they can’t use it to
go anywhere . . . to protect their mental sanity and health space and get that
time with their family and friends in whatever way is healthy and safe for them
to do that.</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To make sure that they can continue
to bring their value to the table for their family and for their jobs . . .<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>(50:45):</b> We’re finally seeing some of the studies of
the impact that remote work has had, frankly, on the productivity of women as
the primary caregivers . . . and there’s been a lack of discussion around the
fact that you can’t work from home if you’re taking care of your kids at the
same time. The less affluent you are, the bigger problem that is.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It has all sorts of social ramifications.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I think it’s been a very undefined and
unsettled conversation . . . <b>The best outcome of this for any company big or
small is the ability to rethink what the right hybrid situation is for
them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No longer do you have to make one
decision or another--we’re in an office <i>or</i> we work at home . . . </b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">All of these innovations that we’re finding now . . . give us the ability
to think more broadly about how we view everything and use that thinking to say:
<b>My end goal is a more diverse, more flexible, more enlightened, available
workforce . . . How do I get there? What’s the means that help me achieve that?
. . . We kind of have a blank slate for that now.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfJLAI7XlBdWThBt-T97lqEGPPYP21yHUEJ3IDsgV6UZuXrBDMuUlPXxhmWP5NN07n-2kJqZs0lTtceDsmXsE1cam-yHcDI2ZisHrz1aHiOX_2wow3B2vKGeb9h9cEp5jMvMfM7oQ5cwo/s1024/ET_team-1024x684.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="684" data-original-width="1024" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfJLAI7XlBdWThBt-T97lqEGPPYP21yHUEJ3IDsgV6UZuXrBDMuUlPXxhmWP5NN07n-2kJqZs0lTtceDsmXsE1cam-yHcDI2ZisHrz1aHiOX_2wow3B2vKGeb9h9cEp5jMvMfM7oQ5cwo/s320/ET_team-1024x684.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>Brent Grinna is the founder and CEO of <a href="#" id="https://www.evertrue.com/" name="https://www.evertrue.com/">EverTrue</a>, a leading
provider of software for educational fundraising. Based in Boston, EverTrue is
ten years old and works with several hundred colleges and universities around
the country. </div><div><br /></div><div>(Brent's backstory is chapter 19 of <i>Innovation on Tap. </i>Favorite line from the chapter: "EverTrue is not a real company, but now <i>The Boston Globe </i>thinks it's a real company. So, it's a real company.")<p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>On equity and diversity (47:00):</b> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I’m hopeful that if we can all get through
this . . . it's going to be an incredible step forward for families.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s going to be a step forward for
supporting companies that, like ours, have so much work do to as it relates to
diversity, equity, and inclusion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Being
able to think about the world as a talent pool, about the United States as a
talent pool. Not having it be centered around 330 Congress in Boston is refreshing
for me.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We’ve already begun exploring
more proactive recruitment of diverse networks.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>For me . . . the George Floyd issues and tragedy and everything
around that has been <i>way</i> harder to navigate as a leader and with my team
than COVID and remote work</b> . . . COVID was thrust upon us totally external
force.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But around racial justice,
inequity . . . There’s no vaccine that’s going to create equity and inclusion overnight.
The only thing that’s going to do that is a ton of hard work, long-term
planning, changing our networks. <b>Those of the things that I’m hopeful that, out
of two tragedies and this confluence of events--one natural, one societal--that
there might be an opportunity to have both remote work and diversity, equity,
and inclusion as being some of the legacies of 2020 that are actually quite
positive. </b><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p><br /></div></div>Eric B. Schultzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03169391149462048777noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7279240094159602471.post-73710238072683324392020-07-05T09:52:00.006-04:002020-12-28T09:48:23.495-05:00Tweets for Tweets (2): My Favorite Bird Photos of H1 2020<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdJsEAXL8LgU32vp1AQkdtkzZXfcuNrLSgMunkbwJWO4MD9N7CRAA15U8P3uoEqkIPHn5D_l06RHCPLIvNcXyOrUgGvICpmpWd4e-IlPLWOPBIeNAeW3H7q973J90nj8wKpHbJjlHAC6U/s2048/IMG-9443.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1539" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdJsEAXL8LgU32vp1AQkdtkzZXfcuNrLSgMunkbwJWO4MD9N7CRAA15U8P3uoEqkIPHn5D_l06RHCPLIvNcXyOrUgGvICpmpWd4e-IlPLWOPBIeNAeW3H7q973J90nj8wKpHbJjlHAC6U/s320/IMG-9443.jpg" /></a></div>I managed to sneak three birding adventures in the first half of 2020 before the Coronavirus lockdown in March. Two were wintertime trips in New England and the third included ten days in Colombia, traveling along the Andes from Cali to Medellin. We visited the Anchicaya Valley, the Sonso wetlands, Otun Quimbaya, Los Nevados National Park (13,500' elevation), the Reserva Ecologica Rio Blanco, Cuidad Bolivar (for a pair of Speckled Owls), Las Tangaras, and beautiful Jardin.<div><br /></div><div>In all, we saw more than 400 species, most new to me. My head exploded sometime between days 6 and 7 but my fellow birders propped me up and down the mountains, clicking away. I needed three months, our nightly bird lists, and Merlin Bird ID to identify everything stuffed into my camera. </div><div><br /></div><div>Below, I've chosen my favorites pictures from the Colombia trip, preceded by a handful from my H1 local activities. (<a href="http://theoccasionalceo.blogspot.com/2019/12/tweets-for-tweets-my-favorite-bird.html">Here are my favorite bird photos from 2019.</a>) It's worth saying that North America is down 3 billion birds since 1970, much of the loss due to habitat destruction. Two-thirds of the remaining species are threatened by climate change. Industry manages to kill more than a billion birds annually. To add to these human-made catastrophes, <a href="#" id="https://www.audubon.org/news/trump-administration-continues-effort-strip-away-bird-protections" name="https://www.audubon.org/news/trump-administration-continues-effort-strip-away-bird-protections">the Trump administration is working to gut the100-year-old Migratory Bird Treaty Act</a>. If this treaty is reinterpreted as the Department of Interior would like, industry would be "<a href="#" id="https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/explainer-whats-at-stake-in-the-2020-rollback-of-migratory-bird-treaty-act-protections/" name="https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/explainer-whats-at-stake-in-the-2020-rollback-of-migratory-bird-treaty-act-protections/">freed from legal liability even if their actions result in the predictable, avoidable, and massive killing of birds</a>." I'm hoping the string runs out before this reinterpretation is approved. </div><div><br /></div><div>Anyway, from New England:</div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiS3aUXuonAN9UQEV6rE4GdGqgtVQY2hpWAF2LOgdPGgNwzCiMiT8FvIHgZC4HjCsA9Jpo_FFUuZgpS5BBB0LhS3roTXgxMqWwWNUTwPIpj3ZBMbw2Jq4eEe4akD_xNmWrAj9qk1DbxM9Y/s4608/IMG_8830.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="469" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiS3aUXuonAN9UQEV6rE4GdGqgtVQY2hpWAF2LOgdPGgNwzCiMiT8FvIHgZC4HjCsA9Jpo_FFUuZgpS5BBB0LhS3roTXgxMqWwWNUTwPIpj3ZBMbw2Jq4eEe4akD_xNmWrAj9qk1DbxM9Y/w625-h469/IMG_8830.JPG" width="625" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: left;">It wasn't a big winter in New England for Snowy Owls, but a few graced our presence. Snowy Owls are the Beyonc<span face="arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #5f6368; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold;">é</span> of the local birding kingdom; when one is spotted, an adoring crowd quickly assembles. </td></tr></tbody></table><div><span><a name='more'></a></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAgBk9qZaBa4rjUeRPQX5JhdF8O51R2L3wABdjFOsBLASQfRj-4Or9_JGurtC83DmJA4CCCT7OFYgoXN8vMzXYeSWkjfpTxJVi5OrVwNVD2kKMnXZtaBxvQBpRkDmFPBaMjuRBQAytv1c/s4608/IMG_5646.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="469" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAgBk9qZaBa4rjUeRPQX5JhdF8O51R2L3wABdjFOsBLASQfRj-4Or9_JGurtC83DmJA4CCCT7OFYgoXN8vMzXYeSWkjfpTxJVi5OrVwNVD2kKMnXZtaBxvQBpRkDmFPBaMjuRBQAytv1c/w625-h469/IMG_5646.JPG" width="625" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">With the exception of one good citizen, these Purple Sandpipers failed monumentally at social distancing.<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnxY-qPQA4_O8f5wJJQZdkQySclu177eCH7sG5tR3_5dM5p4Xe0T49E5269YwpnnZmgflgoNa3tLurKSWxqr6KpYRsi-Dstd7KPWIEdqfztCxTLZs8H2Znb2CQWHMF7dSFZNsbpjbsgqE/s4608/IMG_6419.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="469" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnxY-qPQA4_O8f5wJJQZdkQySclu177eCH7sG5tR3_5dM5p4Xe0T49E5269YwpnnZmgflgoNa3tLurKSWxqr6KpYRsi-Dstd7KPWIEdqfztCxTLZs8H2Znb2CQWHMF7dSFZNsbpjbsgqE/w625-h469/IMG_6419.JPG" width="625" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This Rose-breasted Grosbeak, arrived recently from Central or South America, landed 15 feet away and posed. Very kind.<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwBRuDih-LhldCXq5K5im1GjFeBXQAVgssKw62tYoszJfa2FQ63RwQatrsD44o-T2vGAtuxYrrCHs9-gVBlPdnj7bsXt5cOuXPYJ4CtpaVxN6ZTyfLcVL7oVvTAwEELZ10AiyvxYdakFc/s4608/IMG_7589.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="469" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwBRuDih-LhldCXq5K5im1GjFeBXQAVgssKw62tYoszJfa2FQ63RwQatrsD44o-T2vGAtuxYrrCHs9-gVBlPdnj7bsXt5cOuXPYJ4CtpaVxN6ZTyfLcVL7oVvTAwEELZ10AiyvxYdakFc/w625-h469/IMG_7589.JPG" width="625" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Indigo Buntings also winter in Central America and are another prize of the New England spring.<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjl8Xhh_Fo9b1ReDLWHvThFm7ijEHOsSskgeHx0ESc0eXeGh5uilXBcgFsIt2GxkQ0aHcLZ7ndAmcRSF44tdDofbzDYN7uA67gwzyIYvjMdDO3DconZGpijx-eN7G_Zl_eioyI6UsO2vio/s4608/IMG_8575.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="469" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjl8Xhh_Fo9b1ReDLWHvThFm7ijEHOsSskgeHx0ESc0eXeGh5uilXBcgFsIt2GxkQ0aHcLZ7ndAmcRSF44tdDofbzDYN7uA67gwzyIYvjMdDO3DconZGpijx-eN7G_Zl_eioyI6UsO2vio/w625-h469/IMG_8575.JPG" width="625" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Red-breasted Merganser must have been one of the inspirations for Dr. Suess.<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyNv2fKxt3-M0nIQ5MhAc-jiDLFijzSbeoBN4oqn4zYm-hRHp03KQwM_lED9vM7DBKiIZvEMREnPQCjCdJQ8ooEksND1_X3Ynk1CTrx7AQMKL4jTqbWbC-E_Z2LDGIq2bBAxMZNLJy5Fs/s4608/IMG_8633.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="469" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyNv2fKxt3-M0nIQ5MhAc-jiDLFijzSbeoBN4oqn4zYm-hRHp03KQwM_lED9vM7DBKiIZvEMREnPQCjCdJQ8ooEksND1_X3Ynk1CTrx7AQMKL4jTqbWbC-E_Z2LDGIq2bBAxMZNLJy5Fs/w625-h469/IMG_8633.JPG" width="625" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This rather lean and buff Eastern Bluebird sat nicely while I walked a very long semicircle around him to get the red-leafed maple in the background. My thanks.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGRGM3qv44LAu_n7gYMQ4KoGAa23OUJPhYHRIcXk1I49AV86G1hgrVzlKbs2BHkRGYgcNOgBwCM7nflTzTG73qitb_YkF4VATCNq6RxEYnW4xSXSWZyybAzAbs60oNELm5YsHncf2_4x8/s4608/IMG_8838.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="469" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGRGM3qv44LAu_n7gYMQ4KoGAa23OUJPhYHRIcXk1I49AV86G1hgrVzlKbs2BHkRGYgcNOgBwCM7nflTzTG73qitb_YkF4VATCNq6RxEYnW4xSXSWZyybAzAbs60oNELm5YsHncf2_4x8/w625-h469/IMG_8838.JPG" width="625" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A hungry Northern Harrier, suspended in mid-air. Under such circumstances, it's good not to be a vole.<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZxwqhyphenhyphenJ6i_uc2foWQxx9s4KLQYxyiDdZUOzMHCPpiUVyiFkJ_MvA6w6VHL9cVo3w_tqEvvZzNZOt2Eb0FJJwV00NoGo8HEwh298NzCmsDCxQuoojpH_9Z1ebyRCwuh98QNxKdrNHudFY/s4608/IMG_9395.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="469" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZxwqhyphenhyphenJ6i_uc2foWQxx9s4KLQYxyiDdZUOzMHCPpiUVyiFkJ_MvA6w6VHL9cVo3w_tqEvvZzNZOt2Eb0FJJwV00NoGo8HEwh298NzCmsDCxQuoojpH_9Z1ebyRCwuh98QNxKdrNHudFY/w625-h469/IMG_9395.JPG" width="625" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">I was lucky to get a picture of this Barn Owl with daylight remaining. I don't expect another opportunity like this, ever.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJCcP2jxGTdj2ce91Q-FD0p13Oh8g7JrO30xTR_jK_dJopwXak8YtcPpHJNsc6cw8vGlf7chk33VTrZc-h94NlzRwROMtNv1i6R1Mo_EcDtTzsWn1HT5wydg7En0NjPfPQ9nqS6WUuADU/s4608/IMG_9840.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="469" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJCcP2jxGTdj2ce91Q-FD0p13Oh8g7JrO30xTR_jK_dJopwXak8YtcPpHJNsc6cw8vGlf7chk33VTrZc-h94NlzRwROMtNv1i6R1Mo_EcDtTzsWn1HT5wydg7En0NjPfPQ9nqS6WUuADU/w625-h469/IMG_9840.JPG" width="625" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This is a Long-tailed Duck, which I included more for its story than this sighting in Boston Harbor. The traditional name for this species is Oldsquaw. "What a marvelously insensitive, splendidly politically incorrect name," the Chicago Ornithological Society notes. "In just eight letters, it manages to insult women, the elderly, and Native Americans." So, when the "New York Times" crossword asks for an eight-letter word that is ageist, sexist, and racist--you'll know. Except for the occasional unreconstructed hunter, this species is now universally referred to as "Long-tailed Duck."</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">And from March 2020 in Colombia:</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-MRq6-C1mcfiPyAgl-buCjAs6bhuqaJsDnk5QiW_ZNnpTWY7BX8j7iUIRJhKrNfMb5VSg91LMYjUP8vdVli0jkxfb8dpxGKjH4x-L9agVRRz3zKEF24is9G1DKR2qU_A1r3S2O6f_WVk/s4608/37781280_Unknown.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="469" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-MRq6-C1mcfiPyAgl-buCjAs6bhuqaJsDnk5QiW_ZNnpTWY7BX8j7iUIRJhKrNfMb5VSg91LMYjUP8vdVli0jkxfb8dpxGKjH4x-L9agVRRz3zKEF24is9G1DKR2qU_A1r3S2O6f_WVk/w625-h469/37781280_Unknown.JPG" width="625" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Usually found high in the canopy, this Rose-faced Parrot descended for a moment in search of fruit.<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNQ_acaxun540v-EfANOYEysv08Y7kl5ivXYyUS8gQ9lE5wQN7HR9I3cexGBgmQrp1lpw_QJEjp6T8pyErlTxOXvvgWaQ8oKLcJIWBmgPj2wb6VRzWyQLkeY1hK39oCgVuDlCGtYUiC08/s4608/37787856_Unknown.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="469" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNQ_acaxun540v-EfANOYEysv08Y7kl5ivXYyUS8gQ9lE5wQN7HR9I3cexGBgmQrp1lpw_QJEjp6T8pyErlTxOXvvgWaQ8oKLcJIWBmgPj2wb6VRzWyQLkeY1hK39oCgVuDlCGtYUiC08/w625-h469/37787856_Unknown.JPG" width="625" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Smooth-billed Anis. Maybe my favorite picture of the trip.<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJ-qFYcrOLGVIBZNxYoW-L8saxm_fvRgCpk7LuEd8syl4IQWk5QLpKkFTD74hXcfOx1YS4XmaqX1K-3fzR3OaWNsmuqFP7VCJVRtlADqxB_vca0RmZrPGWgIOBlR2jVFHeRPFriSDrfbA/s4608/37793520_Unknown.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="469" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJ-qFYcrOLGVIBZNxYoW-L8saxm_fvRgCpk7LuEd8syl4IQWk5QLpKkFTD74hXcfOx1YS4XmaqX1K-3fzR3OaWNsmuqFP7VCJVRtlADqxB_vca0RmZrPGWgIOBlR2jVFHeRPFriSDrfbA/w625-h469/37793520_Unknown.JPG" width="625" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">White-whiskered Puffbird. It's nice when a bird occasionally looks like its name.<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi255y5YIIWYjwIVmS_nzY2-PyGAcGWDgmxXXV9Jtja8GIkaejwx6tQKHsn2_EcFpYmoZIQ22JXeCBBCaw7FtPZIJxvN4k4U9qFTNaPI0dAxsCKMtO-NkSrBfNI-FD4gq7oqxH4HvQ_Bms/s2048/37797008_Edit.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1466" data-original-width="2048" height="448" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi255y5YIIWYjwIVmS_nzY2-PyGAcGWDgmxXXV9Jtja8GIkaejwx6tQKHsn2_EcFpYmoZIQ22JXeCBBCaw7FtPZIJxvN4k4U9qFTNaPI0dAxsCKMtO-NkSrBfNI-FD4gq7oqxH4HvQ_Bms/w625-h448/37797008_Edit.JPG" width="625" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A Masked Flowerpiercer, which I will be sure to feature in my next horror movie.<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpgAAJjmBuTqrwsEPSHDws59UNbXbF8GzM3hH6Fxo8ldyKXaG-C0rG771w0dkggsYa5QoJ-qJ31o9SGMwp_W_H1zTNoH813V2KeaaURaEudD8lXmxRC8EKMzk4AdDtVFYz7e05V7MyLaA/s2048/37797936Edit.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="469" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpgAAJjmBuTqrwsEPSHDws59UNbXbF8GzM3hH6Fxo8ldyKXaG-C0rG771w0dkggsYa5QoJ-qJ31o9SGMwp_W_H1zTNoH813V2KeaaURaEudD8lXmxRC8EKMzk4AdDtVFYz7e05V7MyLaA/w625-h469/37797936Edit.JPG" width="625" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Rufous-breasted Chat-Tyrant. Big name, tiny bird.<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLPaTIT4TzFluaSUTZa-tyOr3XegumqEbrh47oUiBn9rninv2JgcSV2Di80la4GJsbNpnzCdQLRxfWFvr9xRneu7awaae_BAkj8dPr-Ux-ESNqUEqCz9aZdXISmPCiqSFrMUz52sNemeI/s4608/37798256_Unknown.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="469" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLPaTIT4TzFluaSUTZa-tyOr3XegumqEbrh47oUiBn9rninv2JgcSV2Di80la4GJsbNpnzCdQLRxfWFvr9xRneu7awaae_BAkj8dPr-Ux-ESNqUEqCz9aZdXISmPCiqSFrMUz52sNemeI/w625-h469/37798256_Unknown.JPG" width="625" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Here I am at Los Nevados National Park, nearly three miles high, pretending I'm happy, cool and collected but mostly just gasping for air. Talk less, smile more.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEin9h4UIWIfCdlZkfggu5EK6YrpFKj8pEAW1saEohtAAQDcD7YmvhiiYSWF8RjC6V4RXo6kZ6TVlyqsUuR1oXQZ2CF3HE3kylbW8UZJvSJHZWmtP58YGZhOSzteb6NCAmaTZXSmY_FrV_o/s4608/37798576_Unknown.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="469" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEin9h4UIWIfCdlZkfggu5EK6YrpFKj8pEAW1saEohtAAQDcD7YmvhiiYSWF8RjC6V4RXo6kZ6TVlyqsUuR1oXQZ2CF3HE3kylbW8UZJvSJHZWmtP58YGZhOSzteb6NCAmaTZXSmY_FrV_o/w625-h469/37798576_Unknown.JPG" width="625" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Plumbeous Sierra-Finch<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheFniY8sGvmGJEYoRo_hWLw1VoX60Q2VZ8gdRR8Zuzo9QfeDcApC-iOTvVXjFiibR9Q-hFBZSXYhCpNBmwrfLhbS76Ps63LSmEV1qDCzB9yYnD9mvIRrFYMa9icwLVwtaT3OyGEjPxSNI/s4608/37798928_Unknown.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="469" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheFniY8sGvmGJEYoRo_hWLw1VoX60Q2VZ8gdRR8Zuzo9QfeDcApC-iOTvVXjFiibR9Q-hFBZSXYhCpNBmwrfLhbS76Ps63LSmEV1qDCzB9yYnD9mvIRrFYMa9icwLVwtaT3OyGEjPxSNI/w625-h469/37798928_Unknown.JPG" width="625" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A Shining Sunbeam. Best name ever.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKm_wHbdXH6pJhBUZ_17rwR3q61nVhnJST8yGBqpE5J39Vpeg_7exgYQIPu4fDpeCH1njwrjd_d6O4u2kKEAofChOX6O81IRtokkpHYfMXxUa4PBcIQLMN8eljkJWjI2w8TtDAqWw3Y_A/s4608/37802592_Unknown.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="469" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKm_wHbdXH6pJhBUZ_17rwR3q61nVhnJST8yGBqpE5J39Vpeg_7exgYQIPu4fDpeCH1njwrjd_d6O4u2kKEAofChOX6O81IRtokkpHYfMXxUa4PBcIQLMN8eljkJWjI2w8TtDAqWw3Y_A/w625-h469/37802592_Unknown.JPG" width="625" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This Black-billed Mountain-Toucan was feeding her young. I got exactly one opportunity--one click--and managed to focus on the tree in front of the bird. So, I ended up with a stuffed, plush Black-billed Mountain-Toucan.<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipcGuuHeBOWh9yGkZotQO5MRFrNh4Eljtlikcs6z26Q1nOtPJHNOLt4OwzpqxJII6pHQoVYE7YN08vEnbdFl2qaspmaVMytGDEXJCkvFP8xbnvn3UZuZaQmj2x2g1VDtVX5mWI29Xo2mo/s2048/37813264_Unknown.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="469" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipcGuuHeBOWh9yGkZotQO5MRFrNh4Eljtlikcs6z26Q1nOtPJHNOLt4OwzpqxJII6pHQoVYE7YN08vEnbdFl2qaspmaVMytGDEXJCkvFP8xbnvn3UZuZaQmj2x2g1VDtVX5mWI29Xo2mo/w625-h469/37813264_Unknown.JPG" width="625" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This is a Common Potoo, a cross between an owl, a Nightjar, and a stump. Our leader, Pablo, got a tip from a friend and knew where to look; otherwise, we would never have found this perfectly disguised bird.<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRidXwuAOJ5AaHt5VWo3cKvD7y0k0SfI49jO1UbEbbxgNij14mqyGm9UvhCtlYhrPGaZIQ60Gxgr2CpWNHiyTbHPugYnbFIik5hX-M3g6zxC-wIIUEZpSmvIPvxJYyInduNxyACtekQII/s2048/37818160_Unknown.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="469" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRidXwuAOJ5AaHt5VWo3cKvD7y0k0SfI49jO1UbEbbxgNij14mqyGm9UvhCtlYhrPGaZIQ60Gxgr2CpWNHiyTbHPugYnbFIik5hX-M3g6zxC-wIIUEZpSmvIPvxJYyInduNxyACtekQII/w625-h469/37818160_Unknown.JPG" width="625" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This Chestnut-naped Antpitta is trained to visit a feeding station. Otherwise, this is another species nearly impossible to spot in the wild.<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIsKfQ0lq52huuQPlnbOCBDL-CVN755pMxJEWvRIrqNYxoPC-FdgyG4ANuuCuIxpbl3OuCd7_4TiLno6EiS8XaUKR6j7Lb_6EdICT_W95sWHXSpGrZRR37FZYdRCWOaCirjsh7OENU9dY/s2048/IMG_0985edit.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="469" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIsKfQ0lq52huuQPlnbOCBDL-CVN755pMxJEWvRIrqNYxoPC-FdgyG4ANuuCuIxpbl3OuCd7_4TiLno6EiS8XaUKR6j7Lb_6EdICT_W95sWHXSpGrZRR37FZYdRCWOaCirjsh7OENU9dY/w625-h469/IMG_0985edit.JPG" width="625" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This is a beautiful Andean Motmot. He landed near our jeeps and hung with us for a while.<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrerPHnXW5BRgFm_RaGUK6_VGP5f0U_tChxHNR8bzArs9UbaKbkdNYQXBtbDqKcpy1wsoGejTKzXsFm3y-sjpcRr6mYJxs0mzs1dHB5vJBrowkWNDz9dD261s0FTcnLVwlZhJ_zchfv2w/s2048/IMG_2857edit.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1465" data-original-width="2048" height="448" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrerPHnXW5BRgFm_RaGUK6_VGP5f0U_tChxHNR8bzArs9UbaKbkdNYQXBtbDqKcpy1wsoGejTKzXsFm3y-sjpcRr6mYJxs0mzs1dHB5vJBrowkWNDz9dD261s0FTcnLVwlZhJ_zchfv2w/w625-h448/IMG_2857edit.JPG" width="625" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This mighty Torrent Duck planted himself on a rock in the middle of a river and looked like he owned it all.<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0YPSzlrsr8TCNNbITyS3Dxh9iB2ORVUl-3RsluaS68xt_Vh9DV87gX0n9OtuVQP4dG09GuSgsJYsUnqE9WkuI70SPjWYhaDgwfsWCr5ztI3zbBeS2mRd2TZEzwgA0Q9_r1MU0-eDzVQI/s2048/IMG_3289edit.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="469" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0YPSzlrsr8TCNNbITyS3Dxh9iB2ORVUl-3RsluaS68xt_Vh9DV87gX0n9OtuVQP4dG09GuSgsJYsUnqE9WkuI70SPjWYhaDgwfsWCr5ztI3zbBeS2mRd2TZEzwgA0Q9_r1MU0-eDzVQI/w625-h469/IMG_3289edit.JPG" width="625" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Green-and-black Fruiteater<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTfIwi6r5Tk9VXYtLmnjcOuPrcVVxfInbk3qEkob9A7KRAl1Z87fScQgL0h8iYmxgj8yWT2n_0x5gEAaiSVUjSVJJBxMq1mwRT7qxzXgavVhAAtOouWhJjyfpFEUM93BjP7xQoL5lw50E/s4608/IMG_3572.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="469" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTfIwi6r5Tk9VXYtLmnjcOuPrcVVxfInbk3qEkob9A7KRAl1Z87fScQgL0h8iYmxgj8yWT2n_0x5gEAaiSVUjSVJJBxMq1mwRT7qxzXgavVhAAtOouWhJjyfpFEUM93BjP7xQoL5lw50E/w625-h469/IMG_3572.JPG" width="625" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Here is our Spectacled Owl. Ebird says, "uncommon but unmistakable."<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBRqJRsTL-oE1Wdn7bCbZEfntwNbHJUpnZCOt-EzHlVFSgbJGc-IFuh32565ADkPJmACAv7NlgSpwhkB0Yz-tzK2IhQcFUajo_Iqxg2luA0k9CaoDk4QVtliKevRkJU_rAJzVddKS9iw0/s2048/IMG_3946edit.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="469" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBRqJRsTL-oE1Wdn7bCbZEfntwNbHJUpnZCOt-EzHlVFSgbJGc-IFuh32565ADkPJmACAv7NlgSpwhkB0Yz-tzK2IhQcFUajo_Iqxg2luA0k9CaoDk4QVtliKevRkJU_rAJzVddKS9iw0/w625-h469/IMG_3946edit.JPG" width="625" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Safron-crowned Tanager. The Tanagers of Colombia are many and spectacular.<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjN77-4EadWj60UJtJpDywDAK09-G36et7mEnVDD9t6L_8ve7ROIFN1FEtSyZ03MZsbl77klthcRAk7lugK8hWo9CISSIg34wR-N2TvfxkY5lMDoW7AcriRJV6EKFtCRW1nZyyvEi-z1hY/s2048/IMG_4538edit.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="469" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjN77-4EadWj60UJtJpDywDAK09-G36et7mEnVDD9t6L_8ve7ROIFN1FEtSyZ03MZsbl77klthcRAk7lugK8hWo9CISSIg34wR-N2TvfxkY5lMDoW7AcriRJV6EKFtCRW1nZyyvEi-z1hY/w625-h469/IMG_4538edit.JPG" width="625" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This is an Andean Cock-of-the-rock. The name, the color, the look. What's not to like?<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjC_mek_eW4a2uHTi1YUOvqZJENOP48sEwNddppv2yy3qFjVU06fG8awME7if46uOq1Im3PlsAbb8dprJhMgfDMTAPekV26FetVPmWcbuf7Te6EfiXo_GUH0AeSLs656fSrBRjcD_MzVBw/s2048/IMG_3959edit.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1462" data-original-width="2048" height="445" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjC_mek_eW4a2uHTi1YUOvqZJENOP48sEwNddppv2yy3qFjVU06fG8awME7if46uOq1Im3PlsAbb8dprJhMgfDMTAPekV26FetVPmWcbuf7Te6EfiXo_GUH0AeSLs656fSrBRjcD_MzVBw/w625-h445/IMG_3959edit.JPG" width="625" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A Chestnut-breasted Chlorophonia. Another lucky and uncommon sighting.<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFite2CQNOQ2o6-kZF54A6iuwSY2ldvMSEKc-XJXECQWFW1ohb_OOZnJMKmGYa4ONzmDuKxMLw3h5F0Ktr_vZFLtXGjWlY7Qt7nMm1lmk0EKO_hiV0q6JSO90ygIN-fg8HRtj-s2K3-TU/s2048/37809344_Unknown.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="469" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFite2CQNOQ2o6-kZF54A6iuwSY2ldvMSEKc-XJXECQWFW1ohb_OOZnJMKmGYa4ONzmDuKxMLw3h5F0Ktr_vZFLtXGjWlY7Qt7nMm1lmk0EKO_hiV0q6JSO90ygIN-fg8HRtj-s2K3-TU/w625-h469/37809344_Unknown.JPG" width="625" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Purple-bibbed Whitetip. Scarce but will visit feeders.</td></tr></tbody></table><br />To close, just a few pictures of Jardin, a lovely Andean town known for its floral displays and neo-Gothic Basilica. Rainbow included.<div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguDNLt1PBFumqWw7vgVzIRKXWZhqaBQAXlGZA4zTfcjmwdaxa3tNftucho-5KGNpvzj4J2uXtLMFwEjp57UxIMqTK85Occz1rs6T4uaWQss75vJgHmQcAmCeBW043ZKxvNaE8Ox7bFNKw/s4608/IMG_4607.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="469" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguDNLt1PBFumqWw7vgVzIRKXWZhqaBQAXlGZA4zTfcjmwdaxa3tNftucho-5KGNpvzj4J2uXtLMFwEjp57UxIMqTK85Occz1rs6T4uaWQss75vJgHmQcAmCeBW043ZKxvNaE8Ox7bFNKw/w625-h469/IMG_4607.JPG" width="625" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqdiBZuwDxQk9rbHHflivIPuJRlwzIXCT7H3gKLzZct9cXPOsdj43Eq_znssG1U36GGnn2HTDg-ZpST49A4-1xA3Z0e5w68tOsPCJwGxVmwRD2v7Is0Q1Uhq8GJaY5Ua1-QK76e36kUck/s4608/IMG_4619.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="469" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqdiBZuwDxQk9rbHHflivIPuJRlwzIXCT7H3gKLzZct9cXPOsdj43Eq_znssG1U36GGnn2HTDg-ZpST49A4-1xA3Z0e5w68tOsPCJwGxVmwRD2v7Is0Q1Uhq8GJaY5Ua1-QK76e36kUck/w625-h469/IMG_4619.JPG" width="625" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEc4PcUAksshJ212hotxa85YPckonQXTrW4f0jL0vjKngra0wVGG-uDdgXaTnRZgE96E3Yv_m7AiuFbTSXkGNDjySChuuqYsaDmj-zYcR0kyaHDg_N_f0081Ui_sDXGGApjoASKxk3aRw/s4608/IMG_4621.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="469" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEc4PcUAksshJ212hotxa85YPckonQXTrW4f0jL0vjKngra0wVGG-uDdgXaTnRZgE96E3Yv_m7AiuFbTSXkGNDjySChuuqYsaDmj-zYcR0kyaHDg_N_f0081Ui_sDXGGApjoASKxk3aRw/w625-h469/IMG_4621.JPG" width="625" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4zHyVk-GgtwZkjpJj79f3_l7sUUjcbGaYtxno5mfsoERUoTlFTjNtVtVsrdeXxzbUyj_jLOp7UwqAQtoKQyD2NZHTjpz0MFnj5J4x2okBkwK5WOxx6HnrIJ8shkWTYonEXeiJKK172eU/s4608/IMG_4629.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="469" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4zHyVk-GgtwZkjpJj79f3_l7sUUjcbGaYtxno5mfsoERUoTlFTjNtVtVsrdeXxzbUyj_jLOp7UwqAQtoKQyD2NZHTjpz0MFnj5J4x2okBkwK5WOxx6HnrIJ8shkWTYonEXeiJKK172eU/w625-h469/IMG_4629.JPG" width="625" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQ7bAsJ1zrYP7hR8PeNhmxORFrwY6Ze8ftIQU4VP4icmw8eU8oEYBCtNs4geYGUsCu7WyQNttrpgD_VyakaauFKWYbDro4ZZgZNbLtHhIf1AhrYMVdXv229aiyvsGzPNG4PdOoOpuLyTs/s4608/IMG_4632.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="469" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQ7bAsJ1zrYP7hR8PeNhmxORFrwY6Ze8ftIQU4VP4icmw8eU8oEYBCtNs4geYGUsCu7WyQNttrpgD_VyakaauFKWYbDro4ZZgZNbLtHhIf1AhrYMVdXv229aiyvsGzPNG4PdOoOpuLyTs/w625-h469/IMG_4632.JPG" width="625" /></a></div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqBiuTcsbH6Q4PQWlmGCRKHcuKS9Zscd69hyPH-4CNZZXmkrKGLy3W3-obyEx22DUhR3SKy5mFLA6F2ZoparD12mkX4I9G01DcSFU8Y-c8V4GBXl6rBM21ccfBRlySqm41Jldgt59OgoA/s4608/IMG_4633.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="469" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqBiuTcsbH6Q4PQWlmGCRKHcuKS9Zscd69hyPH-4CNZZXmkrKGLy3W3-obyEx22DUhR3SKy5mFLA6F2ZoparD12mkX4I9G01DcSFU8Y-c8V4GBXl6rBM21ccfBRlySqm41Jldgt59OgoA/w625-h469/IMG_4633.JPG" width="625" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Our final meal in Jardin was at an excellent restaurant that specialized in Italian and Thai food. Called <a href="#" id="https://www.tripadvisor.com/Restaurant_Review-g2035190-d11909981-Reviews-Bon_appetit-Jardin_Antioquia_Department.html" name="https://www.tripadvisor.com/Restaurant_Review-g2035190-d11909981-Reviews-Bon_appetit-Jardin_Antioquia_Department.html">Bon Appetit</a>. Why not?</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div><br /><div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div></div></div>Eric B. Schultzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03169391149462048777noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7279240094159602471.post-18706735515646855302020-06-29T08:10:00.001-04:002022-01-11T17:17:29.730-05:00An “Innocuous Looking” Box: The Rape Kit, Innovation, and the Matilda Effect<p class="MsoNormal"></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8acuvGJsF4HgSvaMIyYAiNu0cyKQ_Vp3pD2zIDGhsowSGiSE3UUadfSlkllaB5H1dXERm_uvRv3uG27Abl5rhup-w-6dQxfGO0hdEKYPI2b8KcbTpz4Orvq_31Xr6K_Jiyu-5-innUzY/s800/800px-Medical_professionals_learn_how_to_use_the_Sexual_Assault_Evidence_Collection_kit_at_Camp_Phoenix_near_Kabul%252C_Afghanistan%252C_Aug._15%252C_2010_100815-A-GY802-017.jpg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="481" data-original-width="800" height="193" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8acuvGJsF4HgSvaMIyYAiNu0cyKQ_Vp3pD2zIDGhsowSGiSE3UUadfSlkllaB5H1dXERm_uvRv3uG27Abl5rhup-w-6dQxfGO0hdEKYPI2b8KcbTpz4Orvq_31Xr6K_Jiyu-5-innUzY/w320-h193/800px-Medical_professionals_learn_how_to_use_the_Sexual_Assault_Evidence_Collection_kit_at_Camp_Phoenix_near_Kabul%252C_Afghanistan%252C_Aug._15%252C_2010_100815-A-GY802-017.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><font size="1">(Source: Public domain from defenseimagery.mil)</font></td></tr></tbody></table>Martha “Marty” Goddard invented the rape kit, <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2015/11/20/health/rape-kit-history/index.html">but
until recently</a>, never received credit. <o:p></o:p><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">She fought for years to have her idea accepted by law
enforcement and the courts, to have sexual assault treated as a crime and not,
as <a href="#" id="pagankennedy.space" name="pagankennedy.space">author Pagan Kennedy</a> writes, a feminine delusion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Goddard was sometimes encouraged, sometimes funded, but
often ignored and belittled.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She herself
was raped by someone pretending to be a supporter. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">She died an exhausted, penniless alcoholic.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Her heartbreaking story is <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/06/17/opinion/rape-kit-history.html">told
beautifully by Kennedy in the <i>New York Times Sunday Review</i></a>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But Goddard’s idea would, as Steve Jobs encouraged,
go on to dent the universe.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I invite you to read Kennedy’s compelling article. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I hope that, one day, it becomes a book. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It will make you angry and frustrated and
maybe want to cry. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Based on my own reading of innovation, I have a short
postscript to add.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But first, the basics:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span></span></p><a name='more'></a>While working at a crisis hotline for teens in Chicago in
1972, Goddard came to realize that many girls ran away from home to escape
sexual abuse.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That’s when she envisioned
the first standardized rape kit. She wasn’t trying to dent the universe; she
simply wanted girls and women to have the opportunity to present their stories in a legal world that judged what they wore and where they happened to be as evidence exonerating the men who assaulted them.<o:p></o:p><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">When Goddard offered a written description of her idea to
Louis Vitullo, a Chicago police sergeant and chief microanalyst in the city's
crime lab, “he screamed at her.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He told
her she had no business getting involved with this and what she was talking
about was crazy.”<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Not long after that meeting, Sgt. Vitullo invited Goddard to
return, presenting her with a prototype of the kit she had described and taking
ownership of the idea.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The trademark for
the Vitullo Evidence Collection Kit was filed in 1978.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The sergeant’s obituary in 2006 was titled
“Man Who Invented the Rape Kit.”<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u>A Postscript: The Matilda Effect<o:p></o:p></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">This kind of theft is so common, so usual for a man to take
credit for the intellectual capital of a woman, that it has a name: the Matilda
Effect.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I first encountered this issue when researching Eli Whitney
and his cotton gin for <i><a href="#" id="https://www.amazon.com/Innovation-Tap-Entrepreneurship-Broadways-Hamilton/dp/1626346631" name="https://www.amazon.com/Innovation-Tap-Entrepreneurship-Broadways-Hamilton/dp/1626346631">Innovation on Tap</a></i>.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Whitney’s story involves <a href="#" id="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catharine_Littlefield_Greene" name="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catharine_Littlefield_Greene">Catharine Greene</a>, widow of General Nathanael Greene and proprietor of
<a href="#" id="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulberry_Grove_Plantation" name="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulberry_Grove_Plantation">Mulberry Grove</a>, a plantation in Georgia which hosted Whitney as a guest
in 1793.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Greene would prove to
be a remarkable entrepreneur.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was her personal network that first
introduced Whitney to the problems of cotton processing, her encouragement that
set him working on the cotton gin project, and the equity in her plantation and
willingness to play angel investor that provided financing for his startup
expenses.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Nonetheless, when
Whitney filed his patent for the cotton gin in 1794, he listed himself as the sole inventor.<o:p style="font-size: 12pt;"></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcyvGsCfneYr8snqs41QcNeultXNh47NnR4ZTxRUdTF6CsMWEXEHkaeMiiCo1fhT_6z87jApFXjDXpaA55rRicy6y3mD5qD1eckJJ3UsZ5T5ZO2FqIqT6LNu3oqnuckECYcJr9Ix_dvO8/s800/28963093428_192336f3f9_c.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="534" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcyvGsCfneYr8snqs41QcNeultXNh47NnR4ZTxRUdTF6CsMWEXEHkaeMiiCo1fhT_6z87jApFXjDXpaA55rRicy6y3mD5qD1eckJJ3UsZ5T5ZO2FqIqT6LNu3oqnuckECYcJr9Ix_dvO8/w268-h400/28963093428_192336f3f9_c.jpg" width="268" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><font size="1" style="line-height: 1;">Matilda Joslyn Gage, c. 1871 (Source: Schlesinger <br />Library on the History of Women in America) The mother-in-law<br />of L. Frank Baum (author of "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz"), <br /><a href="#" id="https://www.historynet.com/matilda-josyln-gage-the-unlikely-inspiration-for-the-wizard-of-oz.htm" name="https://www.historynet.com/matilda-josyln-gage-the-unlikely-inspiration-for-the-wizard-of-oz.htm" style="line-height: 1;">Matilda has an incredible story of her own</a>.</font></td></tr></tbody></table>In 1870, <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Matilda Electra Josyln Gage (1826</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">–</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1898) offered
a different version of the Whitney story.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“It
may, perhaps, be unknown,” she wrote, “that the invention of the cotton-gin,
one of the greatest mechanical triumphs of modern times, is due to a
woman.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Although the work on the model
was done by the hands of Eli Whitney,” Gage added, “yet Mrs. Greene originated
the idea, and knowing Whitney to be a practical mechanic, she suggested his
doing the work.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">On at least one occasion, Gage concluded, Whitney had been stumped and
intended to give up until Greene provided him both encouragement and a
practical, mechanical solution.</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Occasional%20CEO%20blog/Innovating%20the%20Rape%20Kit.docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></span></sup></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In 1993, science historian <a href="#" id="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_W._Rossiter" name="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_W._Rossiter">Margaret W. Rossiter</a> coined the term
"Matilda Effect" in Gage’s honor to describe the systemic denial of
contributions by women scientists in research.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>She found Matilda Gage especially appropriate because Gage herself had been largely forgotten
despite her seminal role in women’s suffrage.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Rossiter lists examples of the Matilda Effect, including the case of <a href="#" id="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lise_Meitner" name="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lise_Meitner">LiseMeitner</a>, who labored for decades with Otto Hahn in Germany on nuclear fission,
only to be stunned in 1944 when “he alone had been awarded the Nobel Prize for
one of the biggest collaborative discoveries of the century.”<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Occasional%20CEO%20blog/Innovating%20the%20Rape%20Kit.docx#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Likewise, Rossiter notes, it took from 1906
to 1971 and twelve editions before the series <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">American Men of Science </i>was finally renamed <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">American Men and Women of Science.</i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pamela Bauer
Mueller’s novel, <a href="" id="https://www.amazon.com/Lady-Unveiled-Catharine-Greene-1755-1814-ebook/dp/B00J19Y54I" name="https://www.amazon.com/Lady-Unveiled-Catharine-Greene-1755-1814-ebook/dp/B00J19Y54I"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Lady Unveiled: Catharine
Greene Miller, 1755</i><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">–</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">1814</i></a>, brings the Matilda Effect to life
by providing a version of the invention of the cotton gin that assigns Greene
the role of primary collaborator.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In
Mueller’s story, Whitney has solved the problem of separating seeds from cotton
staple but is stumped because the staple remains stuck on the wire teeth,
jamming his machine.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“I have reached
the end of my road,” Whitney says, and “I am prepared to abandon this machine
altogether.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That’s when Catharine Greene
picks up a hearth brush from the fireplace, waves it over Whitney’s failed
model like a magic wand, and says, “Perhaps this brush’s stiff bristles would
help you remove the lint from the teeth!”<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Occasional%20CEO%20blog/Innovating%20the%20Rape%20Kit.docx#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then she quickly flicked the cotton fibers
off the wires and onto the table.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Whitney stands amazed at Greene’s elegant solution.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">More than good
storytelling, this is a real possibility.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In an 1832 sketch of Whitney, author William Scarborough <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">described Catharine’s suggestion of a hearth brush,
prompting the inventor to add a second cylinder for cleaning the lint and seed
from the teeth of the primary cylinder.<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Occasional%20CEO%20blog/Innovating%20the%20Rape%20Kit.docx#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This sketch was written just seven years
after Whitney’s death, and has as its source Dr. Lemuel Kollock </span>(1766</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">–</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1823)<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">, a close friend and confidant of Greene’s.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kollock served as executor of </span>Catharine’s
estate, and supported Whitney at his final patent trial in Georgia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If Catharine had confided the truth of the
invention of the cotton gin to any one person, it would have been Dr. Kollock.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Where Matilda
Gage credited outright the invention of the cotton gin to Greene, other
historians take a more nuanced position.<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Occasional%20CEO%20blog/Innovating%20the%20Rape%20Kit.docx#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[5]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Scholar Autumn Stanley may have come closest to the bullseye when she
wrote, in her 1993 <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Mothers and Daughters
of Invention: Notes for a Revised History of Technology,</i> that “Catherine
Greene almost surely did not invent the cotton gin ‘instead’ of Eli Whitney,
but" without her help, Stanley concludes, “Whitney might have failed.”</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Occasional%20CEO%20blog/Innovating%20the%20Rape%20Kit.docx#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><font size="3"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[6]</span></sup></font><!--[endif]--></span></sup></a><o:p style="font-size: 12pt;"></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; font-size: 12pt; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjM5NeLyeJTc1cT-D6GVB7bgUHUSuwbILXNJ9vTvFhuUXIb-PDIxrlHRUOyfTjhhB4GBmg56-rA_FEbHifykqSxum90gDTr2OwCFGtlQmdHsE9swsMFA6W5vXRvms1YJzdb-qHV-sOqNDQ/s487/Catharine_Littlefield_Greene.jpg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="487" data-original-width="382" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjM5NeLyeJTc1cT-D6GVB7bgUHUSuwbILXNJ9vTvFhuUXIb-PDIxrlHRUOyfTjhhB4GBmg56-rA_FEbHifykqSxum90gDTr2OwCFGtlQmdHsE9swsMFA6W5vXRvms1YJzdb-qHV-sOqNDQ/s320/Catharine_Littlefield_Greene.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><font size="1">Catharine Littlefield Greene c. 1809 (Source: Telfair<br />Museums) attributed to Jame Frothingham</font></td></tr></tbody></table>Today, Catharine
Greene would almost certainly have been listed as a co-inventor on the cotton gin patent.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The fact that she did not receive credit, as
Margaret Rossiter suggests, was a fate that befell dozens of American female
inventors. <o:p></o:p><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Still, against
all odds, some prevailed. <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">The first
American patent awarded to a woman was granted in</span> 1809 to Mary Kies of
Connecticut who invented a way of weaving straw and silk to make hats.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Six years later, Mary Brush received a patent
for improvements to the corset.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
third went to Sophie Usher in 1819 for a process that turned violet water and
cream of tartar into toilet lotion. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ten women received patent awards by 1828, but it was the eighth and ninth
who continued to break especially important ground.<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Occasional%20CEO%20blog/Innovating%20the%20Rape%20Kit.docx#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[7]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1826, Phoebe Collier received a patent for
sawing wheel rims, and two years later Elizabeth Buckley patented the sheet
iron shovel.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Both inventions were
clearly outside the domestic sphere, further proof that contributions by women
should not and could not be limited to household goods and dress.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">B<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">y 1876, women accounted for 859 American
patents, about one-half percent of all those granted.</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Occasional%20CEO%20blog/Innovating%20the%20Rape%20Kit.docx#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[8]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Eight
years later </span>Judy W. Reed of Washington, D.C., became the first black
woman to receive an American patent, for a mechanical dough kneader.<a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Occasional%20CEO%20blog/Innovating%20the%20Rape%20Kit.docx#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[9]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></a>
The<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> fact that women were not admitted
to schools that taught sciences or higher mathematics and were generally
excluded from mechanical trades in the 18<sup>th</sup> and 19<sup>th</sup>
centuries made these early patent awards all the more remarkable.<o:p style="font-size: 12pt;"></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u>Goddard and Her Innocuous Box<o:p></o:p></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Goddard continued fighting to have the rape kit accepted,
finally convincing the giant New York City police department to adopt her
innovation in 1982.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">As its use grew, the rape kit overwhelmed a system
unprepared and often unwilling to adapt. By 2000, New York City had 16,000 untested
kits.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 2009, investigators found an
abandoned parking garage in Detroit where police had stored 11,000 untested
kits from as far back as 1980. In 2015, before the Justice Department finally
intervened to help break the logjam, <a href="#" id="http://www.endthebacklog.org/backlog/why-backlog-exists" name="http://www.endthebacklog.org/backlog/why-backlog-exists">the US had a backlog of 400,000 kits</a>.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">A central theme of <i>Innovation on Tap</i> is that the most
influential innovations in history often have little to do with technology or the latest whizz-bang breakthrough. They
don’t even involve new stuff—only a combination of the old, combined in a new
way.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They arise the way Lin-Manuel
Miranda’s combination of Thomas Jefferson (b. 1743) with rap (circa 1980) <a href="#" id="http://theoccasionalceo.blogspot.com/2020/03/innovation-on-tap-7-model-for.html" name="http://theoccasionalceo.blogspot.com/2020/03/innovation-on-tap-7-model-for.html">turned Broadway and the US on its head</a>.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The power of these kinds of low-tech novel combinations comes
in binding people and information together in new, more powerful ways.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The rape kit that Goddard conceived included test tubes,
slides and protective packaging, a comb, sterile nail clippers, and a bag for
the victim’s clothing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It also had a
card with information about counseling and medical services.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It cost all of $2.50.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">This “innocuous looking” box could not have been any
simpler.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But, it:</p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Replaced a system designed to destroy evidence
with one designed to preserve it.</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">It
taught nurses, for example, how to collect evidence suitable for lab work and (in an intended kindness to the victim) not discard bloody clothing.</span> </li><li>Connected medical professionals with law
enforcement and both with lawyers, judges and juries. It assembled--sometimes unknowingly and even reluctantly--a support
team for the victim. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span></li><li>Encouraged the report of assault.</li><li>Created a chain of custody.</li><li>Impressed, relieved and swayed jurors by introducing science in
support of emotional, conflicting testimony.</li></ul><p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Most of all, it <i>worked</i>, helping convict its first rapist in 1979.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The rape kit was a collection of everyday material brought
together with simple instructions, but, Kennedy writes, it was really “a new way of
thinking about prosecuting rape.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Goddard died in 2015.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Writing this,” Kennedy concludes, “I dreamed of one day seeing one of
the original kits displayed in the Smithsonian, among the parade of great
American inventions.”<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">With a picture beside it of Martha Marty Goddard, of course,
an innovator whose innocuous looking box dented the universe.</p><div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<!--[endif]-->
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="FootnoteText1" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Occasional%20CEO%20blog/Innovating%20the%20Rape%20Kit.docx#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> Matilda E. Joslyn Gage, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Woman as Inventor</i>, New York State Woman
Suffrage Association, pamphlet, No. II, Vol. III, February 1870, 32 pages.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="FootnoteText1" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Occasional%20CEO%20blog/Innovating%20the%20Rape%20Kit.docx#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> Margaret W. Rossiter, “The Matthew
Matilda Effect in Science,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Social
Studies of Science</i>, Vol. 23, No. 2, May 1993, pp. 329.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="FootnoteText1" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Occasional%20CEO%20blog/Innovating%20the%20Rape%20Kit.docx#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> Pamela Bauer Miller, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Lady Unveiled: Catharine Greene Miller,
1755-1814</i>, Jekyll Island, GA: Piñata Publishing, 2014, Kindle edition, Loc
148.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="FootnoteText1" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Occasional%20CEO%20blog/Innovating%20the%20Rape%20Kit.docx#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> William Scarborough, “Sketch of Eli
Whitney,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Southern Agriculturist</i>,
August 1832.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn5" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="FootnoteText1" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Occasional%20CEO%20blog/Innovating%20the%20Rape%20Kit.docx#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> See Denise E. Pilato, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Retrieval of a Legacy:
Nineteenth-Century American Women Inventors</i>, Westport, CT: Praeger, 2000,
11.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn6" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="FootnoteText1" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Occasional%20CEO%20blog/Innovating%20the%20Rape%20Kit.docx#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> Autumn Stanley, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Mothers and Daughters of Invention: Notes for a Revised History of
Technology</i>, Metuchen, N.J.: The Scarecrow Press, Inc., 1993, 48.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn7" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="FootnoteText1" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Occasional%20CEO%20blog/Innovating%20the%20Rape%20Kit.docx#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> C.H. Claudy, “Women as Inventors,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Scientific American</i>, New York, Vol. CVI,
No. 15, April 13, 1912.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn8" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="FootnoteText1" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Occasional%20CEO%20blog/Innovating%20the%20Rape%20Kit.docx#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> Warner, Deborah J., “Women Inventors at
the Centennial,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Dynamos and Virgins
Revisited: Women and Technological Change in History</i>, Marth Moore Trescott,
ed., Metuchen, NJ: The Scarecrow Press, 1979, 104.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn9" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="FootnoteText1" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Eric%20B%20Schultz/Documents/Occasional%20CEO%20blog/Innovating%20the%20Rape%20Kit.docx#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> B. Zorina Khan, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Democratization of Invention: Patents and Copyrights in American
Economic Development, 1790-1920</i>, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
2005, 134.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div><br />Eric B. Schultzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03169391149462048777noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7279240094159602471.post-12944381476728944592020-06-17T08:56:00.001-04:002020-06-17T08:57:37.861-04:00James Forten: A Fortune Made by His Own Industry<p class="h1" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt;"><span style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCdysc87EcQfyr9M31fScprjyXSOHiGzHC9Rz1EHAQSqESdMl_BfwNZCHhouVKKEetGCxsu1kw8kR6GsokPrpETdyiuJ5e1gxme-kRk7C26keYCl7NYwIsbHmXOnbQKlzNLnnleDO5n2g/s300/james-forten.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="300" data-original-width="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCdysc87EcQfyr9M31fScprjyXSOHiGzHC9Rz1EHAQSqESdMl_BfwNZCHhouVKKEetGCxsu1kw8kR6GsokPrpETdyiuJ5e1gxme-kRk7C26keYCl7NYwIsbHmXOnbQKlzNLnnleDO5n2g/" /></a></div><span style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Featured in chapter 3 of <i><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Innovation-Tap-Entrepreneurship-Broadways-Hamilton/dp/1626346631">Innovation on Tap</a>, </i>James Forten (1766-1842) lived a
rags-to-riches story so impressive that he became among the wealthiest businessmen
in Philadelphia, and a powerful voice for African-American reform.</span><p></p>
<p class="txt" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Forten’s
future was cast the moment he accompanied his father to work at the sail-making
business of Robert Bridges, a white Quaker. By age ten, Forten had acquired the
basic skills of his lifelong trade while learning to read at a nearby Quaker
school. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="txt" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Anxious
to support the Revolution, Forten enlisted as a powder boy on the 450-ton
<i>American <span class="ital">Royal Louis</span></i>. During Forten’s maiden voyage, the
<span class="ital">Royal Louis</span> captured four British vessels. His second
cruise was met by the British warship<span class="ital"> <i>Amphion</i></span>, however,
and in October 1782, Forten found himself a prisoner aboard the <span class="ital"><i>Jersey</i></span> in Manhattan’s East River. He barely survived his
seven long months of captivity. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="txt" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In
1785, Robert Bridges welcomed Forten back to his sail loft, and within a year
named the toughened, ambitious young man his foreman. In time, Forten learned
how to outfit and repair sails for every kind of vessel that appeared in the
port of Philadelphia. In return, Forten provided his older friend and boss with
leadership and the wisdom of someone whose own life had once depended upon
quality sails. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="txt" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">When
Bridges retired in 1798, he lent Forten the money to purchase his sail-making
business, ensuring he maintained the firm's customers. Bridges was clearly Forten’s
benefactor, but support from the greater Quaker community in Philadelphia helped
to level the playing field and made it possible for the talented Forten to excel. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="txt" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span></span></span></p><a name='more'></a>By
age thirty-two, he employed a biracial workforce of thirty-eight men, and in 1805 was operating the largest, most complex enterprise being
run by a black man in Philadelphia.<o:p></o:p><p></p>
<p class="txt" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQHcp1YBGIjc9LepIqJj7kWbzDdwlY7LTK5h3ODgaJd6CmugLTr5jnL7KhbBwZCxH7H5b-7NfJ8bU0YsCsdlx6_JZhiKCOKPp_vV1jiY0G7netYggWSCRLO0N4Qnn_Wo3dEtDfFRUZuWI/s955/ClipperSails.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="955" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQHcp1YBGIjc9LepIqJj7kWbzDdwlY7LTK5h3ODgaJd6CmugLTr5jnL7KhbBwZCxH7H5b-7NfJ8bU0YsCsdlx6_JZhiKCOKPp_vV1jiY0G7netYggWSCRLO0N4Qnn_Wo3dEtDfFRUZuWI/s320/ClipperSails.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>Sail
making was technologically intensive and highly competitive. Cutting-edge
product gave mariners an advantage in trade and battle. Forten filed at least one patent, “an improvement in the management of sails which brought him a good deal of
money.”<span class="superscript"> <o:p></o:p></span><p></p>
<p class="txt" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">This
ability to innovate was also important after the War of 1812, when peaceful
waters allowed traders to build bigger vessels to accommodate larger cargoes,
requiring the design of a new generation of sails. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="txt" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Forten
might have been even richer had he done business with slave traders, but that
was work he indignantly refused, abolitionist Lydia Child writes, “declaring
that he considered such a request an insult to any honest or humane man.” <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="txt" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">By
1820, Forten had likely become the largest sailmaker in Philadelphia, his sail loft was a showplace, and he was a wealthy and admired man.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="txt" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In
addition, he had become a writer and an important voice in the abolitionist
movement of the early republic, “the head of a generation of black reformers,”
historian Richard Newman writes, “who viewed the written word as a critical
part of the African-American struggle for justice.” <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="txt" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Forten
was able to negotiate both black and white communities in ways few others could, a
tribute to his own skill, the support and mentoring of Robert Bridges, the Quaker community, and the
cosmopolitan nature of Philadelphia, which, in
1830, was America’s largest northern urban black community.<span class="superscript"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="txt" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoSp_WT1aUJB2cHntiM8wbn6uXD2l66uk24apLY-3qql3EMohNRtrYuPdPNfbNd64uOykB4jCR9gGucRTJZfc8Zmz1U6bDZSC3Uj4MixDuUVhlV0r6sN_Z2VBh9ZJJSqMcTy324TG2EHI/s275/images.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="275" data-original-width="183" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoSp_WT1aUJB2cHntiM8wbn6uXD2l66uk24apLY-3qql3EMohNRtrYuPdPNfbNd64uOykB4jCR9gGucRTJZfc8Zmz1U6bDZSC3Uj4MixDuUVhlV0r6sN_Z2VBh9ZJJSqMcTy324TG2EHI/" /></a></div>He
took advantage of this unique access, working to pass laws permitting black
Americans to become citizens. “There was scarcely any initiative relating to
the advancement of African Americans in Philadelphia from 1790 onward,”
historian Julie Winch added, “that did not benefit in some way or another from
James Forten’s input.”<span class="superscript"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><p></p><p class="txt" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">His home on Lombard Street became a stop on
the Underground Railroad.<sup><o:p></o:p></sup></span></p>
<p class="endnote-nl" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; mso-list: none; text-indent: 0in;"><u><span style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Sources
(footnoted in <i>Innovation on Tap</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></u></p>
<p class="endnote-nl" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; mso-list: none; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Julie
Winch, <span class="ital">A Gentleman of Color: The Life of James Forten</span> (Oxford:
Oxford University Press, 2002).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="endnote-nl" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; mso-list: none; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">L.
Maria Child, “James Forten,” <span class="ital">The Freedmen’s Book </span>(Boston:
Tricknor and Fields, 1865).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="endnote-nl" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; mso-list: none; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Richard
Newman, “Not the Only Story in ‘Amistad’: The Fictional Joadson and the Real
James Forten,” <span class="ital">Pennsylvania History: A Journal of Mid-Atlantic
Studies</span>, Vol. 67, No. 2 (Spring 2000).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="endnote-nl" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; mso-list: none; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Emma
J. Lapansky-Werner, “Teamed Up with the PAS: Images of Black Philadelphia,” <span class="ital">Pennsylvania Legacies</span>, November 2005.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="endnote-nl" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; mso-list: none; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></p><p class="endnote-nl" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">+++++++++++++++++++</span></p><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc525804880"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></a><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc525804880"></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3Of3-hs7rJ1_EZ1J8b81GiVlQVAS0H4yQxkHqvQMrkMwUelewGjt27aknbJ3CeFLwduSWj0I6_SQZ0dMHSTDJTcbIAY7WGIi0v2Arn5RRkLC9xrPOjpkQ2tLTpW5pITvCNz8lB6WVCVU/s4032/IMG_8089e.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="2876" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3Of3-hs7rJ1_EZ1J8b81GiVlQVAS0H4yQxkHqvQMrkMwUelewGjt27aknbJ3CeFLwduSWj0I6_SQZ0dMHSTDJTcbIAY7WGIi0v2Arn5RRkLC9xrPOjpkQ2tLTpW5pITvCNz8lB6WVCVU/s320/IMG_8089e.jpg" /></a></div>This is the eighth excerpt from <i>Innovation on Tap: Stories of Entrepreneurship From the Cotton Gin to Broadway's "Hamilton" </i>© Eric B. Schultz,<i> </i>available on <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Innovation-Tap-Entrepreneurship-Broadways-Hamilton/dp/1626346631/ref=sr_1_1?crid=2QB1AIL2YOD63&keywords=innovation+on+tap+schultz&qid=1565272213&s=gateway&sprefix=innovation+on%2Caps%2C132&sr=8-1"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc525804880;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Amazon</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc525804880;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc525804880;">, </span><a href="https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/innovation-on-tap-eric-b-schultz/1131227619?ean=9781626346635&st=PLA&sid=BNB_ADL+Core+Good+Books+-+Desktop+Low&sourceId=PLAGoNA&dpid=tdtve346c&2sid=Google_c&gclid=Cj0KCQjwkK_qBRD8ARIsAOteukARHdPQvpSnhmnvUQHOYNMSAkbRAjJXdfRUC2yYPpOpHxpJKXMG3wIaAsBYEALw_wcB"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc525804880;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Barnes & Noble</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc525804880;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc525804880;">, and in quantity from Baker & Taylor or Greenleaf Book Group at 800-932-5420.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc525804880;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc525804880;">Excerpt #1, about Buddy Bolden and the birth of jazz, is</span><a href="https://theoccasionalceo.blogspot.com/2019/08/innovation-on-tap-1-sound-of-innovation.html"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc525804880;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> here</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc525804880;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc525804880;">. Excerpt #2, about Jason Jacobs and the growth of Runkeeper, is </span><a href="https://theoccasionalceo.blogspot.com/2019/08/innovation-on-tap-2-jason-jacobs.html"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc525804880;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">here</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc525804880;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc525804880;">. Excerpt #3, about Jean Brownhill and Sweeten, is </span><a href="https://theoccasionalceo.blogspot.com/2019/08/innovation-on-tap-3-jean-brownhill.html"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc525804880;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">here</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc525804880;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc525804880;">. Excerpt #4, about Elizabeth Arden and "the right to be beautiful," is </span><a href="https://theoccasionalceo.blogspot.com/2019/08/innovation-on-tap-4-elizabeth-arden.html"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc525804880;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">here</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc525804880;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc525804880;">. Excerpt #5, about GM's Alfred Sloan (the most successful American entrepreneur ever?), is </span><a href="https://theoccasionalceo.blogspot.com/2019/09/innovation-on-tap-5-alfred-sloan.html"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc525804880;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">here</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc525804880;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc525804880;">.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Excerpt #6, about Evertrue’s Brent Grinna, is </span><a href="https://theoccasionalceo.blogspot.com/2019/09/innovation-on-tap-6-brent-grinna.html"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc525804880;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">here</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc525804880;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc525804880;">. Excerpt #7, about Lin-Manuel Miranda and the creation of <i>Hamilton</i>, is <a href="http://theoccasionalceo.blogspot.com/2020/03/innovation-on-tap-7-model-for.html">here</a>.</span></div><p class="endnote-nl" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></p><br />Eric B. Schultzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03169391149462048777noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7279240094159602471.post-19034106631242275822020-05-29T07:35:00.002-04:002020-05-29T07:42:33.251-04:00Two Things Old Entrepreneurs Can Do For New Entrepreneurs in a Pandemic<p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7ZTSFW57_NeechalOQthjHGw3382czGkKwAJ4LZmWnFXN6BJ0uNHEFhMnaS6Hnlaxw09J4kO-3R-Y4apRIgYVkAvnNvpXvliKShAmnrujEbwSyu1iD8AvDXICGTU8Ey3die2S6R9md4g/" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="703" data-original-width="888" height="158" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7ZTSFW57_NeechalOQthjHGw3382czGkKwAJ4LZmWnFXN6BJ0uNHEFhMnaS6Hnlaxw09J4kO-3R-Y4apRIgYVkAvnNvpXvliKShAmnrujEbwSyu1iD8AvDXICGTU8Ey3die2S6R9md4g/w200-h158/Theater-Masks-e1541520184577.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>Crises are all the same because they are all different:
Something has happened that has never happened before.<span> </span>It’s worse than anyone could anticipate. There’s
no obvious solution—and some people doubt there is any solution at all.<span> </span>We are doomed.<o:p></o:p><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">So it is with the COVID-19 pandemic.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">If you are a seasoned entrepreneur, perhaps one who is
mentoring students in an incubator or influential in your local ecosystem, here
are two simple ideas to make things a little bit better.<o:p></o:p></p>
<u>Model Perseverance<o:p></o:p></u><p></p><p class="MsoNormal">The defining quality of a successful entrepreneur <a href="https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/247840" target="_blank">is supposed to be grit</a>. Perseverance. Tenacity. Determination. Resolve. The ability to struggle through obstacles and weather hard times.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal">Nobody wants to be locked down. Nobody wants to wear masks or miss summer at the beach. <i>Everyone</i> wants to eat at a restaurant and get their hair cut. But mercy, people: we live in a nation that stood shoulder-to-shoulder in the viscous soup of a swimming pool, spreading SARS to our closest friends. </p><p class="MsoNormal">We live in a nation where half of us are about to fail <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_marshmallow_experiment">the Stanford Marshmallow Experiment</a>. And the price of failure is suffering and death.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal">If you are an entrepreneur who built your business on perseverance, it’s time now to model that trait--alongside kindness and civility. What’s good for entrepreneurial success turns out to be good for life success as well.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><u>Be Optimistic<o:p></o:p></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Being optimistic is not about putting on a happy face.<span> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">It's about acknowledging that the crisis is
real, that people are hurting, that solutions are elusive—but that we have been in this situation before and we have overcome. <span> </span>Every single time. <span> </span>We just tend to forget our own history.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span></span></p><a name='more'></a>Some of us have already forgotten how bad the 2008 Great
Recession really was; the housing market imploded and almost took down the
entire global economy.<span> </span>But that was only one of nearly 20 significant recessions the US has survived.<span> </span>Not to mention the Great Depression.<span> </span><o:p></o:p><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The recession of 1857 destroyed 5,000 businesses.<span> </span>The Panic of 1873 destroyed 18,000 businesses. The Great Depression lasted a decade and drove unemployment to 25%. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span></span>When I was learning how to drive, I sat in long gas lines
thinking we might all have to give up our cars. There was war in the Mideast, an OPEC
oil embargo, a run on gold at Fort
Knox, five quarters of negative growth
and unemployment of 9%.<span> There was s</span>omething called
stagflation that had the experts baffled. Nobody knew what to do
or how it would end.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Then there was the horror and uncertainty of 9/11.<span>
</span>Pearl Harbor and WWII for my parents.
The Lusitania and WWI for my grandparents. Our nation nearly collapsed in the Civil War,
nearly ended in the War of 1812.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCbIoGU-6taj8zdfeNSZZkHDbmPwgy9mpTgeI6wUeNIhAy3usGMk5H17IemJDJpf_VArXpxgA5I6nHCntIt00GVP9dY9CVMb7AC2tlZRk4lZPdmOPgFOH37IEl2-b9F48OaHHasfRJNlU/" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="771" height="187" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCbIoGU-6taj8zdfeNSZZkHDbmPwgy9mpTgeI6wUeNIhAy3usGMk5H17IemJDJpf_VArXpxgA5I6nHCntIt00GVP9dY9CVMb7AC2tlZRk4lZPdmOPgFOH37IEl2-b9F48OaHHasfRJNlU/w200-h187/covid+masks.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>When AIDS was at its peak in the 1970s and 1980s it was as
fearful a pandemic as COVID is today. In 1968, the Hong Kong Flu killed a million
people around the world.<span> </span>The year I was
born, the Asian Flu was in the midst of killing 2 million people. The 1918 Pandemic took 50 million souls.<p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">On this kind of a summer day not that long ago, your great-grandparents forbid your grandfather or grandmother from swimming in the local pool because polio was so insidious and destructive.<span> </span>The 1952 polio epidemic infected 58,000
people and killed more people than died on 9/11.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">And yet, we are still here, coming off a bull market that lasted more than a decade. Coming off a generation that saw the creation of the greatest national ecosystem for entrepreneurs in the history of the world, one that gave us the iPhone and <i>Game of Thrones</i>. (!) On March 10, 2020, had anyone asked, we would have told them that we were the luckiest people on the face of the earth.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">For 275 years, American history has taught
optimism.<span> </span>For an older entrepreneur, it's a story worth repeating.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u></p><br />Eric B. Schultzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03169391149462048777noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7279240094159602471.post-7668609425367438672020-05-21T09:35:00.000-04:002020-05-21T10:49:08.418-04:00Superman Does Scenario Planning (A Tool for the New Normal?)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKiQLZjI_Fu8OmFbH9fy64LPgBfBaYKVGxvWaMgngMOLLGjR8di5Rjwt5MyIr1IP-4jmipL7tHMJVVCC4UPqBdDjbXc22wzhBJcAvwguSYqL95zfz_4_pfbf9KpEV6w7j-hQ89ohUpyTQ/s1600/superman+thinking.webp" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="380" data-original-width="400" height="304" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKiQLZjI_Fu8OmFbH9fy64LPgBfBaYKVGxvWaMgngMOLLGjR8di5Rjwt5MyIr1IP-4jmipL7tHMJVVCC4UPqBdDjbXc22wzhBJcAvwguSYqL95zfz_4_pfbf9KpEV6w7j-hQ89ohUpyTQ/s320/superman+thinking.webp" width="320" /></a></div>
In <i><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Art-Long-View-Planning-Uncertain/dp/0385267320" target="_blank">The Art of the Long View</a></i>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Schwartz_(futurist)" target="_blank">Peter Schwartz</a> describes a powerful business tool called <b>scenario planning</b>, designed to help leaders <b>navigate the future without having to predict it. </b><br />
<br />
I first wrote this post during the dark days of the 2008 financial meltdown and thought it might be worth reposting in 2020, when the new normal makes the usual tools of strategy seem inadequate.<br />
<br />
“In a scenario process," Schwartz writes, "managers invent and then consider, in depth, several varied stories of equally plausible futures. The stories are carefully researched, full of relevant detail, oriented toward real-life decisions, and designed (one hopes) to bring forward surprises and unexpected leaps of understanding.”<br />
<br />
Scenario planning was first used by the military in WWII, but the classic case demonstrating its value was undertaken by Pierre Wack, a planner in the London offices of Royal Dutch/Shell. In the early 1970s, Pierre and his colleagues in the Group Planning department were looking for events that might affect the price of oil—which had long been a steady, dependable commodity. That’s when they proposed a set of scenarios, each one a plausible story of the future, but radically different in their outcomes.<br />
<br />
I’ll spare you the details except to say, between OPEC and the Yom Kippur War, the energy crisis that followed caught the oil industry off-guard--with the exception of Shell. From one of the weaker of the “Seven Sisters” oil giants, Shell became one of the two largest and, arguably, most profitable.<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCsHq9Vg5wEUH0VTw5VNdI_DisovBA38-HR0KfgwSSc9TbM8QorFKN_YwLKsnXVBAS6BcQ4cv7eTChBIcu9srwXfZhSUfg85G4f6018U0UWuT_zRI5UELqe2HMdB54YDa6MjE1U8V0YW4/s1600/long+view.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="499" data-original-width="324" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCsHq9Vg5wEUH0VTw5VNdI_DisovBA38-HR0KfgwSSc9TbM8QorFKN_YwLKsnXVBAS6BcQ4cv7eTChBIcu9srwXfZhSUfg85G4f6018U0UWuT_zRI5UELqe2HMdB54YDa6MjE1U8V0YW4/s200/long+view.jpg" width="129" /></a><br />
Schwartz tells us, “The purpose of scenarios is to help yourself change your view of reality—to match it up more closely with reality as it is, and reality as it is going to be. <b>The end result, however, is not an accurate picture of tomorrow, but better decisions about the future</b><i>.”</i><br />
<i><br /></i>
<u>Superman Does Scenario Planning</u><br />
<br />
Here's a quick example of how scenario planning works, designed for a superhero.<br />
<br />
Suppose you are Superman. Your workday is filled with urgent, very urgent, near-death, and mankind-saving activities. Over coffee one morning you wonder if, maybe five years from now, you will be able to retire. As you ponder, there are two things that seem especially troubling and difficult to predict.<br />
<br />
<a name='more'></a><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlBgZo2P5OglcfNBi0wb9L0bR0ni-T3EisszTzDaevQzR3cOkJvadmk6SakmQ1KqB1EmnOK775D0sa3YiJlP0_shyphenhyphenhGdnJ1bB7ngAlGLh5Aqfx58pPG-lN_v651sV7MbBXOG-YGZzIdgA/s1600/kryptonite.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="888" data-original-width="600" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlBgZo2P5OglcfNBi0wb9L0bR0ni-T3EisszTzDaevQzR3cOkJvadmk6SakmQ1KqB1EmnOK775D0sa3YiJlP0_shyphenhyphenhGdnJ1bB7ngAlGLh5Aqfx58pPG-lN_v651sV7MbBXOG-YGZzIdgA/s320/kryptonite.jpg" width="216" /></a></div>
One is kryptonite. The only piece you know about is safely locked away, but <i>The</i> <em>Daily Planet</em> reports that an evil genius may have come up with a way to synthesize kryptonite. It's a troubling rumor.<br />
<br />
The other thing that worries you is the crime rate, which seems to be declining in Metropolis but increasing in Gotham City, where that half-wit Batman is perpetually struggling. Again, nobody really knows which way the future trend will head in either city--only that there seems to be no end to the appearance of weird bad-guys.<br />
<br />
So, unable to predict the future around these two especially fraught issues, you decide to devise some scenarios. To do that, you look at two sets of extremes:<br />
<ul>
<li>First, you imagine, five years from now, that the world still only has that one piece of kryptonite locked away safely (we’ll call that the <strong>“Low K”</strong> extreme), and, conversely, there will be a thriving black market for synthetic kryptonite and you’ll be in some deep trouble (<strong>“High K”</strong>).</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Next, you imagine five years from now that crime will be nearly eradicated (if Batman can get his act together—so <strong>“Low C”</strong>), or criminals will essentially be running Gotham City, and maybe Metropolis as well (<strong>“High C”</strong>).</li>
</ul>
Now, you're in a good position to look at four different scenarios:<br />
<blockquote>
<ol>
<li><b>Low C/Low K</b>: Easy City (and probably retirement)</li>
<li><b>Low C/High K</b>: Calling in Sick (and a good opportunity to turn the entire crime-fighting thing over to Batman)</li>
<li><b>High C/Low K</b>: Bat Hell (because you'll need to depend on Batman, a lot)</li>
<li><b>High C/High K</b>: The Big Hurt</li>
</ol>
</blockquote>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifNzuM4VVksDlgZ9zvMjWF3hkJE5XDQaehG1qACoaf_RGPfv0OFCZ9pUg_o6q7mYe-o93Zl0NADrG3nJaYJ0roye0L3laL5CBlszKuUigvM-bVdX7_YnDqaTWbPyQ4iAXhU3bSd4CA6kQg/s1600-h/Superman+Scenario+Blog+white.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" height="300" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5199641813934920722" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifNzuM4VVksDlgZ9zvMjWF3hkJE5XDQaehG1qACoaf_RGPfv0OFCZ9pUg_o6q7mYe-o93Zl0NADrG3nJaYJ0roye0L3laL5CBlszKuUigvM-bVdX7_YnDqaTWbPyQ4iAXhU3bSd4CA6kQg/s400/Superman+Scenario+Blog+white.jpg" style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center;" width="400" /></a><br />
<br />
Remember, you’re not trying to predict the future--just tell plausible stories about what might happen in order plan appropriately.<br />
<br />
Can you think of any strategic initiatives <i>that might make sense under most or all of the scenarios?</i><br />
<br />
How about partnering with Batman? You may be able to take him with one arm, but kryptonite doesn't slow him down. Also, it sounds like he could use some help over in Gotham City, which might influence the High C scenarios. And even in the Easy Street scenario (Low K/Low C), it would be nice to have a buddy to go fishing with.<br />
<br />
Remember, you’re still not trying to predict the future. But you are finding initiatives—like partnering--that make you stronger in every, or almost every scenario.<br />
<br />
Sometimes in scenario planning there are some eye-opening findings.<br />
<br />
For example, why not marry Lois Lane and start a family, like you've been putting off for 70 years? Maybe your son or daughter becomes the Kid of Steel, unfazed by kryptonite (from his/her mother's side of the family)? Having a third superhero on the block might reduce the likelihood of a High C outcome, as well.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6EGMmsXUZEsXBdXW-UB9wo6eeuLZCzTjuAJrkJz7ZhCRUZlVB7NpuQ8U6ueEH-2hnkqiNcKRJIul-euJrW7XQBWp3E8rLvnP63T3lroz16odF0Bncke3ldd_el04VtwBa_J_yGqFKLqLp/s1600-h/Superman+baseball.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" height="316" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5199269822522446818" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6EGMmsXUZEsXBdXW-UB9wo6eeuLZCzTjuAJrkJz7ZhCRUZlVB7NpuQ8U6ueEH-2hnkqiNcKRJIul-euJrW7XQBWp3E8rLvnP63T3lroz16odF0Bncke3ldd_el04VtwBa_J_yGqFKLqLp/s320/Superman+baseball.jpg" style="float: left; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px;" width="320" /></a>That's how it works. Four scenarios. Not a single one likely to occur exactly as described. But all useful in generating strategic options and new ideas.<br />
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Schwartz adds a few additional considerations. <b>Beware of settling on three scenarios, because the one “in the middle” is often treated as the “most likely.”</b> This undermines the advantages of multi-scenario planning. <b>And avoid assigning probabilities.</b> Also, remember to use names that telegraph the scenario logic. Make them vivid and memorable.<br />
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Some of us are superheroes and some of us are STEM people, but we are all Story People.<br />
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Finally, Schwartz closes by saying, <b>“You can tell you have good scenarios when they are plausible and surprising; when they have the power to break old stereotypes; and when the makers assume ownership of them and put them to work. Scenario making is intensely participatory, or it fails.”</b><br />
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<br />Eric B. Schultzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03169391149462048777noreply@blogger.com